APRIL 7 
218 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
pose of such a display, and the location of the 
show at a point outside of the Centennial inclos¬ 
ure, having many objectionable features, will 
work serious inconvenience to the cause of agri¬ 
culture ; and if the fact that such discrimination 
against our greatest agricultural iuterest. bo 
published, it will, without question, make tbelive 
stock exhibition virtually a failure and reflect 
discredit upon those who force tho issue in direct 
opposition to the many protests of ttio Livestock 
Committee of the Advisory Hoard of the Bureau 
of Agriculture. 
In forwarding the proceedings, tho Chief of 
Bureau wrote to tho Director Genoral thus : *' I 
look to you as Director General to aid me in my 
efforts, now extonding over eight months, to 
place tho agricultural interests upon a proper 
level. Let mo ask you in the name of tho great 
Exhibition to emphatically discountenance tho 
slight upon agriculture by those whose spocial 
pursuits in life have not tended to qualify them 
as experts in the case.' 1 The resolutions of the 
couimitteo, oflicial communications and persoual 
appeals of the Chief of Bureau wrero all for 
naught, as tho outside location was leased, and 
the plain, next tho Agricultural Building, was ap¬ 
portioned out for the erection of structures which 
could all have had ample room, and more desir¬ 
able locations nearer the center of the exhibition 
grounds, and consequently more within the ob¬ 
servation of visitors. 
Nothing was gained by tho brewers or the dairy¬ 
men whose buildings could have been more 
eligibly placed, while everything was lost by 
the friendB of tho stock breeders—the only gain¬ 
ers being the Finance Board, whoso pot plans 
remained undisturbed by the introduction of a 
feature—a stock show—not contemplated by 
them in the beginning. 
Thus was ignored one of the most prominent 
foatures of agriculture, au interest employing 
over five and a half millions of the males of our 
population, whose capital and labor created our 
cities, caused tho construction of our raihvays, 
and finally without whose active industry, found¬ 
ed on their own unaided capital, the Exhibition 
could not have beeu held, for the articlos exhibit¬ 
ed would have hail uo existence. 
Finally, the arguments put forw'ard by the 
Chief of Buroau and his Advisory Committee 
against the removal of tho live stock show to a 
point without, the Centennial inclosuro, have ail 
proved correct, as one-half of tho entries of 
stock were actually withdrawn, and only ouc- 
half of the animals remaining on the entry books 
wore sent forward; breeders being disgusted 
beyond measure with tho course of tho Exhibi¬ 
tion authorities. Tho attendance of visitors at 
the stock yard during the days of the Exhibition 
averaged about seven hundred, w hile at the same 
time there were pouring through the gates of 
the main exhibition considerably over seventy 
thousand daily, moat of whom would have visit¬ 
ed the live stock had the exhibit been inside, 
the number of animals would have been quad¬ 
rupled, rural taste would have been advanced, 
the interests of agriculture promoted and the 
stock breeders gratified. 
-♦ ♦ » ■ 
NEBRASKA FOR LIVE STOCK. 
accumulated. Let it be said, however, that there 
are now 15,000 sheep in Gage county; and at a 
sheep-sheariug festival hold at Beatrice, the 
county seat, on May llth, 1870. Mr. B. C. Carey 
exhibited a Merinorfleece weighing 23 lbs. 13 oz., 
and a single tlouce from a three-year-old Mcriuo 
ram weighing 10 lbs. 5 oz. Messrs. Paddock and 
Long also exhibited fleecos weighing 12 to 14; j 
lbs. each; and Mr. Moses Stocking a fleece of 18 
lbs. lPjozs., from a two-year-old Infantado ram. 
Tho Uisinesa is rapidly increasing and aeon text¬ 
ile manufacturers will look to the Nebraska 
prairie for a largo annual supply of wool. 
Mr. Cornolius Jansen (one of tho leaders of 
tho Russian Mennonites, w r ho are making Ne¬ 
braska their homo), on 960 acres of land pur¬ 
chased from the B. & 51. Company, has estab¬ 
lished a flock of 1,020 grade Merino sheep, and a 
herd of 100 blooded cattle, choosiag Nebraska 
after lie had carefully examined tho country from 
Southern Kansas to tho Red River of the North; 
and Mr. 51 S. Maloney, a capitalist of New York 
(a practical flock-master), who has largo landed 
interests in Illinois, has purchased two sections 
of land, and leased one section from the Btate, 
in tho Republican River country. To this rauch 
he is bringing 3,000 5Iorino ewes from Now 
Mexico, and thorough-bred Merino rams, from 
Vermont, anticipating from tho cross a large 
sheep and hoavy fleece in Nebraska, which, in 
the matter of sheep, ho considers dostiued to bo 
the Scotland of tho States. In cattlo tho prairie 
herdmen are accumulating fortunes. 
COW PHYSIOGNOMY. 
species attack swine, sheep and poultry. Largely 
magnified representations of their eggs were also 
represented by charts. Thcso eggs are swal¬ 
lowed by the animals in drinking impure water, 
aud hence the importance of providing that 
which is pure and free from them. Tho eggs 
will remain uninjured for a year, and may be 
carried miles in streams and then ho swallowed 
and hatch in tho stomachs and intestines of ani¬ 
mals. 'Die eggs will remain uuharmod in ico, 
even at the temperature of zero, and are unaf¬ 
fected by the heat of the sun’s rays. They may 
bo conveyed from tho manure which contains 
them, by subterranean streams into adjacent 
wells. In some places sheep have perished in 
largo numbers from attacks of these animals, 
and their presence in swino is well-known; hut 
horses suffer most. 
The first thing to be done is to prevent their 
propagation. Hence pure water only should be 
supplied for drink. Raiuwater is safest, as it 
cannot contain them. Spring and wells may bo 
selected, if situated where thoro can be no infil¬ 
tration. Porous soils, near manure heaps, may 
readily convoy the eggs. Prof. Law pointed out 
in detail the treatment of animals which contain 
them, and the use of proper medicines. Tho in¬ 
dications of the presence of those worms in tho 
horse are a general unthrifty appearance, irregu¬ 
larity with looseness or costivenoss from internal 
derangement, rubbing of tho tail, Jo. Tho pas¬ 
sage of tho worms and eggs is shown by exami¬ 
nation of the manure under the microscopo. 
Tho whole of this lecture was scientific and 
practical, interesting and instructive in charac¬ 
ter. 
omitted, if known. Frequently the breeder’s 
name is absolutely nocossary for tho proper 
identification of an animal. 
18. Tho Association having in its possession 
a vast amount of information, is enabled to 
assist parlies in tracing aud perfecting pedigrees. 
This service will ho rendered gratuitously to 
patrons of tho Record. 
It). Volume I should bo in the hands of overy 
breeder, as in it will be found pedigreos of tho 
more prominent families of Berkshires, and 
other information highly serviceable to parties 
propariug pedigrees for Vol. II. 
20. Volume 1, a work of 338 pages, royal 
octavo, printed on tinted paper aud handsomely 
bound, will bo sent on receipt of prlco, $3, by 
Express; or $3.30, post-paid. 
2t. Tho one hundred dollar premium essay, on 
the origin, breeding and management of Berk¬ 
shire Bwiuo—written expressly for the Association 
—has been published 1U pamphlet form, and will 
be sent postpaid, on receipt of 25 cents. 
22. Remittances may be made by draft. P. O. 
Order or Registered hotter. Do not remit by 
private chock on your local bank. 
23. For furthoV information, entry blanks 
transfer blanks, Premium Easay, or Vol. I of tb 
Record. Address, 
Editor Am. Berkshire Record, 
Springfield, Ills. 
■-—- 
PIG REARING IN HUNGARY. 
One of our correspondents residing for several 
years in Nebraska, has all along assured us that 
the State was not at all adapted to general agri¬ 
culture, and that stock raising and perhaps tho 
making of butter and cheese, must eventually bo 
tho principal employment of the people and their 
chief source uf wealth. 
The Nebraska Farmer has come to tho same 
conclusion, and in a late issue, speaking of 
beeves, Bheep, hogs, and horses—one or all, says 
“ there is millions in them.” At tho baso of all 
there is an illimitable market, wide as the world. 
Then comes the low cost of production to supply 
this market, because the climate favors health 
and animal life, experience proving that no viru¬ 
lent form of disease exists among stock in Ne¬ 
braska, and because, even on the wild prairie, 
the pasturage afforded by the native grasses is 
abundant, and all tho hay required is obtain¬ 
able at the cost of cutting. Grain food, of 
course, is cheap; and sufficient shelter for the 
winter months is obtained by building a rough 
prairie stable, of posts and boards, covered and 
wrapped as with a blanket by piled-up hay and 
straw. No one has commenced as flock-master, 
and not found the avocation profitable. 
In 1875, a flock of Cotswolds, shepherded on 
the plains, yielded 5Iossrs. Creighton, of Omaha, 
an average fleece of 10 lbs. per head, tlio price 
they realized being 40 cents per pound, in the 
dirt. The Hon. Moses Stocking, of Wahoo, in 
Saunders county, had on July 1st, 1874, a flock 
of 1,652 51erino8, which he valued at 83 per 
head, making $4,056; and from these on June 
30th, 1875, his profit wa* $3,495.38. Mr. A. D. 
Ritchie, an experienced flock-master, of Orton. 
Seward county, states that his profits for the 
sheep year 1875-G exceed his moat sanguine ex¬ 
pectations, aud he believes he can get his money 
back every year, and have the flock on which he 
Started besides. Instances of this kind could he 
Phrenologists and physiognomists usually 
confine their studies to the human species, but 
heye is something out of the customary line of 
character-reading, taken from the Galaxy, aud 
wo commend it to tho notice of all who have 
cows, or in fact domestic animals of any kind; 
for the study of their peculiar individual charac¬ 
teristics will ilo tho Btudont no harm, while it 
may do him much good. Every farmer knows 
what a variety of individualities a herd of cows 
presents when you huvu come to know them all, 
not only in form aud color, but in manners and 
disposition. Homo are timid and awkward and 
the butts of tho whole herd. Borne remind 
yon of deer. Some have an expression in tho 
face like certain persons you have known. A 
potted and woll-fod cow lias a benevolent and 
gracious look; au ill-used and poorly-fed ono a 
pitiful and forlorn look. Borne cows have a 
masculine or ox expression; others are extromoly 
feminine. Tho latter are the ones for milk. 
Some oows will kick like a horse; some jump 
fences like a deer. Every herd has its ring¬ 
leader, its unruly spirit—one that plans all the 
mischief and leads tho rest through tho fences 
into the grain or into tho orchard. This oue is 
usually quite different from the “ Boss of the 
yard.’’ The latter is generally tho most peace¬ 
ful and law-abiding cow in tho lot, and tho least 
bullying and quarrelsome. But she is not to be 
trifled with; her will is law; tho whole herd 
give way before her, those that have crossed 
horns with her, aud those that have yielded 
their allcgianco without crossing. 
I remember such a ono amoug my father’s 
milkers when I was a boy—a slender-homed, 
deep-shouldered, large-uddered, dow-lapped old 
cow that we always put first in the long stable, 
so that she could uot have a cow ou each side of 
her to forage upon; for the mistress is yielded to 
no less in the stanchions than in the yard. She 
always had the first placo anywhere. She had 
her choice of standing-room in tho milking- 
yard, aud when she wanted to he down there, or 
in tho fields, the best, and softest, spot was hers, 
When the herd were foddered from the stack or 
barn, or fed with pumpkins iu the fall, she was 
always first served. Her demeanor was quiet, 
hut impressive. She never bullied or gored her 
mates, but literally rulod them with the breath 
of her nostrils. If any new-comer or ambitious 
younger cow, however, chafed under her supre¬ 
macy, she was over ready to make good her 
claims. And with what spirit she would iigat 
when openly challenged 1 She was a whirlwind 
of pluck and valor, and not after one defeat or 
two defeats would she yield the championship. 
Tho boss cow, when overcome, seems to brood 
over her disgrace, and day after day will meet 
his rival in fierce combat. 
AMERICAN BERKSHIRE RECORD. 
PURE WATER POR STOCK. 
Prof. Law, in a lecture on animal parasites de¬ 
livered beforo the Farmers’ Club of Ithica, N. Y., 
a condensed report of which we find in the 
Country Gentleman, stated that intestinal worms 
might find ingress to the animal through drink¬ 
ing impure water. 
These animals, known as pin worms, ( Scleros - 
tomum equinum and S, U+racanthum, aud Ozy- 
uris curvula and O. vivipara,) and which are 
only au inch or two in longth, attack the mucous 
membranes, and bore their way into them, ob¬ 
structing circulation, causing inflammation, and 
inducing cramps, colics and indigestion. Other 
The following instructions and directions re¬ 
garding application for registry in volume II, are 
given for tho benefit of thoso brooding this 
justly popular swino: 
1. Bend all information in your possession 
concerning the brooding aud purity of your 
stock. 
2. Applications for entry should bo signed by 
the breeder of animal, if such brooder bo living, 
or accompanied by bis certificate. 
3. An entry fee of ono dollar for each animal 
recorded, will he required. 
4. Tho immediate descendants of animals re¬ 
corded iu Vol. I may bo recorded in Vol. II. 
5. The immediate descendants of animals not 
recorded in Vol. I may bo rocorded, provided 
their sires and dams are admissiblo, aud are also 
recorded in Vol. II. 
6. Animals imported from England may be 
admitted to record upon satisfactory proof of 
purity of breeding, and tho fact of importation, 
as claimed. 
7. Unsound or unworthy individual animals 
should not bo presented for registry. Such will 
not bo admitted under any circumstances, where 
facts proving their inferiority are made known to 
the Executive Committee. 
K. The use of duplicate names Bhould, so far 
as possible, bo avoided. 
9. The names of all animals mentioned in oaeh 
pedigree, that are known to bo dead, should be 
market! thusX. 
10. Tho Lreoder of an animal is the party 
owning the dam at the time of service, and dic¬ 
tating the cross. 
11. Approved full-page illustrations of Berk¬ 
shires will bo admitted to Vol. II. Terms made 
known on application. 
12. Facte relating to the history of recorded 
animals, setting forth tho number or date of 
premiums taken, either by the animals them¬ 
selves or their ancestors, w ill, if properly signed 
by the owners of snob animals, be published in 
the form of an Appendix to Vol. II, at a cliargo 
of 5 contH per word. 
13. Transfers of the ownership of animals re¬ 
corded in Vol. 1 will be published in Vol. 11, at a 
charge of 25 cents each. Blanks for such trans¬ 
fers will bo furnished on application. 
14. Tho record is prepared from an American 
standpoint. Henco uo animals are considered 
imported, except thoBo bred across tho sea. 
15. Deaths of animals recorded iu Vol. 1 will 
be published in Vol. II, upon tho authority of 
their respective owners, without charge. 
10. In filling Bntry blanks for registry of ani¬ 
mals deeended from stool; recorded in Vol. I, 
pedigreos need not he traced beyond the sire 
and the dam thus recorded, except in cases 
where errors are suspected or known to exist—as 
the balance can be supplied from tho printed 
record. 
17. In view of the fact that the value of a 
pedigree depends largely on tho character and 
standing of the party or parties who bred and 
reared the animals represented therein, it is a 
matter of no small importance that the name of 
the breeder of every animal mentioned in each 
pedigree, he given. This should never ho 
The Farmer (Eng.) gives us a glimpse of how 
pigs aro reared in Hungary and Horvia. Al¬ 
though these countries possess racoB or breeds 
of swino quite distinct from those raised in 
England and America, nevertheless those possess 
valuable qualities. 
A double market is open for the produce of 
this enterprise; either the pigs may be sent, 
while BtiU young and loan, to tho Wostorn 
provinces, where they always find ready pur¬ 
chasers, or they may ho kept at homo to bo 
fattened, and then despatched to supply tho 
towns of Austro-Hungary, Germany, Switzerland 
and Italy. Tho range of these consignments 
extends of lato as far as tho United Kingdom, 
whose markets have already taken up a very 
considerable quantity of Hungarian swine. 
In the agricultural districts of tho Lower 
Danube the' fattening process is practiced on a 
largo scale, and by two different methods. 
Either the herds aro driven to pasturo, more 
particularly to tho woods for tho sake of tho 
acorns, or they aro stall-fed in specially arranged 
buildings, called “ Ballasch,” which form a 
characteristic featuro iu the agricultural industry 
of the country. This term Ballasch or Szallasz 
is applied to establislunents purposely con¬ 
structed for tho wholesale fattening or pigs, and 
provided with stalls, court-yards, baths, and 
everything necessary for preparing and keeping 
tho food, and for tho requirements of the staff. 
Iu most casus tho complete block of buildings 
forms a quadrilateral, and contains from 200 to 
4,000 pigs. In Hervia, where this system of 
fattening is chiefly practiced, and where It 
originated, tho arrangements are somewhat rough 
and primitive; but in Hungary they have at¬ 
tained a high degree of perfection, and the 
buildings of tho “ Hungarian Society for Fatten¬ 
ing Pigs,” founded in 1869, may be specially in¬ 
stanced as a model. 
This Society carries on its operations at Stein- 
bruob, near Pesth. The buildings are arranged 
to accommodate 26,000 pigs, which are distributed 
among 130 Ballascb, or separate divisions. Each 
Ballasch consists of a square court provided with 
a bath and an open shed in which tho animals 
can take shelter at. night, or m bad woatker, or 
when tho heat is excessive; and in tho court iH 
au open space where they are able to rummage 
and grub about at their ease. As a rule, the 
pigs are uot brought into the Ballasch till they 
aro one or oven two years old, and have already 
been out at pasture, and made some flesh. The 
food given in the Ballasch consists chiefly of 
Parley or maize, either steepod in warm water, 
with some bran and salt added, or simply 
crushed or bruised. In Bervia, and also in 
Hungary, a certain quantity of groen food is 
also given when it is in season. At the Hun¬ 
garian Bociety’s establishment the apparatus for 
crushing or griridiug tho grain is driven by a 
steam-engine of 16 horse power, which is also 
used to pump up tho water required for the sup¬ 
ply of the whole building. When tho weather is 
excessively hot, a hose furnished with a nozzlo 
is attached to the water-cocks, and tho live stock 
are treated to a refreshing shower-bath, which 
greatly benefits them. Inmost of the Servian 
and Hungarian Sallaach as many one-year-old 
porkers as adult animals are occasionally mot 
with, but it is rare to see any animals more than 
two years old. For the first class, (he average 
duration of the fattenings is about five mouths, 
and for tho two-year-olds six months. 
.--- 
Clean The Pio-Pen.—T he pig pen is fre¬ 
quently permitted to retain all the filth collected 
iu it during winter, until tho warm weather dis¬ 
pels tho eltluvia over the entire neighborhood; 
abate such nuisances now. 
