. 2! 
THE RURAL WEW-YOR&ER. 
424 
tbe coughing and the filthy noses have become 
chronic among them. 
With regard to the water found outside the 
stomach nnd intestines, that proceeds from a 
totally different cause in England, and is peculiar 
to certain districts. For instance, there aro 
fields on a farm which, from some cause or 
other I do not understand, will, under particular 
circumstances, bring on this variety of dropsy 
which is always fatal. There are two hinds 
called the “red water" and the “ whits water,” 
and when I lived on the Ootswold Hills, both 
wore very common. Although I cannot explain 
why pasturing on some fields produces more 
cases than on other parts of the farm, or why 
sheep, grazing in some districts, arc not liable at 
all to the disease, it has always been the general 
opinion that it is most likely to occur in a flock 
after it has gone through “ a hard time wheu 
the sheep have been losing flesh for, say two or 
three weeks, and then arc put to better feed, 
either grass or turnips, and begin to thrivo very 
fast. 
I have known six or seven attacked in one day 
on my father’s farm, hut although they had re¬ 
ceived a check in their fattening just previously, 
his sheep were always good, fair mutton, and as 
the shepherd always slaughtered an affected 
sheep the instant it was secu to ho a decided 
case, it did not cause much loss, unless when it 
was red water and the sheep escaped notice till it 
had been sick some hours; then the meat would 
he red aud unfit for human food. Iu England 
sheep aro always soon twice a day, and carefully 
looked over, besides being counted, so that 
although maggots aro a thousand times more 
destructive there than here, on account of the 
black beetle striking the same as the fly, this 
frequent examination prevents much loss. Hence 
the importance of good shepherds, and of having 
a shepherd as a matter of course on every good 
farm. I believe when sheep are kept in one 
uniform growing and thriving condition they 
seldom ail. Geo. Gardner. 
®j)f |)oultnj garb. 
PACKING POULTRY FOR MARKET. 
The French inode of killing, by making an in¬ 
cision in the roof of the mouth is preferable 
when the head of the bird is to be left on, but 
that is not necessary, neither is it always dosira- 
blo ; but the custom iu tho market to which the 
fowls aro seut determines this matter. When, 
however, tho head is taken off, the skin should 
always be pulled over the stump and tied. The 
mode of picking while the bird is warm is called 
“ dry picking," and is the favorite method of 
dressing poultry for the Philadelphia market. 
There is one objection to this system, that, it 
does not improve tho appearance, although it 
does tho flavor; hut while cooking, it will 
“plump up” and come out of the oven looking 
much finer than when it went in. In addition, 
it will keep much longer than when dressed by 
the other mode. 
Another plan is, after the bird is picked, as 
above described, plunge it iu a kettle of very hot 
water, holding it there only long enough to cause 
tho bird to “ plump;” then hang it up, turkeys 
and chickens by the feet, and geese and ducks 
by tho head, until thoroughly cooled. This scald¬ 
ing makes tho fat look bright and clear, and the 
fowl to appear much fatter than it would if 
picked dry. This is the usual mode of dressing 
for the Now York markets. 
All poultry ahould he thoroughly cooled before 
packing. Then provide boxes, for they are pre¬ 
ferable to barrels; place a layer of rye Btraw 
that has boon thoroughly cleaned from dust, on 
the bottom; commence packing by placing the 
head of tho fowl against the end of the box, 
the bird lying on its breast, with tho legs extend¬ 
ed belliud it; the last ones of the layer must he 
reversed, the feet passing under each other, so 
that tho heads aro against tho other end of the 
box. This gives a uniformity of appearance, 
and a firmness in packing, that wiil prevent 
moving during transportation. Over this layer, 
place straw enough to prevent one layer from 
ooming in contact with the other; then add other 
layers, packed in the same manner until the box 
is filled. 
Care should be taken to have the box filled fall 
iu order to prevent any disarrangement of tho 
contents ; for should it become misplacod. tho 
Blun may become bo badly disfigured ae to cause 
a depreciation of the value to its owner. Those 
having extra fine poultry to send to market 
should put paper over each layer before placing 
tho straw on it: this prevents tho dust settling 
on it, and adds much to its appearance. 
The box should have the initials of tho con¬ 
signor, the number and variety of the contents, 
as well as the namo of the consignee, marked on 
it. The necessity for marking tho number and 
variety of contents is, that in case tho box is 
broken open and any portion of the contents 
raisBjng before delivery to the consignee, be 
will bo enabled to make a correct bill for the 
missing poultry. Another advantage is, that 
the consignee knows by a glance at the box 
whether it contains the desired variety ho wishes; 
if not. ho need not open it, and tho contents 
will not receive a need less handling, for some 
parties prefer a mixed box, while others do not, 
and all dealers prefer selling the entire contents 
of the box to one person, as it avoids error in 
weighing and keeping the accounts. 
Those wishing to market capon 3 , muBt bear in 
mind that they should he dry-picked, with tho 
feathers on around the head aud tho tip of the 
wings ; also the tail feathers left in ; tho small 
or pin feathers should alt bo removed. 
I’ersonB living at a distance from this or any 
other city, aud wishing lo scud their poultry to 
market for any particular occasion should for¬ 
ward it a day or two ahead of tho time usually 
needed for transportation, for it is hotter that 
tho dealer soon Id receive it even a couple of days 
too soon, thau an hour too late. 
-♦♦♦-• 
TO TELL THE AGE OF FOWLS. 
If a hen’s spur is hard, and the scales on the 
legsrough, she is old, whether you see her head or 
not, but her head will corroborate your observa¬ 
tion. If the underbill is bo stiff that you cannot 
bend it down, and tho comb thick and rough, 
leave her, no matter how fat and plump, for 
some ouo less particular. A young hen has 
only tho rudiments of spurn ; the scales on tho 
legs aro smooth, glossy and fresh colored, what¬ 
ever the color may he; the claw's tender and 
short, the nails sharp, the underbill soft and the 
comb thin and smooth. 
An odd iien turkey has rough scales on the 
legs, callosities on the solos of tho feet, and 
long, strong claws ; a young one the reverse of 
all those murks. When the feathers aro, on the 
old turkey-cock has a long tuft or beard; a 
young on© hut a sprouting one ; and when they 
are off, tho smooth scales on the legs decide tho 
point, besides tho difference iu size of the 
wattles of the neck and in tho elastic shoot upon 
the nose. 
An old goose when alive, is known by the 
rough logs, the strength of the wings, particu¬ 
larly at tho pinions, the thickness and strength 
of the bill, aud the fineness of tho feathers; 
aud when plucked, by the legs, the tenderness 
of tho skin under tho wings, by the pinions and 
the hill and the coarseness of the skin. 
Ducks aro distinguished by tho same means, 
but there is the difference Unit a duckling’s bill 
iB much longer iu proportion to the breadth of 
it« head than tho old duck's. 
A young I’ioeon is discovered by its palo color, 
smooth scales, tender, collapsed feet, and the 
yellow, long down interspersed among its feath¬ 
ers. A pigeon that can fly has always red-colored 
covered from its effects. If tho pigs are cas¬ 
trated at this tender ago, thero is less risk, on 
account of tho greater ease with which they can 
he held in the proper position, and tho small 
development of the parts. If allowed to run 
three or four months, as is too often the case, 
the parts become more sensitive, and hemorrhage 
swelling and stiffening of the parts are apt to 
follow. Wheu tho pigs are oporatod upon the 
sow should be removed to a sufficient distance 
from the pen not to he excited by the cries of 
her young, since there will he risk of her eating 
her pigs if she smells blood upon them when 
she is excited. 
Jfarm 
(Topics. 
legs and no down, aud is then too old for use as 
a squall, 
®jjr ^liiiiic-ijuTi). 
TREATMENT 
PIGS. 
As a manufacturer of pork, lard and fertilizers 
tho pig deserves good treatment, and Commis¬ 
sioner Janes truly remarks that success in rais¬ 
ing hogs depends in a great, measure upon the 
attention given pigs for tho first few mouths of 
their existence, and if proper attention is given 
them it. may he stated as a maxim that " increase 
of pigs is increase of pork.” The futnro useful¬ 
ness indeed of every animal, man included, de¬ 
pends, iu an eminent degree, upon the treat¬ 
ment, received while young, and iu no case is 
this truer than with regard to the pig. Pigs 
that are allowed to become poor or diseased, sel¬ 
dom so entirely recover as to attain equal de¬ 
velopment with those that receive no check in 
growth or health during the formative pariod. 
It is, therefore, of prime importance to keep 
pigs, from their birth, in a thriving, healthy 
condition. As soon as they can be induced to 
eat, they’ Bhould he provided with a shallow 
trough in the bow's pen, but inaccessible to her, 
to which they can resort at pleasure. Com¬ 
mence by giving them a Biuall quantity of milk, 
several times a day, being careful to feed at 
regular hours, so that they will expect it at 
those hours, aud sleep quietly during the inter¬ 
vals. Increase the quantity, aud give a little 
grain as they grow older, being careful to clean 
out the trough each time before feeding If 
the pigs have been well fed, and the bow is 
mnch reduced, they may he weaned at six weeks 
old, but if the sow is still in good condition and 
strong enough to hear the drain upon her con¬ 
stitution, they may remain with her ten or 
twelve weeks, if there is time enough to prepare 
for tho next litier. 
When only a few weeks old the boar pigs 
should bo altered and marked, and the sows 
spayed about two weeks before they are weaned, 
that they may bavp tha mother’s in ilk until re- 
BRIEFLETS. 
Ali. Work and no Flay makes Jack a dull 
boy on the farm as well as in the school, tho 
office, or the workshop ; at forty just as much as 
at twelve; aud girl having boon substituted for 
boy, tho saying is equally applicable to Joan. 
Indeed, on tho farm tho hard-worked wife and 
daughter who, in addition to getting three meals 
a day ready for half a dozen men or more, have 
been scalding curds, turning choose, and malting 
bnttor all summer, aud who every day have been 
worn out long before lying down at night by 
many other potty household earns anti labors, 
need a week or two’s rest more urgently than the 
father of tho family. Sunshine and the open 
air keep him in lusty health, hut the poor wo¬ 
men are often alternately chilled in the milk- 
room, and toasted over the hot stove, while tho 
very number of their duties frequently addB 
anxiety to labor. Now that tho pressing work 
of summer, which needed constant care and 
watchfulness is, iu a measure, over, ft fortnight 
away from homo, or at any rate free from its 
work and worry, will renew tbe youth, lengthen 
the days and smooth out the wrinkles of tho 
wife, bring hack tho roses to the cheeks of the 
daughter, buoyancy to her step, and brightness 
to her eyes, and give them both strength and 
courage for another year’s toil. Give them a 
vacation, therefore, and take one yourself ; aud 
Spend, not grudgingly, a little of tho money they 
have earned just as much as you ; aud by this 
time twelvonumth you will find in many ways 
that yoor outlay has proved an excellent invest¬ 
ment. 
Inability to get Credit iH often emphati¬ 
cally a blessing iu disguise, for the would-be 
borrower, besides escaping an embarrassing load 
of indebtedness, generally contrives to bridge 
over Ids temporary distress, and frequently 
learns, from bis hard experience, a salutary 
lesson in thrift and industry that benefits him for 
tho remainder of liiB life. Not only does this 
hold true with regard to privato individuals but 
also with respect to public corporations. Tho 
Southern railroads, for instauco, wIioho poor 
credit saved them from contracting great mort¬ 
gage debts during the era of expansion, are now 
the most, prosperous of those in any section of 
the country, riofarastho futuro is concerned, 
therefore, it should often iuspint rather than dis¬ 
courage a man to find his path toward the slough 
of indebtedness blocked by a firm refusal of 
credit. 
Selecting Seed Corn is host done while husk¬ 
ing. You can then see at a glance the size and 
$nhstrial Implements, 
YOUNGLOVE & CO. 
The old established Cleveland Agricultural 
Works, are now under tho control of Younglove 
<fc Co. The well-known American Cider M ills are 
of the famed products of this house, and have 
been greatly improved this year. Tho improve¬ 
ments in this mill consist in a new arrangement 
of the hopper, whereby apples of the largest size 
aro as tliorougly reduced as tho smallest; steel 
edges on tho flanges of the Cutting Roller en- 
suriiig greater durability, cftiolenoy and more 
complete action; a change In tho Gearing, by 
means of which one-third less power is required; 
lowering the crank shaft; thus rendering the 
mill much easier for the operator to turn ; the 
addition of a second crank. These additions 
make the “American” a very desirable mill. 
This house alBo makes a corn shelter that has 
tho advantago of being adapted for either right 
or left hand, and Iirb open internal gearing 
which provonts all breakage or retention of tbe 
kernels. AdditiuuaUy it has a spur gearing at¬ 
tached, with holt fly-wheel permitting the appli¬ 
cation of horse power if desired. This firm 
are, also, agents for most of the host-known 
Agricultural Implement Manufacturers, and can 
supply all needs iu that lino. Tho offices are at 
Cleveland, Ohio. 
-»-» ♦ -- —— 
INSECT-DESTROYING MACHINE. 
There has been recently patented by Mr. K. 
C. Atwood of Now York, an insect-destroying 
machine of the most formidable proportions. It 
is quite largo and tho body nearly resembles a 
sulky-plow attachment. This brief oxtract from 
the “ specifications ” will give an idea of the 
modus operandi. 
Tho nature of my invention consists in at¬ 
taching to the axlo of the machine a light stove, 
and connecting the same with a blower or hollows 
Oy means of a tube. Surmounting this tube, 
aud close to the stove, is located tho hopper for 
the reception of the destroying compound, whilo 
the lower flection of the stove is connected with 
an OHcape-pipe having attached thereto a series 
of floxihle tubes, by moans of which the fumes 
of the compound are carried to tho ground. At¬ 
tached by suitable moans to tho rear of the axle 
is a horizontal bar to which is secured tho apron 
or cover designed to prevent the escape of the 
fames after being delivered by tho flexible tubes. 
fithstrial jlorictics, 
SUPPLEMENTAL FAIR LIST. 
(Continued from Page 91, Aug. 11.) 
COUNTY AND LOCAL—NEW YORK. 
Allegany, Angelica...Oct. 2, 4 
Ann»villc and Lee. Tuborg.Hop!.. 21. 28 
Cattaraugus, Randulpl......Sept. 12, It 
Chenango. Norwich...............Sopt. 24,20 
Duel mss, Washington Mellow....Sept. 25,27 
Erie, Hamburg. Hept. II, 11 
Uouvuruuur. St. Lawrence Co. .Aug. 29. :u 
Montgomery. Fonda... ..Sept. 11,12 
Oawogatehlc. Ogiiensburg.......Hept. 5 7 
Oxford. Chenango Co.Sept. 18, 20 
Wiulleld. West Wlnflclii.Sept,, 4, (i 
Wyoming, Warsaw.......Sept. 25, 28 
length of stalk, and judge of tho earliness, sound¬ 
ness and other qualities or the corn. I'urity of 
variety, smallness of cob easily broken iu husk- 
ing, plump, thick-set kernels, regularity of rows, 
length of ear, a Bmall, well-lilled top—are the 
characteristics to guide your choice. Etas that 
have become wet before buskiug should never 
bo saved for seed, however perfect iu other re¬ 
spects, as wetting and drying injures the gormi- 
native powers. The ears should he always kept 
under cover, in a dry, still atmosphere. If frozen 
when wet, the germ is utterly ruined. It takes 
but little extra care and labor now to look to 
your seed corn, aud make the best selections of 
other seeds also, and proper attention at present 
will be richly rewarded next year. 
The Cheapest Meat for the Farmer is 
mutton. It may safely be said to cost nothing, 
as the fleece from a sheep of a good breed will 
amply pay for its keeping. Then, for additional 
profit, thero are a lamb or two, the pelt of tbe ani¬ 
mal if killed at home, the excellent manure from 
its droppings, and the riddance of tbe pastures 
from weeds, to which sheep aro destructive foes. 
With tho exception of poultry, mutton is also the 
most convenient meat for tho farmer. A sheep 
is easily killed and dressed, by a single hand in 
an hour, and in tho warmest weather it can be 
readily disposed of before it spoils. Heicuce and 
experience both declare it's the healthiest kind 
of meat, aud a foolish prejudice alone prefers 
pork, which, whether fresh or salt, is the uu- 
liealthiest of all. When people gain rnqre wis- 
jlqqt, farmers will keep more sheep. 
North Waldo, Thorndike.Sept. • 
NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
Cheshire, Keene.Sept. 25,26 
VERMONT. 
Rutland, Rutland.Sept. 0. 7 
Windham. Ne.wfane .Sept. 12,13 
Windsor, Woodstock...Sept. 25,27 
CONNECTICUT. 
Danbury. Fairlleld Co.Oct. 2, 6 
Middlesex, Middletown.Sept. 25.28 
Watertown, Li toll lie Id Co. Sept. 25. 27 
NEW JERSEY. 
Burlington, Mt. Holly...Oct. 9,11 
Monmouth. Freehold.Sept. 11, 13 
Warren, Belvldorit...Sopt. 11,14 
PENNSYLVANIA. 
Bradford. Kant Towundtt.Sept. 26, 28 
1 natter. West Chester.Sept. 20.22 
Mifflin, Lewlsiown.... ..Sept. 25. 28 
Troy Kill mem' Club, Bradford Co.Sept. 13,14 
MISSOURI. 
Boone. Columbia.............Sept. 11, 15 
Boone, Sturgeon.......Aug. 28, Sept. I 
Calloway. Fulton.Aug. 22. 26 
Jack&on. Kiinxas City.Sept. 17, 23 
Lewis, Lagrange...Sept. 211. SO 
Platte. Platte City...Sept. 4, II 
l'ettls. Sedalia..Sept. 24, IKI 
I'lku, Louisiana.SepC 25, all 
Randolph, Huntsville..Sept. 19, 23 
Sallee. Miami .Aug. IS, Sept. I 
Saline. Brownsville.Sept. 11. la 
Saline. Marshall.Sept. 4, 8 
NEBRASKA. 
Casa, Plattsmouth.Cot. 3, 5 
Cl a - . Sutton... .Oct. «». 6 
Fillmore. Fait mount....,.Oei. 3. ft 
Frank lid. Bloomington.Sept. Id, 20 
Hamilton. Aurora.Sept. 21.2* 
Jefferson, Fulrbury...Hct. 2, 4 
Johnson. Teeumseh.. ....Sept, -0. 2*. 
Liuicawtcr, Lincoln...Sepl. 21, 2a 
Merrick,Central City. 
Nuimtht. Brownvllle...hept. 19.21 
(Hoe, Syracuse....Sept. 18,'2U 
Pawnee Pawnee City. 
Plmte, Columbus....Get. 3. 5 
Bullue, Crete. .Supt. I'd, 14 
Webster. Red Cloud. ..feegt. 18, 20 
