234 
APB1L 44 
THE RURAL WEW- YORKER. 
Industrial |tnj)tfmtnts, 
THE GALE PLOW. 
Tb k injunction given to man, to replenish the 
earth and subdue it, is by no means the difficult 
thing to accomplish as when the edict tirst went 
forth. In fact, the transition 
from tickling the face of the \ 
earth with a crooked stick, a 
la the time of Ptolemy, to 
ripping easily over fields be¬ 
hind a “ Gale,” is something to 
make one rnb his eyes, and 
in a meek and gentle spirit 
prepare for the millenium. 
But there are plows and plows, 
which reflection fetches ur up ' ’ 
standing before the latest, im¬ 
provement and, we might add, . 
innovation, in this branch of 
industry. 
The Gale Manufacturing 
Company of Albion, Mich., 
have been industriously and 
profitably producing plows for 
upwards of thirty-one years. 
They started when plan's wore spelled “ ploughs,” 
and made implements at first that conformed to 
the antiquated spelling of the word; that is, they 
kept diligently in the old groove, depending for 
a reputation on the excellence of the workman¬ 
ship. Thoy were successful. But this did not 
satisfy them ; well enough would not do as long 
as there was room for improvement. Conse¬ 
quently, about three years ago, they met the 
demand for an improved implement by using 
chilled iron, a material which has since demon¬ 
strated its superiority over anything formerly 
used in plows. It is harder, more susceptible of 
a fine polish, and hence its sconring qualities are 
unsurpassed. It, is durable and anti-corrosive, 
and adapted to all classes of soils, from the cheap 
gravelly soil that wears rapidly, to the adhesive 
soils requiring the best scorning qualities; and 
combines all the desirable features of the very 
best stool, and is much cheaper. At the same 
time, they also adopted their improved manner 
of attaching the handles and beam, a new de¬ 
parture from the style which has prevailed uni¬ 
versally from the days of wooden mold boards 
down to the present time. 
This is clearly shown in the illustration which 
we give an illustration that is u novelty in the 
plow line and well worthy the careful attention 
of progressive agriculturists. Jt will be seen 
that the handles attached in this way come into 
hand, at the side, naturally ; are easily adjusted 
to the bight required by a tall man or short boy 
by means of a slot in the Malleablo Iron brace 
■which supports them, and can be replaced in 
case of accident by any one possessing ordinary 
mechanical skill. 
Another important feature is the adjustable 
Central Draft Beam, so placed as to bring the 
power squarely against the resistance of the fur¬ 
row, thus giving (lie plow great steadiness in 
running, with ease of management. 
Tho Patent Jointer is also a peculiarity. The 
office of this attachment, tho maker claims, is 
to turn off from tho edge of tho furrow a narrow 
slice of the surface and with it the grass, weeds, 
stubble or manure thereon, so that when the 
furrow is inverted tho lap is entirely of mellow 
earth with the trash in the bottom of tho furrow 
and completely covered. It adds but little more 
to tho draft than when a sharp steel coulter - is 
used, and the seed-bed can ho prepared with 
about hall' the cost. It is an implement which, 
after once using, is considered indispensable and 
is almost universally used in many localities. 
The method of attaching to the standard, in¬ 
stead of the beam of the plow, has advantages 
which are at once important and obvious. It 
only requires adjusting to tho proper depth, 
which is done by means of slots, and requires no 
“ toggling' to make it cut the right width, and 
it is not affected by adjusting tho beam for two 
or three horses. It is said it is not liable to clog, 
there being a free passage between it and the 
beam for large obstructions to pass. In turning 
under coarse clover, manure, Ac., it has proved 
itself a valuable improvement. With the Jointer 
properly adjusted and cutting about 1 1 j inches 
in depth, its utility is apparent. In adopting 
Malleablo Iron for tho Jointer arms, lightness 
with perfect strength is Becured. 
The firm made and sold 10,000 plows last year, 
and are preparing to meet an increased demand 
by making 15,000 for the present season. Prof. 
Egberts of Cornell, is highly gratified with the 
results attained by the " Gale,” and in a letter 
to the Company, says“ The plow worked to a 
charm and clogged but very little, though the 
second growth of clover was very large. Wo had 
experienced much difficulty from this rank clover 
when using the common plows. The seed-bed 
is left iu much better condition than when tire 
ordinary plow lias been used. The draft-beam, 
adjustable handle, jointer, -wheel and chilled 
mold-board, are valuable Improvements. We 
not only nso it m the field, hut store it in the 
clasR-room, that it may be at hand for illustra¬ 
tion, it being the most perfect model of a plow 
we have yet secured which is high praise, con¬ 
sidering the source. 
Believing in progression ourselves, we heartily 
commend this implement to tho attention of our 
farmere, and hope this brief mention will stimu¬ 
late those interested in the subject to pursue 
their inquiries further. The Gale Co. will be 
only too happy to aid those who apply to them 
for completer information regarding tests, Ac. 
■ ♦ » »- 
THE “FEARLESS” MACHINE. 
In calling attention to the advertisement of 
Mi-. Minaiui Hauler, Cobloskill, N. Y., it is ap- 
dropriatc to mention that the “ Fearless" was 
umong tho most successful machines tested at 
Field Trials, uudor the supervision of the Cen¬ 
tennial Judges of Award. Tho report clearly 
states that the Grand Medal and Diploma of 
Merit were awarded to combined '‘Railway Horse- 
Power and Thresher and Cleaner,” which oovers 
tho whole machine, and thus gives a discrimi¬ 
nating judgment which is satisfactory to the 
manufacturer, and fully indorsed by those who 
have used the implement. A receut. visit to Mr. 
Hauler's works convinces us that the “Fear¬ 
less” will be more plentiful in the land the com¬ 
ing season than ever before. 
fntnistnal (Topics. 
UTILIZING THE SQUIRRELS. 
In California, as is well known, squirrels are 
so very abundant that they do an immense 
amount of damage to farm-crops. Destroying 
them by the ordiuay methods, such as trapping 
and shooting, is really too slow for practical pur¬ 
poses ; hence, poisoning has been resorted to 
quite extensively of late years. It has been 
urged that the skins of these little animals should 
be utilized in [making gloves, but thus far we 
have heard of no practical attempt in this direc¬ 
tion ; and now comes another suggestion on the 
part of the Pacific Rural PrcBs- - to wit, that the 
meat should be preserved by canning. In mak¬ 
ing this suggestion, our Pacific contemporary 
remarks: 
If we could make these destructive squirrels of 
some commercial value, we should take a long 
step on the way to their extermination. We arc 
not sure that this matter has been sufficiently in¬ 
vestigated. It seems to us that both skin and 
carcass can be utilized, if some one can hii upon 
the right way to do it. Take the sinus, for in¬ 
stance. We propose to discover, if possible, 
whether they cannot be used by the glove-makers. 
We are aware that the local manufacturers have 
not done much w ith them ; but wo believo that 
the Eastern and foreign manufacturers, with 
their genius for the utilization of materials, 
could work them to advantage. We have the 
names of a number ol' extensive glove manufac¬ 
turers who exhibited at tho Centennial, and we 
shall send them this issue of the Press and invito 
them to correspond with us, if they are willing to 
make experiments with California squirrels, if 
dry hides are furnished them, and report to us 
if they find them of any value. 
It is also possible that the meat of the squir¬ 
rels may be put to profitable use, aud sold as 
canned meat. The Chinese iu some places make 
good use of the carcasses. Many people tell us 
they have used them, and they are far better 
than rabbits, and are especially fine, when well 
dressed, at most seasons ol' the year. If canned 
and put upon the market iu good shape, we see 
no reason why they would not sell well. An En¬ 
glishman assures us that the “ canned squirrel 
fruit ” would sell well iu England, where squirrel 
pie is considered a rare delicacy. 
There are other use6 to which the parts of the 
animal might be put if tho necessary skill and 
enterprise should be put to the task. If some 
manufacturiug company should send an ageut 
out here to study the question, we think they 
could learn something to the advantage of their 
trade. There certainly seems ft chance for some 
one to take the matter up and push it a little, 
and get a system of trapping, preserving, and 
selling or manufacturing. Such a solution of 
the question would keep down the increase of 
those “ varmints." Tho State could well afford 
to offer a premium on the first 100 tons of canned 
or pickled squirrels, on the first 1.000 squirrel- 
skin gloves, portmonies, etc., on the first 1,000 
squirrel-tail brushes, dusters, etc. If wo should 
succeed iu interesting any manufacturer in mak¬ 
ing a trial of the skins, wo dill upon our readers 
to furnish the material. 
- ■ - - ♦ - 
SOVEREIGNS OF INDUSTRY. 
Tins organization was introduced into this 1 
city about six mouths ago. Its growth was at 
first very slow, hut it now numbers six Councils, 
with nearly four hundred members. Its main 
object is to establish the principle of Co-opera¬ 
tion, and to do away, as far us possible, with the 
present credit system. It endeavors to bring the 
producer and consumer into nearer relations, so 
as to dispense with a large share of tho “ middle¬ 
men,” who now absorb a large share of tho prof¬ 
its that should go either to the producer or be 
saved to the consumer. 
It probably seeks about the same result as 
that contemplated by the Grangers; but, in my 
opinion, has one advantage over that organiza¬ 
tion, as it admits all classes who are following 
some useful occupation. While 1 am not the 
best judge of what the Grangers are doing—not 
being a member, there being no lodge “ within 
the length of my cable-tow it. does appear that 
an organization embracing different, and even 
opposing classes, will be more likely to reach all 
the evils that exist than would one that is com¬ 
posed exclusively of one profession or pursuit. 
We are composed of producers and consumers, 
employed and employers, ministers and laymen, 
merchants and mechanics in fact, no profession 
is excluded except lawyers, liquor-dealers, and 
professed politicians. To me it is evident that 
where so many different classes meet together iu 
harmony, it is at least possible to discover a rem¬ 
edy for some of the evils that afflict tho com¬ 
munity. 
We propose soon to establish a Co-operative 
store in this city, upon the Rochdale plan, that 
has worked bo successfully iu England, aud are 
confident of success. 
Not having scon any report of the Sovereigns 
in tho Rural, I write this to call the attention 
of others in this direction, hoping that by com¬ 
paring notes, some good may result. 1 see no 
reason why boiuo sort of arrangement cannot be 
effected between tho Patrons of Husbandry, the 
Granges, and the Sovereigns of Industry, that 
will greatly benefit all. Let us write the subject 
up. Let farmers stand by their organization, 
and let those who are not farmers, and conse¬ 
quently not eligible to join thou - society, come 
within our fold, and endeavor to work for what 
is right and true. I wifi occasionally report our 
success and prospects in this vicinity. 
Syracuse, N. Y« Nelson Ritter. 
- - 
STATE ALLIANCE OF FARMERS. 
A State mass convention of farmers was held 
in Rochester, N. Y., ou the 21st of March. An 
unexpectedly largo number of farmers were 
present, including delegations from granges and 
farmers’ clubs iu various parts of the State. The 
convention was organized with Horn Hernan 
Glass as temporary Chairman, and W. A. Arm¬ 
strong and P. G. Reynolds Secretaries. After a 
considerable amouut of lively discussion, lasting 
until late in the afternoon, a Farmers’IS tale Alii- | 
auee was formed, with the following officers: 
President, F. P. Root, of Monroe. Secretary, 
C. II. Dann, of Wyoming. Treasurer, E. 8, Hey- , 
ward, of Monroe, Executive C'ommitee, E. W. ! 
Stewart, of Erie; Geo. W. Hoffman, of Che¬ 
mung ; aud Geo. Geddes, of Onondaga. Vice- 
Presidents', J. H. Cox, Harris Lewis, Jesse 
Owen, A. R Dupuy, W. W. Staly, Homan Glass, 
aud J. 8. Woodward. 
Among the prominent agriculturists and horli- 
TIIE PLOW. 
culturists who were present and took an active 
part in the proceedings of the convention were 
P. Barry, F. P. Root, T. 8. Harrison, of Albany; 
Col. Chan. James, of Orleans; Prof. C.H. Dann, 
of Wyoming; J. G. Shepherd, of Attica, Wyo¬ 
ming Co.; E. W. Stewart, of Erie; W. G. Wayne, 
of Seneca; ,T. G. Fargo, of Genesee; G. W. 
Hoffman and W. A. Armstrong, of Chemung ; 
and Victor Piolett, of Pennsylvania. A letter 
was read from 8. L. Cramer, of Saratoga, strong¬ 
ly indorsing the movement, and calling on farm¬ 
ers to organize a new party. 
The State Alliance now formed consists of del¬ 
egates from farmers’ clubs and granges and agri¬ 
cultural societies, who may become members by 
the payment of a membership fee of one dollar 
each, and the presentation of credentials. Tho 
annual meeting of the Alliance is fixed for the 
first Wednesday in September of each year, and 
the convention adjourned to meet at Syracuse on 
that date, Wf.stf.rn New York. 
--- 
GRAPE-VINES AT PARIS. 
Vineyahdists who may have expected to see a 
grand show of grape-vines at tho forthcoming 
Paris International Exhibition for 1878, are likely 
to be disappointed, as the Commissioners have 
issued a circular, in which they say that in con¬ 
sequence of the ravages caused by the Phyloxera 
and the ease with which it is propagated, no 
plant or cutting of any vine will he admitted 
within the area of the Exhibition. This prohibi¬ 
tion will be rigorously enforced. Iu other res¬ 
pects vine-grow ers may illustrate their methods 
of culture as they think fit—by description, pho¬ 
tographs, drawings, plans, models, instruments, 
appliauces, etc. 
This prohibition is almost as absurd as the ex¬ 
clusion of American potatoes from Europe, be¬ 
cause there arc injurious insects which feed on 
the leaves in the country in which they are 
raised, ou this side of the Atlantic Ocean. 
The absurdity of excluding vines from the Ex¬ 
hibition Iffit-lf, while they may bo brought to the 
very entrance and displayed in the streets of 
Paris, outside the grounds, is so apparent that 
no one le-s stupid than a “ Grand Commissioner ” 
could fall to see it. It certainly seems as though 
an appointment to the office of Commissioner at 
auyof the great International Expositions was 
fatal to common sense; at least it has been so in 
this country, for an exhibit of this appalling cal- 
ity was painfally apparent at our “Centennial.” 
■Domestic (Broitoini). 
SCIENCE OF HOUSEWIFERY. 
A wife may be a good cook, and kuow both 
the science and practice of everything belonging 
to the kitchen ; and still that does not include 
all of what wo would cull the “ sciouco of house¬ 
wifery:” for there is a something beyond all 
this, which in reality rightfully belongs to house¬ 
wifery. although perhaps it may not bo easily 
explained or described. 
The miatross of the house, whom wo will sup¬ 
pose to be the wife, must study tho wants and 
needs of her family. It is not enough for her 
to know how to make tho lightest and whitest 
bread, or never to fail in bringing everything 
upon the table in tho best order, but she must 
know whether this or that dish is healthful for 
those who are to partake of it. No two persons 
may like the same dish, or partake of it with the 
same satisfaction or benefit; for while one child 
may need fruit to keep it healthy, to another 
this may be almost rank poison. Good, light, 
fresh bread may be healthful for one, and un¬ 
healthy for another ; and so it will be with pud¬ 
dings, cakes, pics, and various condiments which 
go to mako up a plain or luxurious meal. 
We are well aware that the doctors will not 
agree with us in this; but that does not frighten 
us in the leaHt, for their follies, in many ways, 
are as open to criticism as those of the laymen 
outside of the fraternity. 
It becomes the housewife to study the health 
of each person composing her household, and 
adherence to the common saying of “whatis 
good enough for master is good enough for serv¬ 
ant or child,” may breed dyspepsia and other 
ailments where we would least expect it. 
This laying down of rigid rules as to the health- 
fulncss or digestibility of this or that kind of 
food, is based upon tho false supposition that all 
persons are alike, and that the gastric juices of 
one atamack are just as powerful as those of an¬ 
other, which common sense, without science, 
shows to be a false theory. Every mother knows 
that her children differ, not only in tho amount 
of food required to nourish them, but the kind 
aud quality must often be varied considerably, 
to suit tho differences in their constitutions. It 
is in these matters that good housewifery comes 
iu, in distinct addition to good cookery. 
A GOOD WHITEWASH. 
For outside work the following can scarcely be 
