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VOL,. XXXV. No. 11. > 
WHOLE No. 1116. / 
NEW YORK CITY, MARCH 17 , 1877 . 
(PRICE SIX CENTS* 
( *».50 PER YEAR. 
[Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1877, by the Rural Publishing Company, in the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.] 
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DOUBLE DWELLINGS. 
Although as a general rule no one house is 
large enough for two families, still it frequently 
occurs that two parties may build a double 
dwelling for mutual benefit at a less cost than 
separate buildings, Tu the two accompanying 
illustrations we give elevations of double houses 
of the same size. Fig. 1 is in the Gothic and 
Fig- 2 in the Italian style: both are designed for 
the same floor plans, although they may be di¬ 
vided to suit cue's taste or convenience. 
The first floor is shown in Fig. 3, and. as will 
be seen, is divided into three rooms. Parlor 
(a). 12x1 tl feet: stair hall (b), 1% feet wide; 
pantry (p); dining-room (*). 12x13 feet, with 
closet; kitchen (d), 10x15 feet: (/.•) is a back 
porch ; (</), a side porch; (l), a paved walk. 
The second floor may be arranged in the same 
manner, having three good chambers, and a 
bath-room over the front end of the hall. 
Either of those designs, well executed, will 
make a neat aud convenient house for a small 
family. 
The arrangement of the grounds, street trees 
and flower-beds, with vegetable garden in the 
rear, is also shown. Variations in the arrange¬ 
ments can of course be made to su,t individual 
tastes in such matters, but the design shown is a 
very pretty and tasty one, and when the beds are 
well filled, but few persons would find much 
room for criticism. 
fomo logical. 
but very many stocks that wo see planted out 
have Lecu grown from cuttings 18 inches long, 
which have hence developed a straggling, in¬ 
formed system of roots only attached to the 
stem at considerable intervals. These may bo 
termed “good enough;” but nothing is good 
about the Junction of bud and stock, productive 
of a largo callous round-about, that is apt. to 
develop into an unnatural swelling, eventually 
destructive to the life of the tree. Grafting se¬ 
cures a more regular and natural interchange of 
growth between the stock and its new connec- 
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DWARF PEAR TREES. 
The preference given to Dwarf Pear Trees for 
planting in vegetable gardens, or elsewhere, iu 
limited spaces, has long been, and will probably 
continue to be. a fixed fact. After the fashion 
of mundane things, and especially the somewhat 
unnatural form of Dwarf trees, certain defects 
will necessarily pertain to individuals, but ad¬ 
herence to strict principles in the system of 
growth pursued, will go far towards the remedy¬ 
ing of most difficulties. The brief exposition of 
some of the mgre important of these principles 
and their application will be the object of our 
remarks. 
The fundamental requisite in a Dwarf Pear is 
P’iK. 3-G-ROUND EI.AN AND OBOUNUS. 
enough save the best, and the best is grown 
from a short cutting where the roots burst forth 
vigorously in a compactly-formcd cluster. Such 
a stock, planted out at, the end of a year in a 
nursery row, should be budded on the young 
wood of the same year’s growth, and if failure 
of buds necessitates another year’s delay, the 
bud should bo again inserted only in young 
wood grown that year from “ cut-back ” stock. 
Grafting — a far- preferable method —may ho 
done profitably during spring of the second 
season after planting in nursery rows; but here 
a decided advantage is obtained by waiting au- 
othea year, when the vigorous, matured stock 
tion, and is, therefore, preferred. All budding or has been received from the nursery. Half of 
grafting of Dwarf Pear trees should bo done at that time ftiifliees for the dwarf to fruit, and 
a point not more than two or three inches from when it is considered that young trees to take 
the crown of the- root, or top-heavy trees will be the place of those that are growing too old or 
apt to result from the disproportionate growth unfruitful, may be procured for a small Bum or, 
of cion or bud over stock. indeed, with no great trouble or skill, raised at 
The proper uniou of cion or bud with stock home—this of itself is a forcible reason for pre¬ 
having been secured, the development of a sym- ferring the dwarf to the standard for confined 
budding or grafting, cut back to about eighteen 
inches, and every succeeding year of vigor re¬ 
move about the same amount of wood, according 
to the nature of the variety operated on. Every 
side branch should also be shortened yearly, ac¬ 
cording to variety aud required balance or pro¬ 
portion. In correcting a native tendency to pro¬ 
duce many wood-bearing shoots, summer prun¬ 
ing is resorted to as a means of transforming 
said shoots into fruit-bearing spurs. Special 
care should be taken to prevent the Dwarf Poor, 
by thinning the fruit, from over-bearing itself. 
No more prolific source of disease and shortness 
of life exists than tho consequent exhaustion 
from such neglect. It is much better to accept 
moderate crops, with longer - lived, healthier 
trees. 
Although we do not protend in our brief re¬ 
marks to have indicated all the difficulties inci¬ 
dent to the growth of Dwarf Pear trees, nor to 
have pointed out all tho remedies therefor, we 
nevertheless feel confident that attention to 
such as have been noted will remove a large 
part of the objections entertained. A Dwarf 
Pear tree with healthy stock, having a good, 
compact system of roots, properly united with 
buds or cions aud trained Into a pyramid 
that is restrained in its fruiting propensities, 
will long allord great satisfaction to tho majority 
of those requiring low, compact trees producing 
the best of fruit. Samuel Pabsons. 
« ♦ » 
PARADISE DWARF APPLES. 
Talk as much as we may of the short lives of 
dwarf pears; of their greater liability to attacks 
of the borer; of their tenderness in that part 
where the cion joins tho stock—yet they are just 
what are needed for limited grounds, and the 
the standard pear, if it lived to thiice the age, 
will never again take their place. 
Let ua suppose that we have to wait from five 
to ten years for a standard to bear fruit after it 
has been received from tho nursery. Half of 
that time suffices for the dwarf to fruit, and 
when it is considered that young trees to take 
the place of those that are growing too old or 
unfruitful, may be procured for a small sum or, 
indeed, with no great trouble or skill, raised at 
home—this of itself is a forcible reason for pre¬ 
metrical form with a corresponding system of 
roots becomes highly important to the permit- 
riuuce and fruitfulness ef the tree. Whatever 
may be tho experience in other countries, there 
is little doubt that the pyramidal form of prun¬ 
ing Pear trees offers the best system of training 
■pL. - 
premises. It is true we may raise standards just 
as readily, but we cannot hasten their period of 
fruiting. Dwarfs are likewise more in keeping, 
as regards size and symmetry with their sur 
roundings, and though the standard may in the 
end be more profitable for the orchard—the 
I-ig. l-PLAN EOR DOUBLE U 
the proper union of buds or grafts to Quince 
stocks of the l ight quality. By right quality we 
mean that kind of vigor that will produce the 
best union of stock and cion, or bud. Mellow, 
rich loam is Undoubtedly essential In this Dml 
induces a character of growth or the very best 
quality. Even in the case of grafting, no ad¬ 
vantages accrue from delaying the operation 
more than two years. One objection to budding 
lO foil n/1 I». .7., 1 _1 A » a 
H’itr. l-’Olt UOTJiJLfff DWELLING. 
in our changeable climate. Tho trunk is thereby 
shaded, light equally distributed, and firm re¬ 
sistance presented to the stress of storms. The 
method of attaining this shape is simple: At 
dwarf ia yet the more desirable for kitchen gar¬ 
dens or home grouuds. 
Families that are constructing and laying out 
new homes and grounds, do not think only of 
