the ot-lier shovel iu the earth, carefully putting 1 
the finest and the best from the surface in 
among the roots, filling every interstice, and 
bringing every root in contact with the soil. 
When the earth is nearly filled in, a pail of 
water may be thrown on to settle and wash 
in the earth around the roots; then fill in the 
remainder, and tread gently with the foot. 
The use of water is seldom necessary, except 
in dry weather, early in Fall or late in Spring. 
Guard against planting ton deep; the trees, 
after the ground settles, should stand in this 
Relative cost of 
OCT. IS 
ployed, including the insertion of iron plugs 
to strike on with a heavy hammer, which 
brings down every beetle with the first blow. 
Surfeiting Land with Fertilizers. —Mr. 
C. S. Reed, who, it will be remembered, was one 
of the Royal English Commission to look into 
our agriculture,says of concentrated fertilize^ 
that continuous grain growing by their aid 
will not long succeed on some stiff soils. For 
two years the dressings answer well, but in the 
third they seem to lose their efficacy, and the 
land shows signs of being tired of grain grow¬ 
ing. The Springs of the last few years have 
been cold and wet in England, and the most 
valuable portion of the nitrogenous fertilizers 
may have found its way into the nearest rivu¬ 
let. But when the? season has been favorable 
he finds that the land refuses to answer the 
whip as it does at first. The straw not only 
grows weaker, biit a great deal turns white 
before it ripens, and produces hardly any 
grain; while, if the dressings are increased, 
the straw is flaggy and weak, and is sure to 
lodge with the first pelting rain. 
Orchards in Michigan.— The almost fabu- 
Uon. . . ; Let each flock-owner do what 
he can by way of contribution to our litera¬ 
ture through such channels as are open to him. 
It is to your interest as wool-grow ers that you 
let your lights shine. If you know anything 
that by possibility may beueflt your l'ellow- 
flock-owner, tell it to him. If you are doubt¬ 
ing, seek his counsel; and, niuety-nine times 
in a hundred, you will get sympathy and as¬ 
sistance, in addition to good advice. If you 
are the victim of any prejudice— if you are 
running in a groove—get out of it. Find some 
higher stand point, and you will discover, if 
you have not hitherto realized it, that there is 
more in your chosen industry than you or I 
have yet dreamed of.”. 
The Washington Department of Agricul¬ 
ture is sending ouff a number of different kinds 
of Wheat: 
Rice Wheat is a beardless, reddish amber 
of medium-sized grains from Frederick Co., 
Maryland. It is said to be a vigorous grower, 
hardy and ripens early. 
German Amber Wheat is said to have 
originated in Germany. It is said to lie com¬ 
paratively rust-proof and to yield well and 
make excellent flour. It is beardless and the 
berry is small. 
Champion Amber Wheat.— This is a beard¬ 
less variety from York Co., Penn. It is said 
to have stiff straw, to bo hardy and to yield 
well. It has a medium-sized grain of an am¬ 
ber color. 
Dallas Wheat is a smooth, amber variety 
especially adapted, it is said, to those sections 
of the South where rust prevails. It ripens 
early and is said to be as nearly' rust-proof as 
any good wheat in cultivation. It is an amber 
wheat and the kernel is of medium size. 
Lemon Wheat.— This is a beardless kind of 
medium size or rather small grain, from York 
Co., Penn. It is said to yield heavily and to 
bear stiff straw. 
Bennet Wheat. — Small, amber kernel; 
bearded head. From West Virginia. It is 
said to have stiff straw and to ripen with Fultz 
and make good flour. 
Washington Glass Wheat.— This is a 
beardless kind from Cumberland Co., Penn. 
It is said to be a strong grower and to yield 
well. The grains are of a light amber color and 
of good size. 
A Veteran’s Cheeky and Cheering 
TV ords. —Marshall P. Wilder concludes his 
starring address delivered before the Eight¬ 
eenth Session of the American Pomological 
Society, as follows: “In conclusion, gentle¬ 
men, let me express again the great gratifica¬ 
tion that your presence affords me, here in 
old Boston, here at my old homo, where, ere 
I shall cast off the thread bare covering 
of humanity, where this worn-out, frame and 
this tired brain shall rest under the shadow of 
mine own trees in yonder cemetery. But 
while my life is Spared, my earnest prayer 
will be for the perpetuation of our Society 
and the diffusion of its blessings to mankind. 
One after another of our friends will fall by 
the wayside, and ere long all of its founders 
will have joined those who have gone to that 
better land where fruits are immortal and 
whose harvests are eternal. But the progress 
of American pomology, rural economy, do¬ 
mestic comfort, and cultivated taste, which 
has been developed by our association, will 
continue its glorious march until all shall re¬ 
alize that fruits nro one of the most beautiful 
emblems of Divine beneficence—one of the 
most perfect and useful gifts of God to man." 
Jarring for the Cvrculio:—M r. J. J. 
Thomas says (Albany Cultivator) he has had 
annually largo crops of plums for the past 15 
years by the jariing process, the only harm 
which has come from it being that too heavy 
and unthinned crops injure the vigor of the 
trees. From about 30 trees, the man who did 
the work this year caught and destroyed from 
300 to 400 Cjuroulios a day for a few days, after 
which they were rapidly reduced in numbers. 
The most difficult fruit to protect is the nec¬ 
tarine, but no dilficulty has occurred in secur¬ 
ing loaded crops by the process he has ern- 
Saving Seed Corn.—A writer in the 
Prairie Farmer picks his seed corn and hangs 
it up in the smoke-house and smokes it just as 
he does his meat. He builds a good smoke 
every day until both corn and cob are perfect¬ 
ly dry- He is not afraid of getting it too dry, 
he says. It must be kept in a dry place until 
planting time, and where there is plenty of 
air. He is careful not to lot it heat in the 
shock before getting it hung up. When the 
weather is warm, com will heat in a heap so 
as to injure the germ. Ho has suved his seed 
corn in this way for the past '20 years, and it 
never fails to grow. 
base. This lessens the demand upon the roots, 
and enables the remaining buds to push with 
vigor. Cut off smoothly all bruised or broken 
roots up to the sound wood. In case of older 
trees of extra size, the pruning must be in 
proportiou; as a general thing it will be safe 
to shorten all the previous year’s shoots to 
three or four buds at their base, and where 
the branches are very numerous some may be 
cut out entirely. 
3d. Planting.—Dig holes, in the first place, 
large enough to admit the roots of the tree to 
spread out in their natural position; then, 
having the tree pruned as above directed, let 
one person hold it in an upright position and 
The Apple Crop.— It also says that the 
apple crop in Maine the present season is a 
bountiful one. In those counties not espec¬ 
ially adapted to fruit growing, there is 
no more than an average crop, and in some 
localities it falls below;but in the great fruit¬ 
growing belt of the State—Western York 
County, Cumberland, Oxford, Androscoggin, 
Franklin and Kennebec—the crop is abun¬ 
dant. Throughout this belt, with limited 
local exceptions, the Baldwin is the leading 
variety grown. In many towns there will be 
more of this variety halvested than ever be¬ 
fore in one season. In Sagadahoc, Knox, 
Waldo and Southern Penobscot the crop is a full 
average, but the Baldwin does not lead to the 
extent that it does in the counties first named. 
The apple crop in the great fruit-growing 
States outside of Maine is a light one. Michi¬ 
gan, through its highest authority, reports 
“ the shortest crop in many years.” Such is 
the scarcity in Illinois that “they are now 
selling for four to five times their usual price.” 
In New York the crop reports to the State 
Agricultural Society give apples “a light 
crop,” “a very light crop,” and in seven of 
the best fruit-growing counties “almost no 
crop.” An extended trip through the best 
apple sections of Massachusetts found the 
trees almost barren of fruit. 
lime tree moth,—see page 710.— fig. 493. 
Ions prices at which well developed fruit farms 
have exchanged hands in Western Michigan 
have led many to believe that it requires a 
large investment to enter the realm of success¬ 
ful fruit culture, says See. Garfield, in our es¬ 
teemed contemporary, the Michigan Farmer. 
It is only in cases where orchards have come 
into successful bearing and are returning a 
large income that the lands command extrav¬ 
agant prices. The fruit region of Michigan 
is extensive, and only a small part of the land 
available for the production of even the more 
tender finite has been improved. As good lo¬ 
cations can be secured to-day at rates varying 
from ten to twenty-five dollars per acre as 
those which have changed hands at from $200 
to $1,000 par acre after the plantations were 
in full bearing. 
Transplanting. —As the season for trans¬ 
planting has arrived, we give the following 
account of how the operation had best be 
done, from a late catalogue received from Ell- 
wanger & Barry, of Rochester, N. Y.: 
1st. The Preparation of the Boil.—For fruit 
trees the soil should be di'y, either naturally 
or made so by thorough drainage, as they 
will not live or thrive on a soil constantly 
saturated with stagnant moisture. It should 
also be well prepared hy twice plowing, at 
least, beforehand, using the subsoil plow after 
the common one, at the second plowing. On 
new, fresh lands, manuring will be unneces¬ 
sary; but on lands exhausted by cropping, 
fertilizers must be applied, either by turning 
in heavy crops of clover, or well decomposed 
manure or compost. To ensure a good growth 
of fruit trees, laud should be in as good con¬ 
dition as for a crop of wheat, corn, or pota¬ 
toes. 
2d. The Preparation of the Trees.—In re¬ 
gard to this important operation there are 
more fatal errors committed than in any 
other. As a general thing, trees are placed 
in the ground precisely ns they are sent from 
the nursery. In removing a tree, no matter 
how carefully it may be done, a portiou of 
the roots are broken and destroyed, and con¬ 
sequently the balance that existed iu the 
structure of the tree is deranged. This must 
be restored by a propel* pruning, adapted to 
the size, form and condition of the tree, as 
follows: 
Standard Orchard Trees.—These, as sent 
from the nursery, vary from fivo to seven 
feet in hight, with naked stems or trunks, 
and a number of branches at the top forming 
ahead. These brunches should be all cut 
back to within three or four buds of their 
respect as they did in the nursery. Trees on 
dwarf stocks should stand so that all the stock 
be under the ground, and no more. In very 
dry, gravelly ground, the holes should be dug 
twice the usual Size an l depth, and filled in 
with good loamy soil, 
4th. Staking.—If trees are tall and much 
exposed to winds, a stake should bo planted 
with the tree, to which it should be tied in 
such a manner as to avoid chafing. A piece of 
matting or cloth may be put between the tree 
and the stake, 
5th. Mulching.—When the tree is planted, 
throw around it as far as the roots extend, and 
a foot beyond, five or six inches deep of rough 
manure or litter. This is particularly neces¬ 
sary in dry ground, and is highly advan¬ 
tageous everywhere, both in Spring and in 
Fall planting. It preveuts the ground from 
baking or cracking - , and maintains an equal 
temperature about the roots. 
fith. After Culture.—-The grass should not 
be allowed to grow around young trees after 
being planted, as it stunts their growth and 
utterly ruins them. The ground should be 
kept clean and loose around them, until, at 
least, they are of bearing size. 
Snails and Truffles in France.— The 
trade in snails and truffles in the Paris mar¬ 
kets is enormous, and something that the out¬ 
side world can scarcely understand. It is 
stated that about 90,000 pounds of snails are 
sent to the Paris market daily from the gar¬ 
dens of Poitou, Burgundy and Provence, 
where the breeding of this mollusk is made a 
specialty. Tim natural delicate flavor of their 
flesh is improved by feeding them on aromatic 
herbs. In other parts of France truffles are 
produced in vast quantities, and the total 
value of the entire product is estimated at 
from 18,000,000 to 20,000,000 francs - . Neither 
of these Industries has as yet been introduced 
into this country. Snail culture might be 
readily undertaken, but the propagation of 
the truffle is as yet somewhat of a mystery. 
Handling Apples. —The Maine Board of 
Agriculture concludes a bulletin as follows: 
Fruit growers may reasonably expect fairlv 
remunerative prices for all the apples they 
can put upon the market in good order. Pick 
before heavy frosts, anil before over-ripening, 
handle with extreme «i c: store in cool cel¬ 
lars, and guard against extremes of tempera¬ 
ture By r observing these precautions they 
may be kept, if desired, till late in the season 
without loss,^or till the trade calls for them. 
— — — * » uci 
com is worth 30 cents per bushel, it pays tc 
convert it into pork, if the latter sells for 
per 100 pounds. With com at 40 cents, port 
should sell at $4 per 100 pounds; corn at 5( 
cents, pork $5; and so on, adding $1 to pork 
for every increase of 10 cents per bushel ir 
com. This is the estimate placed on the rela¬ 
tive prices of these two articles by the Prairie 
Fanner. If the pork sells for less than is rep 
resented by the corresponding price of com 
it is fed at a loss; if more, the advance is profil 
—in each case regarding the manure as pay 
for the trouble. 
A London paper says, as to the term “cor¬ 
nering:” “We are greatly indebted to our 
American cousins for supplying us with terms 
which express in one word the meaning ol 
half a dozen sentences.".Clare 
Sew'ell Read thinks every' fanner who make: 
even the roughest experiments should give 
the results to the public, stilting 'faithfully 
failure or success.Some men 
make you feel as though the warm sun had 
just broken through the clouds, while other; 
make you feel as though a sudden east wind, 
with its arms full of a cold fog, had caught 
you with too thin clothing on. 
Sample copies, posters etc., of the Rurai 
New-Yorker will be sent free to all who ap 
ply. Let all who can do it without telling a 
story, speak a good word for the Rural. ’ A 
good word is the next thing to a subscrip 
Hon.Why not eat woodchuck 
It is a cleanly creature that feeds on clovei 
and similar forage. A New-Yorker w - ho en 
tertained this view invited some friends tc 
dine, and served them with meat of this neg¬ 
lected farm stock, prepared in different 
ways, and they, nut being prejudiced by 
knowledge 
character of the 
past, pronounced it, “delicious.”—Fo 
and Health.Mr. John 
Phelps of Conn., according to The Farmer 
that State, inculcates in his boys a love 
country life and the paternal acres in this w 
—which is as sensible as it is effective: “ ] 
rents them plots of ground for potatoes a: 
tomatoes; sells them manure to enrich th< 
crops, taking pay in labor; teaches them 
make their own sales, keep their own accour 
and carry their own ‘scrip’ etc., etc.”— 
Y. Tribune..Speaking of Venu 
Fly-Trap (Dionoea muscipula) Dr. Thurb 
tells the following* “ The sashes of the gree 
house, in Summer, are, of course, open, and i 
sects of all sorts get caught in the Fly-tra 
The other day a “ potato-bug” tried it. T 
rascal was caught, but though it gnawed 
h"le through the fly'-trap, I am glad to sj 
that it did not get out. Dionoea was quite t 
much for Doryphora. Still the catching 
such big insects seems to exhaust the Fly-tra 
and after a leaf lias caught on*', it loses 
sensitiveness.Unfortunate! 
the trade in chemical manures is not confiu 
to honorable houses, says a noted Freuehma 
M, Marchaud, and therefore your self-in ten 
dictates that you should be especially care! 
not to imperil your success by purchase 
manures which unprincipled dealers offer n 
dor imposing titles and perhaps eveu false c 
scmptiGns, with the intention of deceivi 
you, that they may thereby enrich themselvi 
.J• K. Hudson has resigned 1 
position as Secretary of the Kansas Ste 
The Society of Public Analysts of Grea 
Britain and Ireland have adopted as a standard 
for the poorest pure milk, 9 per cent, of eolids 
minus fats, and 3.5 per cent, of fate—a total 
of 11.5 per cent, of solids. There is little doubt 
that milk containing less than this percentage 
of solids is watered or skimmed. 
