>CA-S DEU. 
VOL,. XXXV. No. 6. ) 
WHOLE No. 1411. J 
NEW YORK CITY, FEBRUARY 10. 1877._ 
pifotofWi g/'pr.rfiinfr to Apt nf Oninmts3. la by tho Rural Publishing Company, in the office of tho Librarian of Congress at Washington.] 
(PRICE CENTS. 
1 f'3.50 PEiv YEAR. 
®(k prtamn. 
JERSEY OR ALDERNEY CATTLE. 
The Jersey, Alderney, and Guernsey cattle 
receive their names from a group of islands on 
the Normandy coast, in the British Channel, 
where they have been brought to their present 
state of perfection through careful selection 
during a long series of years. Yocatt speaks of 
them as one breed and under the name of Aldcr- 
neys, hut some of our more recent authors claim 
that Jerseys is a more appropriate name for all, 
as it is not claimed that tho cattle on the differ¬ 
ent islands of tho group are really distinct 
breeds, but through selections and long-contin¬ 
ued interbreeding there have come to be distinct 
strains among tho “Jerseys.” as among tho 
Short-Horns. By some it ia claimed that those 
from the Island of Jersey aro better than those 
from Guernsey, and they also differ somewhat 
in form and color. 
In the accompanying illustrations, animals 
from both tho islands of Jersey and Gnernsey 
are shown. The upper group represents JerseyB 
and the two lower llgures models of pure-bred 
cows from the Island of Jersey. 
Tho Guernseys, as here sbowu, aro white and 
yellow, the markings consisting of large splashes 
or spots of white, while the Jerseys are of a 
mulberry-fawn, whitb a very faint white shading 
upon different parts of the body. But under 
the present rules governing the importation and 
breeding of tho Alderneys, both would be ad¬ 
mitted as of equal purity, as such variations in 
color are not a disqualification; but mere fancy 
or fashion leada different breeders to select one 
or tho other. 
The Jerseys are certainly rich milkers, but do 
not give as large a quantity as some other 
breeds, and while there is a certain neatness and 
gentleness about their appearance which is quite 
attractive, they are very defective inform, being 
hollow in the neck, prominent in the shoulders 
and hips, and altogether what may he termed an 
“ angular ” animal, requiring the beat of care to 
keep them in good condition. When well-fat¬ 
tened, the flesh of the Jerseys is flue-grained 
and excellent, making good beef, still no one 
well-acquainted with the breed would think of 
selecting it for the shambles. At present the 
Jerseys are very popular an a butter breed, and 
deservedly ao, but for the ordinary farmer who 
desires animals for all purposes, we think there 
are more profitable breeds ; still, by introducing 
the Jersey blood among the native stock, espe¬ 
cially where dairying is the principal object, a 
great improvement can be made in the quality 
of the mUlt. 
Half-breeds, as a rule, will suit the ordinary 
farmer better than thorough-breds, yielding a 
larger quantity of milk per cow, even if not up 
to the highest standard in quality, besides giving 
an auimal better adapted to general purposes. 
Of course uomomust keep pure-bred animals, in 
order to have a proper starting - point from 
which to procure grades, consequently every en¬ 
couragement should bo given to those men who 
Bpend money and time in obtaining and keeping 
the best and purest stock. 
We often receive complaints of the high prices 
asked for pure-bred, registered Jerseys, but of 
course, as with everything else, supply and de¬ 
mand rule tho market. If the breeders of such 
Btock could not obtain the prioeB demanded, they 
would bo compelled to lower them; therefore, 
no one call reasonably complain of the high 
rates at which these animals are held by our 
best breeders. 
Fashiou may have something to do with popu¬ 
larizing the Jerseys, still they do possess valu¬ 
able properties which will over makothem rank 
I very high as a butter breed of cattle, but never 
I rank with the Short-Horns for tho shambles, or 
beef for towns, and on the farm. 
Dainj |)itsbani)ni. 
APPARATUS FOR FACTORY AND *\ARM 
DAIRY. 
This community is desirous of forming an 
association for the manufacture of cheese. Wo 
have *• run to wheat” until many of tho farmers 
are in debt and their farms badly run. Honco 
tho farmers are not in condition to Btart on a 
largo scale. They will probably not havo more 
than one hundred cows this year, but itopo soon 
to reach three hundred. Wo aro inexperi¬ 
enced, and shall doubtless expend money to 
poor advantage without intelligent advice. 
Will you inform us what apparatus we had 
better get for a factory of ouo hundred cows, 
with the view of increasing to three hundred ? 
We wish to start as economically eh is con¬ 
sistent with success, and desire to secure 
tmeh apparatus as will servo us best for tho 
outlay. Will you be so kind as to tell us what 
apparatus you think we had bettor get, giving 
the names of some of tho principal manufac¬ 
turers. and where you think it would bo most 
judicious for us to deal ? 
If the association is not formed, I shall open 
a dairy of some twenty-five cows on my farm 
this season, with the view of keeping thirty-five 
tJBal 
■ 
jgigfj 
mk 
cows next season. What apparatus had I better 
get for this dairy, if it Bhould come to this ? 
A. H. Brayton. 
La Crescent, Houston Co., Minn. 
Remarks. —In building a faotory where there 
is every probability that the number of cows 
from which milk is delivered will bo soon in¬ 
creased from 100 to 300, wo should arrange 
buildings for the latter number, anil perhaps it 
would he well to have some ol’ the apparatus 
large enough to accommodate a still further ex¬ 
pansion, Thus wo should start with a Btoam 
boiler adapted to the work of from 800 to 400 
cows, with gang press and cheeso vats of tho 
usual size (COO gallons). Thcso aro articles that 
last a long time, and as they aro the most ex¬ 
pensive of any of the fixtures, it is well to have 
them of sufficient capacity, so as not to require 
changing. 
A three-horse power boiler, with fittings com¬ 
plete, will cost about 6180, and a 600-gallon vat 
from 680 to $85, which will include inside steam 
pipes. As tho number of cows increases, other 
vat s may bo added as required. Tho gang press 
is provided with hoops of a peculiar make, which 
are sold with the press, and the press is arranged 
so as to accommodate a Bmall or largo number 
of cows. The gang press is such an improve¬ 
ment oyer the old stylo of screw presses that wo 
should advise its ubo in preference to tho old 
style. Tho moMt popular size of hoops ia from 
| lij-6 to 15 inches in diameter, making a cheese 
(eheddar style) of from 50 to 60 pounds. Tho 
gang press, including UoopB, etc., is sold, wo 
believe, at the rate ol' about 614 per hoop. 
Curd sinks cost from $20 to 635. Then there 
will bo needed one COQ-lb. platform scale, 625; 
a 60-gallon weighing can, 615 i milk conductor, 
62.50; curd knives, perpendicular and horizon¬ 
tal, 614; hoisting crane, complete, 614; tin 
milk conductor, 63.50; factory slate, doublo 
wood back, 61 ; curd agitator, 82; largo dipper, 
82; whey syphon, with gate and valve, 62.50; 
whey strainer, or syphon and strainer, 61.25; 
15-galion rennet jar, 65 ; 12-gallon annatto jar, 
84; milk-testing instruments, test jars and lac¬ 
tometer, 84; and quite a number of small arti¬ 
cles, such as stencil plates fov marking cheeso, 
thermometer, rubber mop, floor funnel, tlu 
pails, cheese tryer, factory aocount hooks, eto., 
etc. A curd mill will coat 820. There are a 
large number of factories that do not use it. 
FARM DAIRY FIXTURES. 
For a cheese dairy of from 30 to 35 cows there 
will be needed a self-heating vat, say, of about 
