o 
MABSH 24 
□ 
THE BUBAL WEW-VOBMEB 
amount to nearly four times as much as the 
nitrogenous matter and mineral salts; while in 
the dry substance of the swill they are nearly 
equal to each other, and he argues that this large 
proportion of nitrogenous matter must render it 
more nutritious than the grain, bulk for bulls. 
SWILL COMPARED WITH HAY. 
Now, it may be of interest, in’this connection, 
to compare this swill with a medium quality of 
meadow hay. In 1,000 parts of meadow hay we 
have: 
Purts. 
Writer. 143 
Albuminoids. 82 
Carho-bi drat.es, etc. (starch, suiiar, fat. etc.). 413 
Crude fiber... 3CKI 
Ash.... 02 
Total...l.OUO 
In the swill from Babton’8 distillery wo have: 
Parts. 
Water.... 
Albuminous matter, starch, hukut, lat, etc... 38 
Total...1,000 
Now, if it takes say 30 pounds of hay per day 
for the keep of a cow, how many gallons of swill, 
containing only 4UJ ounces of Bolid substance to 
the gallon, will bo required as an equivalent to 
the hay ? In two barrels of this swill there are 
only about seventeen and one -half pounds of 
any solid substance. The enormous proportion of 
water in its composition, to say nothing further, 
must show that, as a sole feed, it would not moot 
the wants of the animal economy. 
HOW SOUR SWILL AFFECTS MILK. 
It may he said (hat this swill should not ho fed 
in excessive quantities, and when fed it should 
bo used in connection with other food; hut Dr. 
Banders makes no limit to the qnantity. The 
only reference to quantity is where he alludes to 
its use in Germany, and whore, as ho admits, the 
swill, must ho fed/miA, as it quickly sours after 
it is exposed to the air. and bocomos unpalatable. 
Ho says ho has shown from the analysis that the 
solid substances in swill are valuable and nutri¬ 
tious food, and, iu trying to find out what is the 
real cause of tho prejudice against the feeding of 
cows with swill iu this country and tho use of 
milk derived therefrom, he remarks as follows: 
“Wo must first concede the fact that we be¬ 
lieve every distiller and all tho dairymen who 
have ever used any Bwill, know that it must be 
fresh, as it quickly sours after it has become 
cold and is exposed to the air. The cattle thorn* 
solves refuse to take it, and some large distillers 
in Germany that had decreased the number of 
their cattle, and, consequently, found a surplus 
of swill on Uxeir hands, were compelled to mix 
the swill with salt, bran, and ground !) ax seed¬ 
cake, and heat the mixture, iu order to Induce 
the cows to consume their usual portion of 
twenty gallons.’' Ami he goes on to say that 
“ w hen really sour swill had been fed, the milk 
became altered already in the udder, and was in 
a coagulated condition, which made it absolutely 
unsalable. Wo loarn from this that swill, when 
soured and decomposed, produces milk that by 
its very appearance is rendered unsalable, and 
wo, therefore, are outitled to the conclusion that 
in all cases where swill has been led in this 
country it must have been sound, for tho appear¬ 
ance of the milk seems uevor to have indicated 
its peculiar origin.” 
By his own admission, then, the swill is a dan¬ 
gerous food ; and from its extreme liability to 
sour, may we not conclude that it must ho often 
fed when in a stage bordering ou souriug, and 
that the milk, though uot coagulated when pre¬ 
sented to the consumer, soon turns had in his 
hands. And this is tho complaint generally of 
consumers who use tho milk from Bwill dairies. 
QUANTITY OF SWILL GIVEN TO COWS, 
Iu tho “Observations on the Blop Dairies of 
New York ” it is said the cattle receive the slop 
smoking hot, directly from the distilleries. The 
daily average quantity of slop lor a cow is about 
a barrel, or thirty-two gallons. “ At first,” says 
the writer, “ wo were incredulous as to the 
amount they learned to consume ; hut after many 
careful inquiries at many dairies, the fad is ren¬ 
dered cerium." 
Now, it is evident that no cow in health would 
eat such an onormous quantity of slop. By feed¬ 
ing on this unnatural and stimulating food they 
are throw n into a state of disease, and for a short 
time will feed monstrously and yiold a large 
quantity of bad milk. 
Dr. Sanders, while urgiug the health fulness 
of swill, gives no aooouut of the health of cows 
in the swill dairies of Bt. Louis. He does not 
evou allude to the manner or practice of feeding, 
or tho quantity used per cow at those establish¬ 
ments, although it would have been natural, it 
seems to ns, to have fortified his statement, by 
facts within easy observation, if such existed in 
the swill dairies of Bt. Louis. 
FUNGI, AND THEIR EFFECTS ON MILK. 
Now', it has been proved by tho experimeuts 
of Prof. Law, of Cornell University, that cows 
drinking water from impure pools—water con¬ 
taining fungus germs—will have these low vege¬ 
table growths conveyed iuto the circulation, and 
from the blood transmitted to the milk; that, 
although the milk did uot at first show auy signs 
of the fungi, yet, on standing, it turned out to be 
bad, and on microscopical investigation, the 
same fungus vegetation found in the water ap¬ 
peared also in the milk. The cows, too, on ex¬ 
amination were found to be affected in health, 
though to a casual observer they might not ap¬ 
pear ailing. The microscopical examination of 
milk from swill-fed cows has shown not only 
fungi, hut particles of pus, and there can be no 
doubt that serious troubles have come from par¬ 
taking of such milk. 
COMPOSITION OF MILK FROM SWIll-FED COWS. 
Wo supposed it was generally admitted that 
cows fed largely upon distillers'slops yield a poor 
quality of milk, and we are surprised at Hr. San- 
iiE lis' statement, since the fact has been shown 
from analysis. We give below an analysis of 
milk from distillery-fed cows of New i'ork, as 
follows: 
Water. 
HuUnr. 
ennoble..,. 
Mil It Suiiiir, 
Salts. 
.03.0 
, 1.8 
3.4 
.0.7 
,.0.1 
100 
COMPOSITION OF GOOD MILK. 
Now, milk of average quality has tho following 
composition in 100 parts: 
Water. 
CiiHeine. 
Milk Sugar. 
Mineral Matter. 
100.00 
It will he seen, in comparing the two tables, 
that tho swill-milk contains not only G per cent, 
more water, but is sadly deficient in butter aud 
milk sugar. Btieh milk, it is evident, could uot 
give satisfaction to tho consumer, even though 
it proved not to ho unwholosome; but wo should 
expect, and wo think the facts would show, if 
properly traced out, that cows yielding such 
milk wore not only in a diseased state, but that 
their milk was positively injurious as an article 
of food. 
PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS, ETC. 
Wo do not know what tho practice is in the 
swill-milk dairies of Bt. Louis ; but it is not easy 
to believe that they are very different from those 
in other cities. Ami in this age, when an effort 
is being made to correct abuses in the milk trade 
and put before city consumers a good, whole¬ 
some milk, wo are sorry to see distillers’ swill 
recommended as proper food for milch cows, or 
tho statement made that " the milk from swill- 
fed cows will be as wholesome and nutritious as 
any country milk.” 
Dr. Sandeus, we think, must bo iu error, and 
we must advise him to make an examination of 
tho dairies In question, aud procure samples of 
the milk personally, and subject it to analysis. 
The point of this matter is uot the quantity of 
solid substance in the swill, hut whether the 
refuse from distillation, Hooded with such enor¬ 
mous proportions of water, can be crowded iuto 
a cow at the rate of a barrel or more per day 
and keep her In good health, and at the same 
time cause her to yield wholesome milk of aver¬ 
age quality. This, his paper Is far from proving. 
Distillers’ swill, fed hot and in large quantities, 
as is the custom, does undoubtedly promote a 
groat flow Of milk; but it is at the expense of 
health, as well as of thu quality of tho milk. It 
may be questionable oven as a food, in this way, 
for fattening cattle; hut for the production Of 
wholesome milk we are quite sure it is not proper 
when fed as it usually is, and must be infinitely 
inferior to the sweet grass of Upland pastures. 
Perhaps if fed ill small quantities, by Soaking it 
in good, sweet hay, chopped small, and given 
like other steamed or soaked food, it might be 
admirable for short periods; but it is not so em¬ 
ployed in tho swill dairies. 
ANNUAL MEETING OF THE N. Y. STATE 
DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION AND BOARD 
OF TRADE. 
Tire annual meeting of the above Association 
was held at tho State Board of Trade Boom, at 
Little Falla, N. Y , on Feb. 19th, the President, 
X. A. Wn.EAun, in the chair. Tho minutes of 
the last annual meeting were read and approved. 
The report of the committee appointed by the 
late Convention at F.lmira, to present amend¬ 
ments to the constitution being called for, Mr. 
Shull, the Secretary, was asked to read the pro¬ 
posed amendments. The report provided for 
several important changes in the constitution, 
upon which a lengthy discussion followed. 
Tke persons urging tho amendme nts were S. 
I>. A i**u. u, B. T. Hawley, J. V. H. Scovilek, 
IVm. Bland:no, Harris Lewis and Dr. Gratis. 
With the exception of Dr. Grafts these gentle¬ 
men are woll known as members of tho Centen¬ 
nial Committee of the American Dairymen’s 
Association, who were chief managers of the 
dairy exhibit at tho Centennial. It appeared, 
from the discussion aud the admission of the 
committee offering the amendments, that no 
complaint or exception had over boon taken at. 
auy of tho Conventions against any of tho 
articles of the constitution. Neither was it 
Bhown that the amendments proposed would, if 
accepted, be satisfactory to tho dairymen as¬ 
sembled at the Conventions. The committee 
consisting of Harris Lewis, Jobtah Shijil and 
Dr. Cit\ rrs had been appointed at the Elmira 
Convention by only three or four members 
voting. The Convention at targe took no inter¬ 
est in the matter, and probably not a half dozen 
persons present in tho Convention had tho least 
idea what the resolution meant, since thcro was 
no discussion upon it, aud the mover of the 
resolution made no explanation in regard to 
wnat the amendments should bo. Under this 
state of affairs the members assembled at the 
annual meeting iu Little Falls, Fob. BILL, refuted 
to adopt the proposed amendments and they 
were laid on the table by a very large majority 
vote. The election of officers was then had with 
the following result : 
OFFICERS FOR 1877. 
President—X. A. Will aud of Little Falls; 
Secretary— Josiah Shull of Ilion; Treasurer 
D. II. Bubhill of Little Falla. 
Vice-Presidents John Suattuck of Norwich ; 
Dr. E. G, Cuaeti? of Binghamton ; Ausrurn 
Towner of Elmira; Dr. G. F. Cole of Potsdam; 
F. Blanchard, Somertown; M. Folsom, New 
York City ; Arnkr Johnson, Sidney Plains ; It. 
Day, Otogo; Prof. J. P. Roberts, Ithaca; 
Byron Phelps, MeGrawville; It. B. Campiiei.l, 
Ow r ego; S. M. IUroock, Friendship ; Frank D, 
Curtis, Saratoga; M. T. Morgan, Cedar Lake; 
E. W. Stewart, Buffalo; J. Harvey Smith, 
Fort.Plain; Judge G. A. Hardin, Little Kalis. 
Directors—J. W. Ouoniuute, Little Falls; 
Harris Lewub, Frankfort; C. S. Sheldon, Lmv- 
villo; Hon. W. IIodoes, Rochester; E. G. Run, 
Faiifield; Gapt. Gardner. McLean. 
ANOTHER REPORT READ. 
Josiah Suui ,l read what, purported to ho tho 
report of the Executive Committee on tho dairy 
display at the Centennial as follows : 
Receipts—May 13th to June loth, 1876, from 
State Centennial Board till! sum of. .$7,0U0 
Expended - For Butter aud Choree Building...$6,843.87 
For expenses ol Exhibits.. 458 
$7,000 
Indebtedness for expenses incurred for exhib¬ 
its not fully ascertained, but estimated to be be¬ 
tween >700 and >1200. 
To pay the indebtedness now remaining tho 
Centennial stock certificates, amounting to 
$5,500 are pledged for payment. J. V. II. Sco- 
villk, I (arris Lewis and Josiah Shull are cus¬ 
todians of the said Centennial stock, and they 
are authorized to dispose of the same, by sale or 
otherwise, to raise money to pay the indebted¬ 
ness. And the said custodians are further em¬ 
powered to apply so much of the avails of said 
stock as may be necessary to print the trans¬ 
action h of the Association for tho year 1870.” 
The report was not accepted or adopted and no 
action taken upon it whatever. It will probably 
bo considered and disposed of by the officers of 
the now hoard at a special meeting. Tho meet¬ 
ing then adjourned. 
®j)c 41 oultrji 
TO EXTERMINATE PARASITES. 
“One ounce of prevention is hotter than a 
pound of cure,” says tho old adage. In regard 
to parasitic insects of poultry, this is particularly 
true, it is much less trouble to keep them 
down, bo as to bo almost entirely Clear of them, 
than it is to fight a host, of vermin. 1 said almost, 
for there is, no doubt, a remnant always remain¬ 
ing of some lice, for no sooner are the ordinary 
cleanliness and vigilance relaxed, than they 
again show themsolvos. If fowls are kept in a 
damp place without dust or dry earth, those 
insects immediately appear in largo numbers. 
The methods of destroying most of them arc 
very easy. The poll-tick is prevented or got rid 
of by slightly greasing the heads of tho chicks 
as BOOh as hatched. Tho samo process, repeated 
once a week for about two or three w-oeks, w ill 
carry them beyond further danger. I will not 
on this subject give the Latiu names of in¬ 
sects, as I find so much variableness and so few 
varieties described that it is well to employ the 
terms iu common use. OI the varieties that 
still remain on the fowl, there are two distinct 
classes: Lice that suck tho blood from the 
fowl’s body, all of which have their mouths near 
Hie ends of their noses, and another class that 
live on and eat the feathers. These latter have 
their mouths under the middle of the head, and 
of them there are several varieties, differing 
from each other in form, color, and size. Both 
kinds can be got rid of by dusting sulphur well 
into the feathers of the birds, If the chickens 
are young and under tho hen, dust the hen 
thoroughly with sulphur, aud, provided the 
usual dust bath bo supplied, this treatment will 
keep tho fowls clean, if repeated about ouce a 
week. 
Of the gape-worm, it is difficult to say anything 
positive, though of course prevention is best. 
In order to get rid of this pest, the surest w 7 ay, 
when a yard is once infested, is to remove the 
fowls entirely away from the contaminated 
ground. I know- of a yard that was iufeated for 
many years. One year the chickens were all 
taken across a brook to another part of the 
farm aud not allowed to visit tho old ground 
until too large to get the disease. No trace 
Of the gapes has been seen there since then, 
although several years have elapsed. 
Some poultry authorities say that there is a 
connection between the gape-worm and a kind 
of louse, aud that, the latter either introduces or 
extends tho gapo-wertn ; but, after some experi¬ 
ments. I am satisfied no such connection exists. 
Of tho remedies for gapes 1 cannot say much, as 
there aro as many advanced with as much posi- 
tiveness as there aro ernes for the toothache. 
If attended to in time, the worms can sometimes 
be drawn out with a twisted horso-hair or a thin 
feather. Caro must lio taken that the hair 
enters the windpipe, as the worms are there and 
not. in the throat. Details of this process w'ould 
make too long a chapter, so I simply generalize 
the subject until properly treated. Carbolic 
acid fumes inhaled by the chicks, either in a 
box or by holding the chick over the acid, heated 
hot in a spoon over a lamp, will also sometimes 
dislodge them; but when the worms get low 
dow n in the throat, where the windpipe branches, 
there is uot much hope for the sufferer. 
The houso-mito or spider, that lives in tho 
wood-work of dirty nests, is easily got rid of by 
cleanliness, whitewash or petroleum, aud fumi¬ 
gation. A good way is to saturate all tho inside 
wood-work with crude petroleum. For scaly-leg 
itch, soak tho legs with kerosene oil, holding the 
bios upward, so that the oil will run well under 
the scales. Two or three applications generally 
effect a cure. Intestinal worms aro dislodged by 
a decoction of wormwood, or the loaves may be 
cut up and given in food, or a pill made of aloes 
may be administered; but these posts are rarely 
numerous enough to bo of serious consequence. 
Henry Hales. 
ffjjr g^iarian. 
FACTS AND FALLACIES IN BEE-KEEPING. 
Having noticed, some months ago, in the Bee- 
Keepers' Magazine, published in New York, vari¬ 
ous incorrect statements in regard to apiculturo, 
I had occasion to criticise rather severely its 
practice of publishing fict itious accounts of enor¬ 
mous profits in bee-keeping, and also had ques¬ 
tioned the correctness of tho writings of ouo of 
its special contributors—a man so ignorant of 
the subjects on which ho wrote, that tho Editor 
of the Rural New-Yorker, though not an 
apiarist, felt it his duty to expose Ids fallacies, 
and closed tho criticism by saying that said 
writer “ought to take a vacation." 
As n matter of interest to bee-keepers, I now 7 
annex every point that I olaimod in the Bee- 
Keepers’ Magazine, to show how reliable that 
paper is, inasmuch as every point was decided 
wrong, either by the editor or his brother, tho 
former editor, or from correspondents whoso an¬ 
tagonistic opinions were sent in, seemingly 7 to 
oblige Mr. Kino, in response to his call. The 
points that 1 claimed were as follows: 
1. That it has been a custom with publishers 
of papers devoted to bee-keeping to grossly ex¬ 
aggerate the general profits in that business, by 
editorials and through correspondents, tho ob¬ 
ject being to enlist as many persons as possible 
in it, as the greater the number of bee-keepers 
the larger are their subscription-lists, and the 
more Italian bee-hives, extractors, etc., aro sold. 
2. That no queen bees ever were or ever can 
bo fertilized in confinement, as hi a cage with a 
few drones. Queens are fertilized on tho wing; 
and thoro is no case ou record of one over being 
otherwise impregnated, according to my reading. 
There are men without any record for veracity 
or knowledge of the habits of honey-bees, who 
often write to tho boo paperstliat they have seen 
this or that, or done so and so, frequently over a 
nom deplume; and it seems that Mr. King in 
p&rlluular considers such communications as 
forever settling tho questions iu dispute, while, 
in fact, they are in many cases simply bosh. 
8. That in no case has there been any reliable 
evidence that tw r o mature queens existed peace¬ 
ably in the same hive, both laying at tho 
same time. Young queens often aro allowed to 
visit a few days iu a hive, just before the old 
queen leaves with a swarm; and several young 
queens, that hatch after tho oi l queen leaves, 
may frequently be found in a hive tiff swarming 
is over; but. as soon as it is settled lhat no moro 
swarms are to issue, one queen assumes the en¬ 
tire sovereignty of the family, aud soon there¬ 
after all other queeus, if any there be, are killed. 
4. That Kingbirds catch and destroy bees. A 
man who does not know this to be a fact is not 
qualified to edit n paper devoted to bee-keeping. 
5. That when a swarm of bees leave for the 
woods, it is tho pioneers or scouts, that had been 
sent out to find a domicile, that lead the swarm, 
aud not tho queen, because she knows nothing 
