SEPT. 8 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
453 
of management, ho that raising young turkeys 
was to them quite as easy as raising chickens in 
limited numbers. Of course, however, they 
must be in a placo with full liberty, for turkey¬ 
raising cannot bo successful without a good 
range. 
One of the first requisites I found attended to, 
was a change of gobbler every year, instead of 
in-and-in breeding, which is ho often practiced. 
Now for tho feeding. Turkeys are very peculiar 
in their choice of food. They seem to require 
more frequent change of diet than chickens, 
and food of a more substantial character; the 
Industrial |mjiltintnfs, 
CONCERNING SCALES. 
Few things exist without some reason for ex¬ 
isting ; and this trite axiom is, of course, appli¬ 
cable to scales. Any man of intelligence will 
assent to tho above; but if one proceeds to a 
personal application of tho fact, and puts a 
point-blank question to a farmer: “Why, then, 
does not your class moro generally use scales ?” 
We have known men, hv experimenting in this 
way to ascertain that they were getting from $1 
to ©1.20 for corn, when it would only sell for 40 
or 50 cents; and the use of the scales is equally 
advantageous in weighing cattle or other kinds 
of stock. In selling grain, the farmer can weigh 
his wagon, then his load, aud ho knows to a 
pound how much he has on. lie ahso finds it a 
great satisfaction to know that he receives hon¬ 
est weight. In dividing crops between landlord 
and tenant, a Beale is very convenient and saves 
all disputes. For weighing hams, butter, cheese, 
etc., which tho farmer sellB, a small scale is oon- 
ieitir Information. 
HINTS ON THE CARE OF THE EYES. 
There are, perhaps, moro individuals who as¬ 
cribe their weakness of sight to a use of their 
oyes uuder an insufficient artificial illumination 
than to any other one cause, Iu a groat many 
instances this may not be strictly true, bnt there 
can ho no doubt that faulty artificial light is one 
of tho most productive causes of a certain class 
STOCK SCALE MANUFACTURED BY CHICAGO SCALE CO. 
way my successful neighbors food is, first 
wheat-bread crumbs, and choppod hard-boiled 
eggs ; next a little oat-moal and broad moistened 
with water, so as to make a stiff crumbly dough; 
another timo pot-chceso without any salt, and 
occasionally a little corn-meal. Often with their 
other food they get lettuce ft ml onion-topH chop¬ 
ped up, or small onions : of these they are very 
fond. Change from one to another of these and 
other such kinds of food every day, and by watch¬ 
ing tho birds while feeding, you will soon perceive 
what they like best. Do not persist in giving 
them one kind of food too long. You will notice 
that they are sometimes quite indifferent to 
some sorts of food offered them, not Appearing 
hungry. This is the great point to watch. Hoe¬ 
ing they do not take the food offered, give them 
a chango and they will often eat very heartily ; 
vdthout this chango they would probably have 
gone away so hungry as to get weak and perhaps 
die. This craving for chango of diet is also 
noticed in tho case of fowls and ducks, and 
many other kinds of stock, bnt not to such a de¬ 
gree as with young turkeys. By watching their 
inclinations and humoring them, many kinds of 
stock can be raised moro successfully than is gen¬ 
erally done; but this is especially true with tur¬ 
keys. 
Bo careful they do not got any salt food, for 
salt is poison to them. 
The turkey mother should be cooped out on a 
grass plot, as soon as her young brood are fit to 
move from the nest; the coop should be large 
aud roomy. Inolose & small yard, say five to ten 
feet square, one board high, in front of the 
coop, so that the little ones cannot ramble off, 
which they are likely to do without such a pre¬ 
caution. When tsvo weeks old, the boards may 
be taken down, aud a few days after, tho hen 
may be allowed her liberty if she does not prove 
too wild, und if this bo tho ease, ooop her for a 
longer time, but be sure to keep up the aamo 
good feeding till the young ones are sir weeks 
old, when they will provide more for themselves. 
A good way to keep them from straying away too 
muoh, is to feed them every time they come 
home, and your trouble will bo repaid by roaring 
a largo percentage of excellent birds. 
Henry Hales. 
The following is a literal copy of a label 
affixed to the cage of some fowls that were ex¬ 
hibited at a poultry show; “ 1 Pare Coach and 
Chinas.” 
lie will see the subject in quite another light., or, 
mayhap, declare he has no need, personally, for 
tho services of an article he can command at 
second-hand. Others, again, will confess square¬ 
ly that they never looked at tho subject from 
that point of view. 
It is in just such apparent trifles that the pro¬ 
gressive, flourishing agriculturist is distinguished 
from the plodding, rut-bewitched farmer, and wo 
Hhall be more than satisfied if we can put accept¬ 
ably before the lattor clasB a few pregnant facts 
concerning the use of scales, that will enable 
them to see how effectually they stand in their 
own light, by not adopting any or all tried meth¬ 
ods of progress. 
Everybody will admit that a fence around a 
farm is very needful j but, important as it is, it 
will not save as much money in tho course of the 
year, to the farmer, as will tho intelligent use of 
scales. 
Farming iB as much a busiuoss venture as sell¬ 
ing dry-goods, etc., and, to be conducted so as to 
secure the greatest possible success, should be 
controlled by the same methods mainly. Exact 
accounts alone enable a man to ascertain bis 
commercial condition, aud if farmers could hut 
bo made to understand this, it would ho a gloomy 
day for mortgages and other dead weights that 
drag their properties down to the auctioneer’s 
block. 
A scale is the essence of exactness, and it is by 
itu intelligent and constant use that a farmer is 
sure to raise a barrier against, imposition, as well 
to ascertain important facts, which, carried to 
just conclusions, result in material gain, not to 
speak of the moral satisfaction, which, like Borne 
pearls, is above price. For example: Every 
farmer who raises or deals iu stock, or raises 
hay or grain, to feed or sell, cannot afford to bo 
without a largo scale. If he is feeding a lot of 
hogs, ho should weigh them when he commences 
feeding, and then weigh the corn he feeds to 
them. He knows the price of hogs when he 
commences feeding; he knows what his corn is 
worth per bushel; and by weighing bis hogs 
from timo to time he is able to ascertain just 
what he is gotting for his corn, aud whether it 
would pay hotter to sell or to feed; he knows 
just what his pork coat him ; he can toll when it 
will pay best to sell; ho can tell whether it will 
pay best to food in warm or cold weather; he 
can tell at all times, by getting tho market re¬ 
ports, just what hogs are worth, and ho is able 
to detect any errors or mistakos, if not to sell, to 
be weighed on his own scale at home, 
venient, as well as to weigh tho groceries, etc., 
which he buys. It is often a great satisfaction 
to know tho weight of an article without guess¬ 
ing at it. 
It is never a good plan to trust to woigh-mas- 
torH in such cases. Justice is represented as 
blindfolded ; but sho must have been fast asleep 
in one instance, whore a farmer weighed his cat¬ 
tle, drove them a short distance to market, and 
found, to his dismay, that the stock had shrunk 
somo 1,100 pounds, according to the public 
Hcalos. A dispute arose. Tho farmer maintain¬ 
ed his weight was trustworthy, and It all ended 
by ripping up the floor of tho public scale, to 
find the levers embedded In mud; aud yet all 
parties had acted from the best of motives, only 
the breeders of tho Community had lost thou¬ 
sands of dollars by supposing that a private 
scale, known to be hi good repair, was no partic¬ 
ular benefit. 
Do not, then, lot tho consideration of a fow 
dollars' expenditure deter you from equipping 
your farms with an implement that will more 
than savo tho original outlay each year. 
There are many trustworthy firms in the scale 
business, aud among others, the Chicago Soale 
Co., Chicago, Ill. This company has recently 
made sweeping reductions In its price lists, while 
maintaining its high standard of excellence in 
manufacture. Among its thirty odd patterns is 
included the Farm, Hay and Btook Beale, former 
price, ©160; now reduced to ©60. The work¬ 
manship and accuracy of all Monies are guar,m 
teed, and so explicit aro the directions for put¬ 
ting them up that the greenest hand can scarcely 
blunder. 
Labor being cheap and abundant, and Chicago 
being a local shipping point, this Company is en¬ 
abled to make very captivating offers to those 
who have the wisdom to embrace thorn. Partic¬ 
ulars will be Bent to those sufficiently interested 
to apply for them. 
-» ♦ ♦- 
Owino to the large crops, money will undoubt¬ 
edly be easy and farmers will now be enabled to 
invest in labor saving farm implements which, 
more than anything, perhaps, will aid them in 
keeping “forehanded." It is an opportunity 
not to be neglected. 
Has any one soon or heard of a really effec¬ 
tive, practical appliance for destroying grass¬ 
hoppers or their eggs ? Hero is a chance for 
inventive genius. 
There is a marked improvement In tho de¬ 
mand for swivel plows iu some sections of the 
country. 
of injuries, to which the eye can be exposed. 
The two sourcosof trouble with tho ordinary ar¬ 
tificial lights are--first, that they are not pure 
white, and secondly that they are unsteady. The 
first defect is found in all artificial lights except 
the lime, olectric and magnesium lights; the 
latter especially in candles and gas. Tho yel¬ 
lowness is, in a measure, counteracted by using, 
in the case of lamps and gas, chimneys of a 
violet or blue tint, and tho flickering of tho gas 
may bo obviated largely by employing an Argand 
burner. All thi'igs considered, u German stu¬ 
dent-lamp furnishes the roost satisfactory light. 
The next best is gas with an Argand burner. 
The chimneys of both may. as above suggested, 
be advantageously of a light-blue tint. 
The position of the light in relation to the 
body is of groat importauco. If a shade is used 
on tho lamp or burner (it should, by preference, 
bo of ground or “milk " glass, never of colored 
glass,) the light may stand directly in front of 
the body and tho work be allowed to lie in tho 
light under tho shade, which will protect tho 
eyes from the glare of tho flame. If no 
shado iB used, the back should bo turned to 
the Bource of light, which ought to fall over the 
left shoulder, Tho same rule applies iu the 
management of daylight. In this case, the light 
should come from behind and slightly above, 
and fall directly on tho work, whence it iH reflect¬ 
ed to the eye, It should never fall directly on 
tho face. 
. , - -- 
It Is surprising that veterinary surgeons 
should bo so uncommon in this country. Their 
vocation is as honorable and philanthropic as 
that of ministering to the needs of man, and is 
much more profitable. We love horsoH and in¬ 
vest millions in them; wo die and leave our 
wealth to societies for the prevention of cruelty; 
but if our valuable stock becomes sick, we 
Btraigbtway turn it over to the tender mercies of 
a quack, whose theory and practice are alike 
destructive to the patient. There is a field open 
to young men In this profession, and fledgling 
M.D.’s, who are waiting for practice, might 
profitably turn their attention In this direction. 
Tho old established Now York College of Vete¬ 
rinary Burgeons, is about to open its regular 
course, aud tho list of the faculty is an earnest of 
the thorough work that will ho done. The fees 
aro small: living is cheap in New York, if you 
elect to live plainly, and all iu all, wo think this 
is a subject to which young men should turn 
their serious attention. 
