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ssm. 43 
THE BUBAL HEW-YORR 
Bucii a lunch house hitched ou 
ho hard to be Boon. 
“ Valuable auxiliary" 
Of these 45 were for the United States and were 
distributed among the States in tko following 
order: To New York, 21; Wisconsin, 20; Penn¬ 
sylvania. 3; Ohio, 1. Tko recommendations for 
Canada wero 49, and tho rest for other countries. 
Tko cheese shown by the United States, was 
not very uniform in quality, some of it being of 
great excellence and some quite ordinary. The 
cheese of tho highest order was confined to no 
particular locality, though, our own State took 
the lead in the proportion of such cheese shown. 
Among tho best cheese from tho States wore 
samples from factories of Dr. L. L. Wight. 
Oneida Co.. N. Y.; F.. C. Rick, Herkimer Co., N. 
Y.; M. N. Seward, Lake Mills, Wia.; and J. O. 
Holman of Conneautville, Tenti., all of which 
wore graded 95 per cent, of perfection. Tho 
best exhibit was shown by C. W. Richardson 
of Herkimer, N. Y., and was graded 96 per 
cent." 
“ Tho factory cheoso from Canada was also 
quite uneven. Some of it ran very low, and 
Borne very high, making the oxtremes fur¬ 
ther apart than in tho cheese from the States. 
But its average was higher. The cheese pre¬ 
sented hi October, by lion, Thomas Ballan- 
tyne, M. P., in which till peculiarity of Ched- 
dar-make was most successfully curried out, was 
the finest of any shown during the entire 
season, and was graded at 100. It was awarded 
the Sweepstakes price, offered by the Canadian 
Government. The averages of tho October 
exhibits of cheese wore as follows: -Canada, 
87 36-100 ; Herkimer Co., N. Y., 81 76-100; New 
York State, 79 05-100; United States, 76 82-100.” 
Mr. Arnold thus alludes to the 11 Soup De¬ 
partment” of tho model cheese and butter 
factory. Ho says.;—“A part of the upper 
story was occupied with rooms for officers and 
committees; a part with a cheap lunch-room 
for dairymen and others which proved to be a 
needed and valuable auxiliary to the depart¬ 
ment." This will bo news to many dairymen 
who subscribed funds for the display of butter 
and ohoese at tho Centennial, and it will require 
cogent reasons to couvinco tho subscribers to 
the fund that their money has not been sadly 
misapplied in turning the “ model factory” into 
a cheap lunch-hom o. This we regard as one of 
tho .most disgraceful acts of the committee in 
charge. How the dairy public could he bene¬ 
fited. or the display of cheese and butter pro 
motod by having 
to the factory, it will 
“Needed” by whom? 
to whom? These are questions which Mr. 
Arnold and the fivo members of the committee, 
who managed this dairy display, will he called 
upon to answer. 
It is well known that the Centennial Commis¬ 
sion made a charge of thousands of dollars to 
parties for tho concession of running restaurants. 
The commission granted a concession to the 
dairymen without charge, because it was repre¬ 
sented that tho profits, accruing from such an 
affair, would bo used for promoting tho display 
—in paying for erecting the building and in giving 
special prizes for meritorious displays. But tho 
wise committee of tho American Dairymen's 
Association, when they got control, forgot all 
about, these promises, and claim that they gave 
all the profits and avails of the concern to YD. 
Branding, who had been paid 810,000 for erect¬ 
ing the structure. If Mr. Arnold, YD. Haw¬ 
ley, and other members of tho committee slept 
and lived right in the butter and choose factory, 
tho cheap restaurant might he a “needed and 
valuable auxiliary ” to them. If YD. Branding 
took all the profits, it must have been a “ valu¬ 
able auxiliary to him.” But tho dairy public 
would he glad to know ho w it has been benefited, 
and they would be glad also, no doubt, to have 
an accurate statement of the profits from this 
concern. 
Now it is well known that the principal reason, 
for erecting a choose and butter building on the 
grouuda, was for tho purpose of having the 
cheese and butter rooms properly refrigerated, 
so as to keep cheese and butter in good order 
daring hot weather, and also to servo, as a 
model to dairymen, so that they could introduce 
the plan into the factories of the country. It 
was understood also, that men were to be kept 
at this factory to take charge and care of cheese 
and butter, devoting their entire attention to 
the work, and to be paid out of tho funds sub¬ 
scribed and raised. 
Room was offered by the Centennial Commis¬ 
sion, and Horticultural Hall could have been 
had for the purpose of the display free, but for 
the reasons named, dairymen were willing to 
subscribe and have a building of their own 
erected. Does not YD. Arnold know that these 
were the facts, and that the whole sum raised 
has been squandered, eo far as any benefit to 
the dairy interest is concerned ? The only bene¬ 
fit that we can see that has accrued from this 
fund is to Mr. Blandino, the architect and 
proprietor of the •' soup and lunch depart¬ 
ment,” together with the five or six members of 
the dairy committee who ran the whole thing, 
drawing on the funds raised, for then - expenses 
which we understand xvill use up a large part 
of the subscriptions paid in by dairymen. 
Does not YIr. Arnold know- that not a dollar 
of subscriptions could have been wrung from 
dairymen, or the factories, had they had the 
remotest idea of its misapplication in this way ? 
If this management constitutes a success, it is a 
success which the dairymen of the country will 
be very likely to remember in the future, when 
asked to contribute funds for a public object 
claimed, lo he for their interest. After Mr. 
Arnold had closed tho reading of his report, 
YIr. Holukrt of Chemung, took exception to 
the manner in which tho Jurors had given 
awards. Several packages of Chemung County 
butter having boon passed over without notice, 
YIr. Hot BERT took those packages to New York, 
together with samples of the butter winch had 
received prizes, and on their examination, by 
noted experts, the prize butters wero pronounced 
inferior to the Chemung samples. IIo asked 
YD. Arnold to explain, etc. Butter-inakors 
w'ero rather surprised at YD. Arnold's answer, 
and especially at tho statement that there was 
“no standard for fine butter,” that “Chicago, 
Boston. New York, Philadelphia, had all a 
different standard, and that fino butter, 
if tested by experts, would bo essentially 
different in the different localities.” 
This certainly is a very strange statement to 
be made by a distinguished exponent of dairy 
science, for if wo havo no standard for fine 
butter, makers might as well stop taking council 
about improving their product and set up their 
own standard of excellence. Mr. Arnold’s 
paper w as quite well written, and appeared to be 
a laborious effort to sustain the work of Mr. 
Scoville and his committee of fivo. 
THE AMERICAN DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIA¬ 
TION IN CANADA. 
There is wide and general dissatisfaction ex- 
pressed by dairymen of New York and other 
States at. the announcement, that tho American 
Dairymen’s Convention is to be held this year 
in Canada. Tho fact, that many of the Vice- 
Presidents of the Association, who make up the 
Executive Committee havo not been consulted, 
while it is understood that the President Gov. 
Seymour proposed that tho meeting should be 
held at some point in the valley of tho Mohawk, 
calls for some explanation ou tho part »f the 
Secretary for this unwarranted proceeding, In 
which he takes upon himself the responsibility 
of carrying tho Convention outside the limits of 
tho States, and against the wishes of the great 
body of dairymen who have been active members 
or the Association from the first. 
There are several reasons, why Messrs. Arnold, 
Hcoville, Harris Lewis, and I,. T. Hawley & 
C. , should desire that the Convention bo hold 
in Canada. A report of tho Centennial dairy 
matter, including tho disposition of funds sub¬ 
scribed for tho dairy display at tho Centennial, 
as well as the building and management of the 
cheese and butter factory on the Centennial 
grounds, is to lie made, and the making of this 
report will not he so embarrassing before an 
audience of Canadian dairymen, us before the 
dairymen of tho United States. TIhih, the 
" Centennial Dairy Ring,” by carrying tho Con¬ 
vention into Canada, hope to escape tho censure 
of our dairymen. We think it would havo been 
wiser for YIr. Arnold, and the other members 
of the “ Centennial Dairy Ring," had they 
boldly met the issues in this matter before the 
assembled dairymen of the United States, in¬ 
stead of dodging behind Canadians, who arc 
unacquainted with the Ring’s w'ork. 
Touching this matter, we givo tho following 
communication, taken from a recent number of 
tho Utica Herald. It is from YD. Robert 
YIcAdam, a distinguished dairymen of CenDal 
New York, a gentleman favorably known for his 
writings on dairy matters, not only in this 
country but in Europe. He says: 
“ It is officially announced that the Convention 
of the American Dairymen's Association will he 
held at Digersoll, Canada, in 1877. This an¬ 
nouncement is certainly a surprise and disap¬ 
pointment to tho dairymen of New York State, 
who were quietly behoving that the mission and 
work of organization were still far from being 
accomplished. But lot the decree has gone 
forth. Oar sapient and far-sighted executive 
has decided the matter. Nothing more is 
needed! Wo are educated Up to tho highest 
point, which wo are in tho present time capable 
of comprehending, at least until some new 
development occurs. Tho last invaders of 
Canada, the Fenians met rather a hot reception 
there. There is little doubt that our executive 
will bo differently Dented. Tint is the executive 
dealing fairly with Anaericau dairymen ? Were 
they not entitled to bo consulted before this 
“ now departure” was carried out? Are a few 
peripatetic caterers whom the dairymen have 
allowed to monopolize the executive, entitled to 
arrogate functions which are evidently beyond 
any powers entrusted to them by then’ constitu¬ 
ency ? And propably to evade criticism of their 
Centennial burlesque, they invite their constitu¬ 
ents to follow them, in the depths of winter into 
the snows of Canada, to listen to their threadbare 
theories and hackneyed speculations. Canadians 
may justly boast of not only vanquishing Ameri¬ 
can dairymen at their own Centennial, but 
of capturing them executive and endangering 
the existence of the American Dairymen’s Asso¬ 
ciation. 
“Dahymen have come to look upon the 
annual Convention as a permanent and neces¬ 
sary reunion, whose proper place of meeting is 
in tho Mohawk Valley. Hero employers and 
employed met for mutual instruction, as well as 
to form engagements for the future, to transact 
business, to renew old friendships and form now 
ones. And now almost on tho eve of meeting, 
appointments made havo to bo broken, expectant 
friends will not meet, situations will be more 
difficult to find or got filled, and suspense and 
discontent are general among dairymen. And 
now they look to tho Herald to rebuke tho 
audacity of those who have abused tho privileges 
of their office by transferring to a foreign village 
tho Convention of the American Dairymen’s 
Association." 
These remarks, from Mr. McAdam arc well 
put, and they doubtless express tho views of a 
very large number of dairymen in tho United 
States. 
THE CHEDDAR VALLEY. 
In Somerset Co., West of England, bounded 
on the north ami oast by the Ytendip Hills, on 
the south by tho Quanfcooks, ami on the west by 
the Bristol Channel, lies tho fertile valley from 
which the far-famed Cheddar chooao derives its 
name. This splemlid tract of pasture land is 
watered by three small streams the Axo, the 
Brae, and tho Parrott- and is nearly on a dead 
level, undulating but slightly toward these 
water courses. Cheddar itself, from which the 
name was primarily taken, is a little village of 
scarcely 1,000 inhabitants, noted far and wide 
for its magnificent subterranean caves, with 
their stalactites and stalagmites, once viBitcd by 
the Prince of Wales (of which fact (lie proprie¬ 
tors arc in no wise slow to boast), and for a ro- 
markftblo rift in the Mondip Hills known as 
Cheddar Cliffs. Through tins natural chasm, 
supposed at some remoto time to havo been the 
work of air-earthquake, runs a public carriage 
road of hard macadam, which, though very 
steep, is still passable. Reaching up to a bight 
of some COO feet, almost perpendicularly, on 
either side, and shaped so as to exactly fit into 
each other, could they again be brought to¬ 
gether, these gigantic walls of limestone, look¬ 
ing as though some mighty Titan had oloft them 
asunder with his sword to make a passage for 
his army, form an object of great interest to 
the tourist. 
The soil of Cheddar Valley is a rich, dark 
loam, roachiug in some places to a depth of 
eighteen inches, on a clay bottom, and the best 
lands are usually found along tho rivers on 
either side. On tho bankB of the Parrott lios 
She moat fertile stretch of pasture land En¬ 
gland contains, comprising nearly 7,000 acres, 
known as the Pawett Hams, and let every year 
at public auction. Tho annual rental averages 
835 per aero, and tho happy possessor of this 
snug fortune Is Lord ds Mauley, in a majority 
of instances tins land is used for grazing rather 
than milking purpose, the conditions under 
which it is rented allowing nothing but sheep to 
be pastured thereon during tho rainy Reason 
from Nov. 1 to April 1. An idea of its produc¬ 
tiveness may bo gathered from the fact that 
prominent graziers from all parts of the county 
invest largo sums of money annually in tho 
rental of those lots at tho rate above given, 
making it pay to purchase cattle (generally 
Devon steers) to pasture upon it, and by the 
amount of flesh produced realize, not only the 
rent for tho owner, but a large profit for them- 
boDoh. Tho greater part of the valley, however, 
is divided up into small farms of from one to 
two hundred acres each, and rented ou leases, 
varying from three to twenty years in length, to 
tenant farmers, in but few instances the occu¬ 
pier being his own landlord. Very little of this 
land is arable (probably not one-tenth), as it 
j>ny s much 1 sitter for pasture than for grain, its 
extra productiveness running in most instances 
all to sDaw, instead of heads. 
The hay crop is a very heavy one, in some 
cases as much as four tons per acre being pro¬ 
duced, while two and a half or three tons is not, 
in a good season, considered an exceptional 
yield. 
Orchard land occupies, perhaps, one-twentieth 
of its entire acreage, the fruit being grown spe¬ 
cially for cider—of which large quantities are 
consumed—rather than for edible or marketable 
purposes. 
The lots are fenced by ditches some eight or 
ton feet wide and six or eight deep, which, being 
nearly full of water, form an impassable barrier 
in the path of any animal not a confirmed 
jumper. Ponds are provided with well-stoned, 
nicely-shelving watering-places, where the cat- 
tlo go up and down to drink, in every field, thus 
obviating the necessity of their drinking from 
the ditches and impairing the condition of the 
banks, or being driven to water at a distance. 
The cows in t his district, as indeed in the greater 
part of England, are of the Short-Horn breed, 
and tho cheese is mostly made ut homo by the 
farmers’ wives, factories being as yet tho excep¬ 
tion rather than tho rule in “ Morrie England.” 
Son of a Farmer. 
-♦-*-*- 
VERMONT DAIRYMEN. 
The eighth winter meeting of the Vermont 
State Dairymen's Association will bo held at 
Burlington on the 17th, I8th, and 19th inst. 
The programme for tho meeting is not yet fnlly 
completed, but tho Secretary, YIr. O. S. Buss, 
announces tho following speakers, who havo 
been engaged to make addresses on the occa¬ 
sion : 
Prof. Noah Cuekby, YI. D., Veterinarian, 
whoso original topic was “ Diseased Germs,” 
has lately proposed to substitute two others, if 
desired, namely, “ Diseases of Dairy Cows’ 
and the “ Higher Education of Farmers.” YIr. 
X. A. Willard of the Rural New-Yorker —topic 
not yet announced j YD. A. YV. Chekver of tho 
New England Farmer, on tho “ Soiling of Dairy 
Cows;” Prof. Wktherel of tho American Cul¬ 
tivator, on “Experimental Stations” and “Ex¬ 
perimental FarmsYD. William Cooley of 
Watorbury Center will describe his series of ex¬ 
periments in sotting milk for cream, by which 
ho claims to have (Uncovered a method of getting 
all tins butter of the milk In loss than twelve 
hours’ time, thuB onabling dairymen to dispense 
with three-fourths of all the rooms, fixtures and 
appliances of setting milk. Ho proposes to ex¬ 
hibit ills process in actual operation. Other re¬ 
ports of experiments in setting milk, in compe¬ 
tition for tho Allen Prize Refrigerator, worth 
860, are expected. Several of tho members of 
the Association will prepare papers, and it is 
confidently expected that, this meeting of the 
Association will not only bo the best of the 
series, but the most interesting and most valu¬ 
able of the season. 
-- 
THE RISING OF CREAM AFFECTED BY 
PREVAILING WINDS. 
A Butter-maker of large experience, who has 
kept record of tho influence of atmospheric 
changes ou tho rising of cream, gives tho follow¬ 
ing as llio result of a Reason’s experience in 
setting milk for butter in Central New York. 
Tho milk is treated on the cold water plan, the 
temperature being held, as nearly as possible, at 
60° Fahrenheit. When the wind is northwest 
or north, tho most cream rises, and it is in tho 
best condition for butter. Tho next best condi¬ 
tion of tho atmosphere is when tho wind is 
west; tho third best condition is when tho wind 
is east; tho fourth when it is south, and tho 
worst of all when tho wind is southeast. 
Homo years since, Mr. S. E. Lewis of Oxford, 
stated, in his address before tho N. Y. Htato 
Dairymen's Association, that milk knows the 
southeast wind sooner than tho dairyman. If 
these statements bo correct, it is evident the 
question of atmospheric influence on tho rising 
of cream is one of some interest, and demands 
more attention than it lifts received at the hands 
of dairymen. It. is possible that different re¬ 
sults would be obtained in widely-separated lo¬ 
calities, and we should bo glad to havo dairymen 
in different sections give a statement of their 
experiences or observations in this matter. 
£ |J oultrjr garii.. 
DUCKS WITH POULTRY. 
In this world it is a very easy thing to stum¬ 
ble into trouble that could be avoided by the 
exercise of a little forethought or observation. 
A few days ago, while calling on a neighbor, 
he asked me to look at his fowls, as they were all 
sick. It was winter, and tho weather severe. The 
fowls were all in a good warm basement, with 
glazed windows, and nicely opening to the south¬ 
ern sun; but in the place there wero, along with 
the fowls, some ducks puddling in and out of 
the drinking water and soft food, and nastily be¬ 
fouling both. This I at once suspected to be the 
cause of the prevailing sickness. The ducks 
were removed and the vessels for food and water 
so made that tho bu ds could uot walk into them. 
After fumigating and cleaning the place, the 
stock rapidly recovered. 
This winter my own ducks took a fancy to one 
of my poultry-houses, which was wrarmer than 
their own quarters. As they seemed to enjoy tho 
uico, warm, sunny place. I thought 1 would let 
them stay thero, provided they did not interfere 
with the hons. I watched the result. Of course, 
the first thing they would have dot^ would be 
to flounder in and out of the drinking water for 
