SEPT. S 
surfaces. It is used in varnishes and paints and 
for the “stuffing " of wood which is to he pol¬ 
ished, as for pianos, coach work, line furniture, 
and parquette floors. Electrotypors and plas¬ 
terers use wax in forming their molds. Wax is 
an important Ingredient in preparations for cov¬ 
ering the surfaces of polished iron and steel to 
prevent rust. Combined with tallow, it forms 
the coating for canvas and cordage to prevent 
mildew, as in sails, awnings, etc. Artificial 
Powers consumo much wax, and despite the in¬ 
troduction of paraffine, scrosiu, and miueral 
wax, its uso appears to bo extending. One of 
the oldest of its applications is in the laundry, 
and polishing woodwork. 
Thk following statistics of paper-making are 
given on the authority of Itudel. of Vienna, Aus¬ 
tria : It appears that there are 3,900 paper-man¬ 
ufacturers iu tho world, employing 80,000 men 
and 180,000 women, besides tho 100,000 employed 
in tho rag trade ; 1,800,000,000 pounds of paper 
are produced annually. One-half iB used in 
printing, ft sixth for writing, and tho remainder 
for packing and for other purposes. Tho United 
States averages 17 pounds per head; an Eng¬ 
lishman consumes 11 }i pounds; a Gorman, 8 
pounds; a Frenchman, 7 pounds; an Italian, 3}£ 
pounds; a Spaniard, 1}^ pound; and a Russian 
ouly 1 pound annually, on an average. 
To keep nails mow hosting may be accom¬ 
plished without difficulty by heating a quantity 
of them on a shovel, and throwing them, while 
quite hot, into a vessel of coarse oil or melted 
grease. Tho nails should not ho so hot that the 
grease will ho made to smoke freely. Cnt nails 
prepared iu this manner nro improved in every 
respect. They arc rendered tougher and they 
will outlast, any kind of wood, even though buried 
in tho ground; while unprepared nails are com¬ 
pletely destroyed by rust. In a very short timo. 
Op the cot,oh op plowkhs Linnaus says that 
yellow indicates Litter llavov ; red, acid or sour ; 
green, a crude alkaline taste ; pale-green, it- 
sipidity; white, luscious ; black, harsh and 
nauseous. Green is most common, and black 
tho most rare. No flower has its proper color 
until in full bloom ; some change two or three 
times ; red changes into whito and blue ; blue 
into whito and yellow ; yellow into white ; and 
whito into purple. 
In Jefferson, the average is $30.54, and in 
Herkimer it is $39.71. These figures show an 
annual dairy product of $8,142,059 iu the four 
comities named. 
Lewis County, with a population of only 
29,23(5, milks 32,1-11 cows, being 2,905 cows in 
excess of its entire population. Ilia value of 
theso cows is, $1,134,935, and tho value of their 
annual product is $1,065,47-1. 
tit. Lawrence County with a population of 
84,124, milks 90,649 cows, being 4,525 cows in ex¬ 
cess of population. They make in families, 
8,540,746 pounds of butter, and their annual 
dairy product is $3,070,525, fromun investment 
of $3,172,715 cows. 
Every cow milked in Jefferson County yields a 
product worth $17.85 more than the average 
annual product of a cow in other States ; and 
e very cow milked in Herkimer County yiolds $21. 
more than such general average. Examination 
of statistics would undoubtedly show approxi- 
mat ' similar results in numerous othor coun¬ 
ties. - 
Taking Senator Starbook's figures and com¬ 
paring tho average annual product per cow, wo 
have the following : 
Average annual product per cow iu tho whole 
country, exclusive of New York State, $18 69; 
average product per cow iu Now York State, 
$84.00; average per cow in Jefferson County, 
$36-54; average per cow in Herkimer County, 
$89.71 ; average per cow in Lewis County 
$33.18; avorago per cow in St. Lawrence County, 
98. 
Thus it will bo seen from the Senator’s figures 
that Herkimer County cows yield tho largest 
average of any in the counties named, and $21 
per eow more than the average of the Stato. 
These statistics show welt for Herkimer County 
and are an amide vindication of tho slur npOh 
Herkimer County dairymen put forth iu a recent 
speech l>y Ha.uhis Lewis that “tho majority 
of Herkimer County dairymen are five hundred 
years behind tho dairymen of the counties of 
Durham and Yorkshire, England, in the improve¬ 
ment of dairy stock," and that “ tboy have be¬ 
come joined to their i As, awl Hitch scrub dairy 
slock as other people, do not want, awl will sell 
cheap." 
If such bo his estimato of Herkimer County 
dairymen, what must it bo of dairymen in Lewis, 
Jefferson, and St. Lawrence Counties, as well as 
of those in tho State at largo. It is always well 
to consult statistics before making up an opinion 
of this character, and we trust friend Lewis 
will revise his speech for the next convention. 
and give to the animals immediately. While 
the disease is prevailing in the country, this 
remedy ought to be given twice a week for two 
weeks, then once a week and afterwards once a 
month. A cure for worms also. 
Make concentrated lye into soap by tho usual 
rule; take one pail of the soap to fifty hogs; 
put it iu a kettle, add water and two pounds of 
copperas, boil it; then add dish-water and milk, 
or anything to make it taste good, till you have 
about what tho hogs will drink. Just when 
ready to let the hogs in, scatter two pounds of 
soda in tho troughs; tho object is to have it 
foaming as the hogs come to drink. Tho 
next day go through with the same operation. 
After the second day, skip a day, then give for 
two days, and you may turn them out cured. If 
you cannot get tho hog to drink, then knock 
him on the head to prevent him from giving tho 
disease to the others. 
Turnips, it is very strongly claimed, are a 
certain preventive of tho disease, and unless tho 
hog is too far gone to eat, the uso of them, fed 
exclusively, will infallibly euro him. Major 
Mellon, the discoverer of this specific, has so 
strong a belief in its efficacy that ho has filed a 
claim for a reward of $10,000, offored by the 
Stato of Missouri for tho discovery of a remedy 
for this disease. 
Those prescriptions have been carefully se¬ 
lected from a number of othors ap; >arontly loss 
trustworthy, because in nearly overy case, in¬ 
stances aro specified, in which each has proved 
entirely efficacious. Most of them have appeared 
in BOvoral papers and whero one of these has 
failed to givo such an example, it has boon sup¬ 
plied by another. Li view of the enormous 
lossos incurred by this malady, it is well that 
every farmer should be acquainted with Home of 
tho remedies which his fellow-farmers vouch for 
as effectual, so that he may at once on the ap¬ 
proach or attack of the disease, tost the efficacy 
of that specific which best recommends itself 
to his judgment, or which ho can most conveni¬ 
ently apply. 
SUBSCRIBERS 
It'' has] become quite common for 
“ Club ” and other Agents, in their 
competition, to “ cut ” the regular 
prices of papers, taking subscriptions 
for what they can get. 
Such methods are unfair, and in 
the end injure all who are concerned 
We deem it their due to warn our 
subscribers that we shall firmly main¬ 
tain our regular prices, and promptly 
refuse all subscriptions that are taken 
under rates.’ 
PROPERTIES OF STEAM 
Whenever notified of such instan 
The properties of steam should bo generally 
known how that frequent references aro made to 
them in hooks and conversation, while tho ele¬ 
ment itself is yearly coming into more extensivo 
uso on overy farm. 
Steam arising from water at its boiling poiut, 
is equal to tho pressure of the atmosphere, 
which is 14.72322 tbs. upon a square inch at 6(5°. 
In all calculations concerning steam, it is nec¬ 
essary to have some or all of tho following ele¬ 
ments, viz.: 
Its Pressure, which is termed its tension or 
elastic force, and is expressed in pounds per 
square inch. 
Its Tempekatuee, which is the number of de¬ 
grees of heat indicated by a thermometer im¬ 
mersed in it. 
Its Density, which is tho weight of a unit of 
its volume compared with that of water. 
Ira Relative Volume, which is the space oc¬ 
cupied by a given weight or volume of steam, 
compared with tho weight or volume of the water 
that produced it. 
Steam in contact with water is at its maximum 
density. 
Under tho pressure of tho atmosphere alone, 
tho temperature of water cannot he raised above 
its boiling point. 
The Expansive force of the steam of all fluids 
is the same at thoir boiling point. 
A cubic inch of water, evaporated under tho 
ordinary atmospheric pressure, is converted into 
1700 cubic inches of steam, or in a unit or meas¬ 
ure, nearly 1 cubic foot, aud it exerts a mechan¬ 
ical force equal to tho raising of 2120 pounds 1 
foot high. 
Of steam, 27.2222 cubic feet at the pressure of 
the atmosphere, weighs 1 pound avoirdupois. 
The Velocity of steam, when flowing iuto a 
vacuum, is about 1550 feet per second, when at 
an* expansive power equal to the atmosphere. 
When at JO atmospheres the velocity is increased 
to but 1780 feet; and when flowing into the air 
under a similar pressure, it is about 650 feet per 
second, increasing to 1600 feet for a pressure of 
20 atmospheres. 
and Parisincry 
ces, we shall carefully invest igate the 
facts, and sever all business relations 
with the offending party. If the 
money has reached us, it will he re¬ 
funded and the paper stopped, with 
an explanation to the subscriber of 
our reasons for so doing. 
STOVER 
WIND ENBI9EC0 
Freeport, Ill., and Green- 
castle, Pa. 
HOG CHOLERA - PREVENTIVES AND 
CURES. 
Miinurr’s of the celebrated 
Btovbk Automatic wind 
M il l., winch carrlud off Hie 
liigtiekt hum,rat tho Oente.u- 
i l utI Exposition, Philadelphia, 
1 st*!, ni ii perfect -olf-roauln- 
ttng winil mill. 
Also. maim fur Hirers of the 
MTO V E It TW KNTV - 1)01,f.AH 
OSCILLATING Kuril) (III IN II ICIt, 
for ten and twelve. Juot pump- 
ln« mills. A novel and eco¬ 
nomical grinder for runners’ 
use. Capacity, 10 to 2(1 bushels 
per day, and pump st rhe iaino 
time.. Agent* wanted. Send 
for Circular to above address. 
The ravages of hog cholera are confined to 
no single locality or climate, aud have, probably, 
been more disastrous to the porcino race than 
all the othor diseases to which it is subject. 
Hitherto no sat isfactory diagnosis of the malady 
lias been made, nor has any certain specific 
remedy for it been discovered. Tho efficacy of 
several preventives and oven of a euro or two 
are vouched for, however, by reliable men in 
different parts of the country, and as a trial of 
some of these may ho of advantage to some of 
our readers, we have for somo timo hack been 
collecting them from the different journals in 
which they have been described, and here con¬ 
dense those among our collection, which seem 
to have the most trustworthy endorsement. 
Give regularly in thoir food, about twice 
a week, half a teaepoonful of spirits of 
turpentine to each hog, and keep salt where 
they can use it at their pleasure. This, it is 
oonrideutly claimed, lias not only proved thor 
oughly effeotlvo in preventing tho disease, even 
when the hogs wore allowed to run with those 
that were constantly dying with it, hut hogs 
have been cured by it that were seriously 
affected. 
Another gentleman states, that although his 
neighbors have for years been losing their hogs 
he lias never soon any symptoms of it among hiM 
own, and he attributes it to the onions which ho 
is very careful to have cooked with their food at 
least twice a week. 
Aud still another claims that his exemption 
from sharing with his neighbors’ heavy losses 
by the disease must be owing to his practice of 
cooking poke salad or root iu their food at least 
once a week. 
Another silys : Take one teacupful of pulver¬ 
ized copperas and mix with one gallon of salt; 
aud salt the hogs with the mixture twice a week 
regularly while the disease prevails in your 
neighborhood. This is said to he a sure preven¬ 
tive, and has been known to cure in many 
instances after the disease has commenced. 
Take blue vitriol—often called blue stone—at 
the rate of a tablespoonful for every ton grown 
hogs or fifteen pigs; use enough of water to 
dissolve it, then add a sufficiency of fresh milk 
These stringent measures areneces 
CHAMPION or THE WORLD! 
So Decided at the Centennial. 
tection of the interests of our local 
The CHAMPION GRAIN DRILL 
agents, anti in justice to our suhscrih 
SINULE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE 
One Year - - - $2.50 
Manufactured With or without Fertilizer and Grans 
Send Attachments. Also, the; DavtB’ 1’atent Hoe 
Sldfter mid Spring Tubes. 
U >> ill sow Wheat. Kyo, Oats, f’e.us, Burley. Buck- 
wlnVu, Corn, Clover and Timothy Seed, PI inter. 
Lime Annus, Guano, Bone I)Ust uml the dBTerent 
Phosphates, and /floid Corn uml Boa ns jar Uw crop 
suecess/ultu- Manufactured fiy 
JOHNSON, CERE iV TRUMAN, 
Owau, Tiouu Co., N.Y. 
A liberal discount to Cash Outtumers. 
Send for DoNorintive Circular and deport of the 
Judges of the Centennial. Principal Agencies: 
NASH A. HIU)., ii Chinetf St., New York. 
NASII & BUG., !Inrrir huiv. Pa. 
K. U. WHITMAN, 117 W. I’mt.r St., JBalto., Md. 
GKO. II. I-OWI,I-’it. Petrol . Mich. 
B. ('. STILES, General Ageut, Owefio, N. Y. 
IN CLUBS OF FIVE OR WORE 
SCIENTIFIC AND II8EFUL NOTES. 
“Osgood's Patent Combination 
The uses of wax aro numerous and important. 
Its property of protecting tissues and preventing 
mold and mildew was well known to the ancients 
who used coroeloth for embalming and wax for 
encaustic paintingB, as iu tho wall pictures of 
Pompeii. Wax candles and tapers play an im¬ 
portant part In the ceremonies of the Roman 
Catholic Church. Wax is used by the manufac¬ 
turers of glazed, ornamental, aud wall papers, 
and on paper collars and cuffs for polishing the 
Our Premiums please everybody 
We want good Agents. 
Fully warranted, and guaranteed the ntrongext, most 
accurate ittit] durable, .scales of like cup;icily made iu 
the United States. 
“OneooiP* Patent” 4 Ton Ikon Lkvkk 
Wagon Scale..... ....— 
“ Osgood's Patent.” 4 Ton Wood Lever 
\v7igon Soule.. . 
“Guy’s Piiient” 4 Ton Scale Irons. 
BINGHAMTON SCALE WORKS, 
„ Binghamton, N. 
RURAL PUBLISHING CO 
F78 Duane St., New York 
