ii^niiuiuiiiiiiuuj9|]£)Uf ,l,,l UUi^ 
(PRICE SIX CENT* 
<. P2.50 PER YEAR. 
[Entered aecordinir to Act of Congress, in the year 1877, by the Rural Publishing Company, in the oiflee of the Librarian of Congress at "Washington.] 
visablo to dispense with the ordinary certificates 
and other evidences of human testimony, and 
also whether such a practice has been to any 
extent adopted by the judges at our Agricul¬ 
tural Fairs in this country ? 
Richmond, Ya. O. B. Judd. 
Remarks. —It is now more than twenty years 
since the theory of M. Francis Guenon for de¬ 
termining tho milking qualities of cows from the 
escutcheon or milk mirror was given to the 
American public. Tho leading principles laid 
down by Guenon we havo alwayB regarded as 
exceedingly valuable In selecting good milch 
oowb, but wo have not been accustomed to rely 
upon tho escutcheon alone or independent of 
other distinguished characteristics, nor do wo 
know of any State, county or town agricultural 
society that has instructed its judges at fairs 
to accept Guenon's theory as tho Hole guide for 
determining awards for tho best milk cows on 
exhibition. 
Guenon’s classification is very elaborate, so 
much so that few, unless by long study and ex¬ 
perience, will havo been able to master the sys¬ 
tem without confusion, to say tho least. He 
cnmatancos, it will answer as well as one en¬ 
tirely original. 
Tho Sanborn Factory is of sufficient capacity 
to accommodate the milk of 200 or more cows. 
The building is 75 feet long, 80 wide, ami three 
stories high above tho basement. The manu¬ 
facturing department is in the basement and 
the curing-rooms above. On tho first floor above 
the basement a living room, bedroom, pantry, 
etc., are finished off for the' accommodation of 
tho manufacturer. Tho cost of the building, 
including heaters and all other necessary appa¬ 
ratus, was $6,000. 
Of course the cost of such a building will vary 
Romewhat in different localities, according to 
tho price of materials employed In its construc¬ 
tion, labor, and tho distance from tho manufac¬ 
tories of tho apparatus used, such as vats, 
tanks, scales, etc. 
Wherever a butter or cheese factory has been 
erected in any good grain or grazing region, and 
been properly conducted, it has usually become 
quito popular, because a better article can bo 
turned out #mu by the old, individual system of 
making such farm products. 
SELECTING GOOD MILCH COWS 
Aizraouon personally a stranger to you, I havo 
long known you by reputation, and now desiring 
to obtain Information which few are competent 
to give, I take tho liborty to ask the favor of 
you. 
A matter now under consideration in tho Vir¬ 
ginia State Agricultural Society has given rise to 
the question whether “ Guenon’s Theory of the 
Milk-giving Properties of Cows " can be fairly 
and safely used by judges at Agricultural Fairs 
to determine tho quantity and quality of tho 
cow’s milk, and tho duration of her milking pe¬ 
riod, from the escutcheon and general milk marks 
alone, independent, and exclusive of all other 
evidence? Whether, in a caso where several 
animalB are competing for the premium offerod 
for tho beet dairy cow, somo of which are dry at 
the time of tho exhibition, tho comparative 
qualities and relativo merits of the several ani¬ 
mals can bo most accurately determined and a 
rcliablo judgment formed by an examination of 
their respective escntcheons and general milk 
marks, in so much as to make it proper and ad- 
PLANS FOR CHEESE FACTORY 
We have been discussing tho feasibility of 
erecting a Cheese Factory in our neighborhood, 
and are in want of a plan and estimate as to tho 
cost of a building which would bo sufficient to 
work up the mills of 250 cows. 
Can tho Rural New-Yorker give us any in¬ 
formation on the subject and oblige a number 
of interested readers residing in this county ? 
Yours, respectfully, j. e. s. 
Marion Co., Oregon. 
We can scarcely do better than present for 
your consideration the accompanying illustration 
and description of one of tho noted improved 
cheese factories of Western New York, known as 
the Sanborn Factory. It is much superior to 
some of the earlier attempts in erecting such 
structures, and perhaps, with some slight altera¬ 
tions, which will suggest themselves for the pur¬ 
pose of better adaptation to locations and cir- 
5 ?^ 
