raisin, 
THE BUBAL NEW-YOBiKER. 
snare, simply because the proper attention has 
not been given to turning to account Nature's 
generous bestowals. The assertion that we have 
reached the surfeiting point in grape growing 
would sound strangely to thousands of our 
countrymen whose palates have never been re¬ 
freshed with the taste of a California grape or 
Domestic (bcottoiitn. 
COOKING FISH. 
The following suggestions on cooking fish are 
from the London Agricultural Gazette, and as 
they fully accord with our views on this subject 
we will give them for the benefit of the house¬ 
keepers who read the Rural : 
Fish should be washed as little as possible, and 
white fish, after being cleaned, and wiped with 
a damp clo h, should have the stomach stuffed 
with salt for an hour or two before cooking. 
Fish should be put on in cold water so that the 
inner part may be sufficiently done, and also it is 
less liable to break. This rule holds good, ex¬ 
cept for very small fish, or for salmon boiled in 
slices, when boiling water should be used. The 
time will depend on the kind and size of the fish, 
but it may bo easily known when it is ready by 
drawing up the fish-plate and trying if it will 
separate from the bone. Here, as In other 
things, practice is better tr,an all the directions 
that can bo given, as so much depends on the 
strength of the fire and the size of the fish. A 
little salt and vinegar should always be put into 
the water, and some prefer their fish boiled in 
what is called a court bouillon, and this is how it 
is done:—Lay the fish in the fish-kettlo with 
enough cold water to cover it, add a glass of 
wine or vinegar, some sliced carrot and onions, 
pepper, salt and a laurel leaf, abiiueh of parsley, 
a faggot of sweet herbs, or some of the same 
powdered and tied up iu a muslin bag. These 
seasonings impart a fine flavor to most boiled 
fish, excepting salmon, and for frosh-watcr fish 
They are considered very useful for getting rid 
of the muddy taste they often have. 
Frying fish may ho fairly well clone by just 
putting sufficient fat in the pan to prevent it 
sticking, and cooking it till of u fine brown 
color: but the artistic inode of frying fish is 
what is called the wet process, which may bo 
simply described as boiling it in fat. There are 
different opinions n,n to what kind of fat answers 
best, but all agree that butter should never be 
used, as the expense is great, and tin: color 
never so good. Lnrd is considered by many to 
be the best frying medium; but Careme the | 
great French cook, gives the preference to beef 
fat—not, however, the dripping from the roast, 
but lard imulo by melting beef suet instead or i 
the lat of the pig. What we recommend to 
families as best aud most economical is clarified 
dripping, that is. the fat from the joints while 
roasting, poured into boiling water, and removed ■ 
in a cake when cold. Rut whatever t ho medium, 
the great point is to have the fat at a proper 
temperature before the article to bo fried is put 
in. The slcillful cook can see the blue smoke 
rising just at tbe boiling point, and then she 
knows it is time to put hi her fish; but for those 
who are only acquiring experienre, it is safer to 
throw in a bit of bread, and if it takes a fine 
color in a minute or so, then the fat is hot 
enough, and the fish may be put iu. This is the 
cardinal point of successful frying. As Biillut- 
Savarin says, “ It all depends on the surprise.” 
that is. on the lat being hot enough, otherwise 
the fish will be flabby aud greasy instead of 
crisp and appetizing. Another point to be at¬ 
tended to is that the fat be deep enough in the 
pan to cover the fisb, which should be put in a 
wire basket that will fit easily into the pan of fat 
and then no turning is required. The same fat 
will do again and again lor twenty times, if 
necessary: all that is needed is to strain it into 
boiling water; when cold take it off in a cake, i 
wipe off the water on the under side, and put it 
by for use, of course only to fry fish again. 
-♦-*■-*-- 
SALADS. 
Is the preparation of salads, America is far be¬ 
hind other countries. No French or German 
peasant could live without his salad. If lettuce 
cannot be obtained, a few cold boiled potatoes 
or string beaus, with a bit of onion or parsley I 
will do just as well. Hundreds of bits and ends, 
which are thrown away Ly an American house¬ 
wife, could be compounded into a delicious 
salad with a suitable dressing. Iu our cities the 
art of salad making is rapidly advancing, and 
nearly every housewife prides herself upon the \ 
composition of a creuuiy mayonnaise; but in 
the country, where lettuce and huudreds of salad 
vegetables and grasses grow iu perfection, the 
art of salad-making is almost unknown. 
Many recipes for salads of fish, meat and 
greens have come down to us in old Roman i 
records, showing that the people of olden time ; 
were not behind the present day iu their atten-^ 
tion to that appetizing addition to a meal. It is 1 
almost impossible to give exact directions for 
tbe mixing of a savory salad. This is something 
which should never be left to tbe bands of an 
ordinary cook, for no dish requires so much 
delicacy of preparation. Every cultivated man 
or woman should understand this subtle mystery. I 
The salad is the a-athetie dfah of the meal, the 
1 refreshment and recreation after the more solid 
plates which have satisfied the appetite, and it 
should be a direct offering from the hostess to 
the delicate palates of her guests. If tbo salad is 
delicious, let no one fear for the rest of the din¬ 
ner. for that is a direct index to the whole char¬ 
acter of the cuisine. 
-- 
WANTED A RECIPE FOR BERRY JELLY, 
--- 
Will some of the readers of the Rural give a 
recipe for Berry Jelly ? Fleming Jordan. 
JELLIES. 
Strawberry, Blackberry, Baspberry, etc ,—Put 
the fruit into a stone jar. Ret. this in a kettle of 
water over the firel Let it boil until tbo fruit is 
thoroughly scalded. Remove from the fire, and 
ho soou as the fruit is cool enough strain through 
coarse muslin. To each pint of tbe juice allow 
a pound of loaf sugar. Put tbe juice into a por¬ 
celain-lined presevering-kettle, return to the 
fire, and let it boil thirty minutes; then add the 
sugar to the boiling juice, stirring constantly 
until tbo sugar is dissolved. Let tbe jolty just 
come to a boil; then remove it at once from the 
fire. Pour Into glasses or bowls. When cold 
and firm, lay bnmdied paper on tbo jolly, and 
paste a thick paper over the top of each glass or 
bowl. Jelly made iu this manner is far superior 
| in color and flavor to that produced by the old- 
fashioned way of boiling juice and sugar into 
Jelly. Mrs. Rustic. 
, "V-- 
ORIGINAL RECIPES. 
Mrs. Bice's Molasses Cake ,—One and a half 
cups of sirup, one cup of sour milk, one cup of 
butter, half a cup of vinegar, two tablespoons of 
ginger, one toanpo’ou of sflda, and a small lump 
of alurn dissolved in hot water. This makes two 
long tins full. 
Crullers, very good.—Dissolve a teaspoonful 
of soda in four tablespoons of milk ; strain upon 
a half pint of flour four tablespoons, of melted 
butter and a teaspoon of salt; beat four eggs 
with six heaping tablespoons of rolled sugar; 
work together with sonic grated nutmeg; add 
Hour till stiff enough to roll out, and cut in fancy 
shape to fry. 
Madelines .—Four eggs, half a pound of but¬ 
ter, half a pound of sugar, half a pound of flour, 
half a teaspoon of soda; mix butter, sugar, and 
yelks thoroughly: add flour and mix again ; then 
the whites beaten to a froth; flavor with lemon- 
rind; bake iu dishes one-third full. Very nice 
and convenient. After the ingredients have 
been weighed once, they can be measured for 
future convenience. 
Mrs. Chittenden's Becipe for Pot-pie Crust .— 
Ono egg, two tablespoons of cream, one teacup 
of buttermilk; stir in flour with a spoon until 
it is hard; then drop it in your boiling broth, a 
tablcspoonfnl in a place; keep covered, and cook 
half an hour, if well done it is very light. 
Steamed Pudding .—An excellent and conve¬ 
nient dish fur dinner, in the place of the mon¬ 
otonous pic, is a steamed pudding, made by 
using one-half buttermilk and oue-half sour 
milk, two 8]kjous of cream, two eggs, oao tea¬ 
spoon ol' salt, and ono of sewia. All buttermilk 
makes it sticky. Raisins or other fruit may be 
added, or not. as desired. Put in a convenient 
dish and steam one and a half hours. To be 
eaten with butler and molasses, or melted sugar 
flavored with lemon. It is desirable that the 
kettle should not stop boiling or the cover be 
taker, off during the steaming process. A tea¬ 
kettle of boiling water should be at hand to keep 
the necessary amount of water in the kettle. 
Farmer’s Wife. 
-■ ■ 
USEFUL HINTS. 
Potatoes cut in small squares aud put into 
cruets or bottles, with the water to wash them, 
will clean them quickly and well. 
Advice .—Ladies will do well to give a large- 
share of their attention to acquiring the “fine 
art ” of cooking. 
To Prevent Scorching .—The secret is simply 
to keep a basin or cup of water in the oven. TL« 
steam generated not only prevents scorching, 
but makes the meat cook nicer. 
Our readers need not suffer from having their 
hands affected by water or soapeuds, if the 
hands are dipped iu vinegar-watt* - or leincn- 
juice immediately after. The acid destroys the 
corrosive effect of the alkali, aud makes the. 
hands soft and white. 
pejmur 
MODERN DENTISTRY. 
For poor mortals of the present day obliged to 
take a Beat in a dentist’s chair, there is certainly 
a crumb of comfort iu knowing that thero was a 
time when it might have been worse with them, 
and they can find some consolatiou in the 
thought that they escape the torture which Land 
and Water tells ns of, as being by no means 
uncommon in the early feudal days of Eu¬ 
rope, when it was sometimes the custom of mou- 
archs, when rather short of ready cash, to place 
an unfortunate Lombard in the hands of the 
executioner, and order the victim's teeth to be 
“ punched out one by one until the old gentle¬ 
man yielded up tlio precious contents of his 
secret coffers. If some of those ancient bankers 
whose molars, incisors, and bicuspids were ex¬ 
tracted with 60 much torture. Could revisit the 
world and see people paying handsomely for the 
luxury of having tlielf teeth removed and artifi¬ 
cial sets made to take their place, they would lie 
very much astonished at the changes wrought 
by science. Yet they wonld still see that draw¬ 
ing teeth was als® an excellent pretence for 
drawing money from the pockets of inuocent 
patients; and they would find the place of the 
ruthless executioner usurped by the modern ad¬ 
venturer, who puts a tempting set or tooth in a 
glass case outside liis door and calls himself a 
dentist. 
Thero is no profession in the nor Id so entirely 
unprotected against the charlatan as that of 
dentistry; but we may safely say that there Is no 
profession that has accomplished more for the 
health, comfort, aud convenience of the human 
race. It has been truly remarked that the man 
who is a very lion of courage in the stormy field 
of battle is utterly defeated and cast down by 
toothache. Diseased teeth are frequently the 
real causes of many ills which the flesh is heir to. 
Insufficient mastication of food, and consequent 
chronic dyspepsia, with all its attendant mala¬ 
dies, are the certain results of decayed and im¬ 
perfect teeth. In protecting us against these 
oviis, and iri providing simple and effective rem¬ 
edies, the science of dentistry lias accomplished 
wonders. The progress of decay can now be 
promptly and utmost painlessly arrested, the 
the troublesome old stumps can he whipped nut 
of our mouths before we have time to think 
about pain, and every vacancy can bo filled by a 
beautiful, enduring and serviceable substitute. 
-*-»■*-- 
HYGIENIC NOTES. 
For Removing Moth Patches .—Take good al¬ 
cohol and put in just a little camphor gum; 
wash the face iu soft water, rub hard with a 
coarse towel until the face is all aglow; then 
apply the alcohol; do this three times a day 
until the complexion is cleared, which will bo in 
the course of six or eight weeks.—B rownie. 
by watching any floating thing on a calm day. 
It will leave the ship from which it is thrown, to 
the East or West as the ship may be on the one 
or other side of the center of the stream. When 
it leaves the Florida Straits its waters are of a 
deep, blue, differing much in color from those 
adjacent and theNjonudary lino is marked by the 
color for more than a hundred miles. 
The stream does not always occupy the same 
position. In September (l touches Nova Rcolia 
and Newfoundland, hut in March its Northern 
limit is many miles further South. The tem¬ 
perature compared with the ocean waters shows 
a difference of from twenty to thirty degrees at 
the surface. This difference decreases with the 
depth of the water and moat rapidly at the 
north showing tho:o only a comparatively thin 
stratum of warm water, while off the Florida 
coast a difference is found at a great depth, 
proving, it is believed, the existence of tin under 
current from the Arctic regions that goes to fill 
the place in tho gulf that would otherwise bo 
left void. 
It is computed that tho force required to pro¬ 
duce the Gulf Stream equals that which would 
drive 00.000 millions of tons up a grade of three 
inches in a mile at tho rate of throe miles an 
hour. To tho warmer waters of the stream are 
owing many of tho excellent fisheries along the 
Atlantic Coast. The fish prefer the cooler 
waters along shore, whore they congregate in 
large numbers and are easily taken. l. a. r. 
^tocli and a’crultry. 
O ltKKIiK, 11 u mi I ton, N. Y.. Breeder of 20 
• varieties Funcy Fowls. Bints. #l(iu2 per do*. 
Berkshire Purr, *K> per pair. A guod Short-Horn 
Bull for >7.V Hi Prises wlthlu !> months. 
2 Plymouth Rocks. 2 
■ I have six breeding vards—two of fowls ^ 
>»and four of chicks, selected with great cure, 
l_ one cock or cockerel lo each yurtl, I will soli 3S*» 
Y. ono or two entire yards for #116) each. -w 
Bggs from above, (.1 for -eltlrnr of 13. 
” Address V. a GILMAN. » 
Nashua. w. tt. CO 
I IGIIT It R A If At A PER SIT- 
J ting. Stock took 1 Ht,3d uml -peelul lor host pair, 
in exceptionally tine collection. 
_ JOHN BAN i A, Hackensack, N. J. 
FINE POULTRYT 
White Leghorn Cockerels and Silver Gray Dor¬ 
kings of tine stock, for sale. 
HKNKV HALES, Ridgewood, N. J. 
&nent.s Wanted. 
A a day sure to all. Writeus 
xx.VXJLi.lN Lai* S1MPS6K & Smith, N. Y. City. 
VtUi AGENTS’ PROFITS A WEEK. —Nkw Nov-1turn im.l Chro 
V mow. Cniulogno* »»*g. L. Fki.ton .% 0o M N, Y, (j. 
TTl YOU wlllugrento distribute some of ourdreu- 
I H Ulr *,' "V‘ Wl11 ‘"’I" 1 Y°" 11 CHR0M0 IN Dill FRAME, 
I I’ ami u hs-paifo, irf-columli Illustrated piper fHEE 
XJ- lor.'J a) uitlis Inclose III els. r.o nay per l me. 
Agents wanted. K12NDAI.L & CO.. Boston, Mum. 
to #1 On day tn Agents. H«mph sfree. 31-rmgo 
catalogue. I.. FLETCHER, 11 Dry St., N, V. 
NT HI iMl' N M tr, * v ''' , »«'• '•’ll t.n llonlcim our 
I ' 111 111,1 ii. lilihiottkuW* gin-i - hlino.'m uml 
lump Kim.li. NO PKIMM.fMl. .S.iUrv llbumi, tuni- 
nesr tin mmuiin Hotel uml otivtliug I'.ttmtim' i imlil, 
MONtfOK LAMP CD,, 6111 Mma Hi.. Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Scientific ant) Useful. $5937 
THE GULF STREAM. 
The Gulf Stream is a current in the Atlantic 
Ocean issuing from tho Gulf of Mexico, between 
Florida and Cuba, following tho general direction 
of the Coast of tlio United States so far as to 
near Long Island, tlienco trending eastwardly, 
increasing in width until it reaches mid-ocean. 
There it divides, one portion going northwardly 
and probably reaching the open Polar Sea (if 
there he one) via Spitzbergen, another portion 
washing the shores of the British Isles, while 
still another stream warms Die Azores, Madeira, 
Canary and C'apo Vtud Islands, finally joiuing 
the Equatorial Current, to be returned to the 
place whence it started. 
This stream is narrowest between Cape Florida 
and the Bernini Islands, where it is limited to 
forty-four miles iu width. Its velocity thero 
is from three to five miles an hour, arid its 
highest surface temperature 86°. It is bounded 
by walls of cold water, the distance of which 
from the shores varies greatly. At Cape Florida 
the inner wall is only a little distance from 
tho shore , at St. Augustine it is often seventy- 
five miles at Charleston, seventy; at Cape 
Hatteras, thirty-five; at Cape May, one hun¬ 
dred and thirty-seven, and at Sandy Hook 
two hundred and fifty-five miles. Those walls 
are distinctly marked, as are also the bands, 
so called, of the stream itself, the middle 
of tbe stream being colder than either side, 
and thus, in crossing the stream from Cape 
Hatteras, we first find warmer water thirty-five 
miles from shore, then we cross the first maxi¬ 
mum or hot band, fifty miles wide, then the 
cooler band thirty miles wide , and again a second 
warm baud fifty miles wide. The middle of the 
southern portion of the stream is considera¬ 
bly higher than either side, and is readily seen 
W Mado bv I 7 Agents In January, 77, with 
luv I 3 New Articles. Samples troo. Ad¬ 
dress C » IVI. Ltuiugioii, Chicago. 
$ ’S IV IT. Jewelry, Stationery. Chromos. 
Big Money for Agents. Catalogues free. Ad¬ 
dress NATIONAL NOVELlY CO . WO Chest¬ 
nut St. Philadelphia, pa. 
<& ft ft o »77:i Week tn Agent-, flfl Outfit h'rce. 
• P. O. VICKERY, Augusta, Maine. 
VALUABLE INFORMATION, 
Hi 'hat will enable any It, liable, Iti - 
BiWfc 11 l,T to establish it PAY. 
1NG BUSIN ESS in hnown t own, 
muy be unt uned l'v addre.-nonu tbe. undersigned 
M AN ACER A. C. CO., Aubu rn, N. Y. 
of ihe prettiest Clirorno ( unis ever seen, 
ill I with your niiino, 36 eta., by return mat). 
sJ V W. C. CANNON, Box379, Boston, iVfitss. 
Wfin UkI. in * very 
iti tho u. fvF 
Vnlicaid of |>ric<y». 
GEN'L AGENTS 
YV. J. HOLLA Sl/r 
1*0 town uni) comity 
I my piiMirttUoiJN, 
« JbpriuKtlclfJ, M.in. 
COA fnf <CO Host thing lor AjrentM, 
lur 3><£* .1. Latlutm <fc Co., Bouton. 
I D 1 • .c Lat Hum & 'e., Boston. 
week to Agents. Cond tt’-i iple. le.noa 
jW «KU|teidiRii>ulalg reeel veil. Term.-, liberal. Pat* 
(9U^Geularstree. J-Worih fiCo.St.Louij.Alo. 
mq WATCHES. Cheapest in tin- known 
world tjamj.lr natch an,! outfit free tn Ar/rutt. 
XJfi V For terms address COULTER CO.Cliiea/:u 
Cfifl A ’\X7T , T , TT Male or lenmle. No capital. 
OOU IX W XjXjJX Wo give tendy work that 
will bring you (249 a month lit home, day or evening 
Inventors' Union, 173 Greenwich M.. New York. 
d»*>n/k A MONTH,— Agents wanted. 11U best 
i»JW Nulling artidce in the world. One Sam¬ 
ple free. Address JAY BKONSON, Detroit. Mich. 
■ fl r II T ft WANTED TO OBTAIN 
JJ I* r* N I ^ §u b!>criben> for the best Agrl- 
*■ " ■ “ eulturnl ami Family Weekly 
Address RURAL PUBLISHING COMPANY, 
Box3116. Duane St.. New York City. 
(Musical 3f ustnuucutiGi. 
JYEACICIE 6l CO., 
BELL TREBLE PIANOS. 
Warranted 7 Years, in any climate. 
Centennial Illustrated Terms and Prices sent free. 
Warerooms, 82 State St, Rochester, N, Y. 
