THE FATE OF THE CZARS 
It maybe Interesting just now to note what 
history and rumor say of the fate of tee czars of 
Russia. From Hurte (802) te Jurle, or George I. 
(1150.) who built Moscow, i here were seventeen 
dukes ol Kiev. To these followed sixteen grand 
dukes or Vladimir, uullng with Jurle or George 
III. in 1325. The succeeding sovereigns, nine in 
number, bore the title of grand dukes of Moscow. 
Inl5iT commences the list or czars of Muscovy, 
whose territorial boundaries have spread by pur¬ 
chase, but chleily by conquest, until they reach 
PUZZLER ANSWERS.—Sept. 15 
Hidden Nov em.— l, Bleak House: 2, Unoonmu’r 
end Traveler; 3, A mle of Two Cities; 4. Ollvei 
Twist: 5, Martin Cliuzzlewit; 8, Our Mutual Friend 
7, American Notes; 8, Little Oorrit; I), Edwin Drood 
jo. Master Humphrey's Clock: 11, Hard Times; 12 
Old Curiosity Shop; 13, David Ooppbifleld. 
Then Arabella could take Gbetcbkn’s place, 
and tote the wood and water, flour, moat and 
meal, from their respective places, on her head, 
to the kitchen; plow the fields and harvest the 
grain, shoulder the produce and toko it to mar- 
k^tt* 
Meanwhile, wliat quiet, Interesting (7) homes 
would be found In our own country. Mothers 
would hear no pleasant girlish gossip to remind 
them of other days, and no sweet voice would be 
heard asking, “ What Is the next thing you wish 
me to do, mother?" 
Fathers would bo able to keep well-filled 
pockctbooks; for there would be no call tor pin- 
money, to purchase ribbons, rufllts, Jewels, and 
all the little etcetera* which go to make up a 
dainty toilet. There would be no merry laughter 
rlppllug forth rrom snowy throats, no rustle of 
dainty garments In the hall or garden walks; 
the old piano would stand year after year, aching 
for the pink finger-tips to call forth sweet-har¬ 
monies. The furniture In the great nnusod par¬ 
lor would grow dusty and moth-eaten, for want, 
of use. Worst of all, the you eg gentlemen whose 
only important duty Is to amuse this maligned 
sex, w ould be disconsolat ely wandering about the 
desolate streets, and wishing oh, so earnestly! 
for the gills to llnlsli their apprenticeship, and 
return to their accustomed haunts. For “It la 
deuced lonesome without the pretty creatures.' 
There is so much said and w ritten against the 
girls of our country, that, really, If they were not 
a magnanimous race of beings, a war of exterma- 
natlon would have, long ago, been declared 
against these everlasting faultllnders. 
The truth is, girls do work with hand, head 
and heart. It Is no sign because they do not 
stand In the public highway to wash dishes, 
make bread and beds, wash, iron and churn and 
do the thousand-and-eleven odds and ends that 
are to be done id every well-regulated bouse hold, 
that, they do not know these things practically as 
well as theoretically. 
Let those who arc always crying out i gainst 
“our girls” show us live that know nothing of 
the tedious routine of household duties, and we 
will show them, Jor every five, twenty time* that 
number, who can, and do carry on tne domestic 
machinery In well-ordered homes. And yet so 
quietly do they work that but few are aware 
that the average girl knows anything of actual 
labor. 
—- ♦♦♦-- 
QUESTIONS FOR “FREE LANCE.” 
Sir:— Do you think It fair, In your attack on 
Ermengakde, to compare duelling (which was a 
matter of honor) to Intemperance, or to make the 
latter a question of virtue when it is mostly 
brought about, and kept up by licensed rumsHlers, 
who have no more vlrluq, than a turkey buzzard, 
and no more honor than a Jackal ? Who mock at 
human reeling, hunt up and follow their vicilms 
like blasts of prey, and are not, satisfied until 
they have drained the last drop of imbalance, or 
manhood, of Intellect, of life, liberty, and happi¬ 
ness? Who cun only be reached by the passage 
of a law that shall deprive them of the power to 
lnillct untold misery for their unholy gains 1 / 
Do you not know that the reason why the 
daughters of women “study fashion plates" In¬ 
stead of physiology or other useful matters, is 
that to read the one Is to be applauded, while an 
attempt to gain a knowledge of the other Is to 
make one’s self a target for the Jeers and sneers of 
your own sex? That In the majority of cases, 
women are selected as wives by the wealthy, re¬ 
fined, and intelligent among men, for being fash¬ 
ionably dressed and appearing pretty, sweet, and 
silly, and displaying a cbild-llko Ignorance on all 
subjects save only those which pertain to the 
toilet. 
Women have learned that, the less thought and 
information they have, the more men will notice, 
admire, woo and marry them. 'Ihu wise niBn 
wantet b a wife that, like his dog, followeth when 
lie wblfltlclli, that questlonetb not, neither mak- 
eth rep] v, nor tellclh him the right ot things in 
his own household. 
And, sir, mu you be so heartless as to lllng In 
the face of womankind the world's “ moral and 
physical ugliness” and deformity, when you must 
know that i he lords and masters of the laboring 
classes, whose a lves are the mothersof a large ma¬ 
jority of earth's inhabitants, Impose upon women 
while fulfilling tho ollic.es ol maternity, tasks and 
burdens that they would withhold rrom a dumb 
brute ? That, at such times, these men have less 
earn and consideration for their wives, whom 
they have vowed to cherish and protect, than 
they have for the beasts within their stalls or for 
the cattle in their fields? In tho name of reason 
and humantiy. do you advocate withholding from 
woman anything that will release her trotn this 
despicable bondage, of suffering, of shame und Ig¬ 
norance, ot perversion and depreciation ot her 
highest destiny ? Geraldine Germane. 
The British Association grows complaisant. At, 
the recent Exeter banquet Miss Buck I and re¬ 
sponded to the toast, “TheLadles." She observed 
that with the British Association me division ot 
labor was not exactly that expressed by the line, 
*« por men must work and women must weep." 
Mr. Pengelley, who rose to propose the health of 
the mayor, could not refrain rrom first referring 
to the somewhat novel proceedings just witness¬ 
ed. He was, he said, prepared io go thus lar on 
the question of women’s rlgnia. As soon as tho 
marriage knot was t ied he would have the jiarson 
put the coujile mrougha competitive examina¬ 
tion, and accordingly as he or she came out tho 
etter, so tho family should be named, 
b 
pairing for t|)f §011113. 
JOHNNY’S SOLILOQUY. 
It seems to bn father's greatest Joy 
To tell what be did when he was a boy. 
Nothing very wonderful, so far’s X ran see; 
And It seems l-retty rough on a fellow like me, 
When I've worked like a man all the long summer 
day— 
And tmys ran get tired, I don’t care what they say— 
To have father declare in his evening chat, 
“ When I waa a buy I did better than that, 
“ 1 was bound out when 1 was a boy. 
Had never a play-day, a book or a toy, 
1 earned my first suit when I was of age, 
By working at odd hours for old Deacon Gage- 
J often went barefoot, having seldom a hat, 
And ns for a coat, I wan too poor for that. 
Of course 1 had extra clothes in cold w eather. 
But the clothes were not broadcloth. 
Nor the boots potent leather.” 
Then he talks of this and that wonderful feat, 
With little to wear atnl little to eat : 
How ho never went either to church or to school, 
Just picked up his learning without guide or rule. 
And says : " John to be sure. Is easy to learn, 
And always stands first at lire dose of the term, 
But ir I'd his chance at books in my day, 
I don’t think you'd have found me always at play.” 
Now I ant Just as willing as can bo to work, 
Nobody can call me a bit of a shirk; 
1 don’t ask for fine, clothes, or for frequent rlay-days. 
For I know father's money has plenty of ways; 
But when I have done a« well as I can, 
They might treat me as though I’d some day be a 
man. 
I'm so tired of the song father always has sting, 
",I did better than that when I waa young." 
(American, Ccltivator. 
-- 
HISTORY OF CHOCOLATE. 
When Fernando Cortez went to Mexico in 
search of gold, the first discovery he made was 
chocolate. This *ew substance was considered a 
sort of wicked luxury, at least tor monks, who 
wore among the earliest to adopt It, but who 
were solemnly warned agulnst Its supposed pecu¬ 
liar effects. 
Chocolate (or, as the Mexicans call It, chmolalt) 
Is the popular name for the seeds of the cocoa 
plant, tn a prepared state, generally with sugar 
and cinnamon. The Mexicans Improve the fla¬ 
vor of the Inferior sorts of cocoa seeds by bury¬ 
ing them In the earth for a month, and allowing 
them to ferment. The nutrfi lous quality or either 
cocoa or chocolate is entirely owing to the oil or 
butter of cocoa which It contains. Cocoa-nibs, 
the best form or taking ibis production, are the 
seeds roughly crushed. When the seed is crushed 
between rollers, 111© result Is flake cocoa. Com¬ 
mon cocoa Is the seed reduced to a paste and* 
pressed Into cakes. The cheap kinds of chocolate 
arc said to be largely adulterated with lard and 
sago and red lead —a pernicious mixture for 
healthy stomachs; but, what must it be for weak 
stomachs craving tor rood at once nutritious and 
easy ot digestion V The “ patent ” chocolates 
are nothing more than various modes of prepar¬ 
ing the cocoa, seeds. 
The Indies of Mexico are so excessively fond ot 
chocolate that they not, only take it. several times 
during the day, but they occasionally have It 
brought to them in church, and during the ser¬ 
vice. A cup of good chocolate may, indeed, afford 
the drinker strength and patience to undergo a 
bad sermon. The bishops opposed 11 tor a time, but 
they at length closed IhoJr eyes to tne practice. 
Spain welcomed thogirt or chocolate made her by 
Mexico with as much enthusiasm as she did that 
of gold by Peru; tho metal she soon squandered, 
but chocolate Is still to be tound In abundance In 
the I'onInsula. H Is an especial favorite with 
ladles and monks, and It always appears on occa¬ 
sions when courtesy requires that refreshments 
should be offered. Tho Spanish monks seut 
presents of It to their brethren in French monas¬ 
teries : and Anne of Austria, on her marriage 
with Louis XIII.of France, brought a supply of 
chocolate from Spam, and It henceforth became 
an established custom. 
In the days of the Regency it, was rar more 
commonly Consumed than coffee, for It was then 
taken as an agreeable ailment, while coffee was 
stilt looked upon as a somewhat strange bev¬ 
erage, but eeitalnly akin to luxury. In the opin¬ 
ion of I,lnnmus It must have surpassed all other 
nutritious preparations, or that naturalist would 
hardly have conf. rred upon it, as he did, the 
proud name of Iht-ohroma—" food lor the gods.” 
The favorite drink of the Emperor Napoleon was 
ctiom, a mixture of coffee (with milk) and choco¬ 
late. 
Invalids will do well to remember that choco¬ 
late made with vanilla is Indigestible and Injuri¬ 
ous to the nerves. Indeed, there are few stom- 
. aebs at all that can bear chocolate as a dally 
meal. It Is a highly concentrated ailment, and 
all such cease to act nutritiously If taken Into 
dally use. 
the giant dimensions ot the present Russian Em¬ 
pire. Feodor l. t second czar, was poisoned : Boris 
poisoned himself; Ivan VI., of the house ot Ro¬ 
manoff was deposed ; Peter II. was deposed and 
murdered; Paul I. was strangled in his bed¬ 
chamber ; Alexander I. Is reported to have died 
by slow poison; Nicholas, too, Is reported to have 
been poisoned, as his death was unexpected, and 
his body lay three days In private state before 
any public announcement, of his death was made. 
Another and a still more common Idea is that 
Nicholas died from mortification on account of 
his disasters and defeat In the Crimea. The pres¬ 
ent czar, Alexander II., Is t.he sixteenth of the 
house of Romanoff. He has entered on a more 
arduous task than tds father-the conquest of 
Constontlnople—at a lime when the rest of the 
great nations are even more averse to disturbing 
the balance of power In Europe man when Sebas¬ 
topol was attacked. The crown does not sit easily 
upon his head. Recent accounts say that Alex¬ 
ander’s cheeks arc sunken, his eyes are lustreless, 
his step has lost much Of Its elasticity, and his 
carriage Is less dignified than formerly. lie is 
described as prematurely nged, which Is not mar¬ 
velous, since lxcworks from eight In the morning 
until nine o’clock at night, laboring even harder 
than his ministers. There Is hot work in the east 
and the west already. For— 
“ Down each deep and skirted vnlley, 
Where the crowded cannon play— 
Where the czar’s fierce cohorts rally— 
Cossack, Kalmuck. »*vage Kalll— 
Down each goriro they sweep away J 
Down each new Tberroopyln?. 
Flashing swords and helnnts see ! 
Underneath the iron shower. 
To the brazen cannon’s Jaws, 
Heedless of their deadly power, 
Press they without tear or pause. 
To the very cannon's Jawe! " 
If Alexander should fall and the crescent,should 
look down upon mj rluds of Russians sent to their 
death by Ms ambition to possess Constantinople, 
he will likely go the way Of Nicholas, either by 
treason or broken-hnnrlediies*s. It Is believed In 
Russia that on the base ot a statue erected by the 
early chiefs there appeared a mliaculoualy-wrlt- 
ten prophecy that tliu Russ would one day sit, lu 
the seat of the Greek emperor, Every czar has 
sanctioned the fable, and hence each one who at¬ 
tacks Turkey fears t he consequences of failure. 
MISCELLANEOUS ENIGMA. 
I am composed of 64 letters: 
My 38, 8, 19,19, 61, 5 to sail back and forth. 
My 14, 48 , 63, iz, 45, 7, 34 a in.ui In military service. 
My 64, 29, 22, 32, 47 to Imagine. 
My 17, 10, 50, 21, 46 the Mohammedan book of 
faltl). 
My 1, 27, 35,46 a small bird. 
My 30, 46, 3, 6, 18 a dishonest person. 
My 50, 26,12, 23, 11, 4 an outwork In fortifications. 
My l, 25, ic, 44. 28 ,15, 42 a small pocket-knife. 
My 37, 33, 4, 2 a solemn affirmation. 
My 24 , 2, ii, 20 , 12, 52,41 the sound which follows 
lightning. 
My c, 3 , 53, 31, 12 , 13, 43, 36, 39, 40, 9 a farewell ad¬ 
dress. 
My whole Is good advice to all. 
S?/~ Answer In two weeks. J. w. 
DOUBLE ACROSTIC. 
1. Sin. 2. A measure of land. 3, Part of a 
window. 4. Polishing powder. 5. A king of 
Bashan. 6. A point of compass. Prlmals name 
a city of Pennsylvania, and finals a river it is on. 
ter Answer in two weeks. Md. 
PYRAMID PUZZLE. 
A consonant. A rug. A man's name. To 
forget. To tickle. Centrals form an animal. 
t*r Answer In two weeks. Balto. 
abbatl) ^fairing, 
“LIKE A LITTLE CHIlD.” 
Mv child Is lying on my knee, 
The signs of heaven she reads; 
My face is all the heaven she sees. 
Is all the heaven she ueeds. 
And she Is well, yea, hathod in bliss, 
If heaven is in my face. 
Behind it is-nll tenderness 
And truthfulness and grace. 
I mean her well so earnestly. 
Unchanged In changing tnood; 
My life would go without a sigh 
To bring her something good. 
I also am a child, and I 
Am ignorant and weak; 
I gaze upon the starry sky, 
And then I cannot speak 
For all bchtod the starry sky, 
Behind the world so brood, 
Behind men’* hearts and aouls doth lie 
Tho Infinite of God. 
Aye, true to her. though troubled sore, 
I cannot choose but he: 
Thou who art peace forevermore 
Art very true to roe. 
If I am low und sinful, bring 
More love where need is rife; 
Thoti knowest what an awful thing 
It is to be a life. 
Hast Thou not wisdom to enwrap 
My waywardness about. 
In doubting safety on the lap 
Of love that knows no doubt? 
Lot Lord, I sit in thy wide space, 
My child Mpon my knee; 
Shu looketh up into my face. 
And I look up to Thou. 
[George Macdonald. 
WORDS OF THE WISE. 
That mny be right which Is not pleasant, and 
pleasant which Is not right; but Christ’s religion 
is both. - Matthew Henry. 
Tue sun colors the sky most deeply and dif¬ 
fusely when he hath sunk below the horizon; 
and they who never said, “ How benltlcontly he 
shines!" say at last, “How brightly he set!”— 
Lanaor. 
Christians are like the several flowers In agar- 
den, that have each of them the dew of heaven, 
which, being shaken with the wind, they let fall 
at each other's roots, whereby they are Jointly 
nourished, and become nourlshers of each other. 
— Jittnyan. 
Rktribdtion, atonement, grace, redemption, a 
great perdition, a great salvation, a great and 
div ine Saviour, nil become credible when there is 
truly realized t he Idea of sin. They all rise as It 
rises in the moral estimate, they all fall as It falls. 
When It goes out they become Incredible.— Tayler 
lA?win. 
F.ntibknkss, illimitable ness, Is Indispensable to 
faith. What wc believe we must bellve wholly 
and without reserve; wherefore the only perfect 
and satisfying object of faith la God. Faith that 
sets bounds te Itself, that will trust thus far and 
no further, is none. It Is only Doubt taking a 
nap lu an elbow-chair.— Julius Ilare. 
We ought to think much more of walking In tho 
right path, Ilian of reaching our end. We should 
desire virt ue more than succors. If by one wrong 
doed we could accomplish the liberation ot mil¬ 
lions, and lu no other way, we ought to reel that 
this good, for which, perhaps, wo hud prayed 
with an agony of desire, wus denied us by God, 
was reserved for other times and other bands.— 
Channiny. 
In a lately discovered epistle ot Kt. Clement the 
following prayer Is found : “ Save those of us 
who are In tribulation, have mercy on the hum¬ 
ble, lift up the fallen, appear to those In want, 
heal the ungodly, turn those of thy people who 
have gone astray; reed the hungering, deliver 
those of us who are lu bonds, raise up the weak, 
comfort the latnt-hearted; let all the nations 
know that thou alone art God, and Jesus Christ 
thy Son, and we thy people, the sheep of thy pas¬ 
ture.” 
The man who turns his back upon the known 
ways of rlghtousness, loses, according to the de¬ 
gree in which he does so, the power to believe, and 
therewith the power to return to those ways. He 
who has never been born again, thinks that to be¬ 
lieve on a God or grace is a very easy matter In¬ 
deed He does not know what sin Is, and hence 
he cannot understand what grace Is. But after a 
man has come to know what Is meant by sin, and 
what Is implied In grace, how hard It does become 
for him, after some act of unfaithfulness, to find 
again strength to believe.— Ttioliwfc. 
The chief value of a sermon Is Us power to 
make an audience think. It should serve as a 
kind of mental spur to quicken the lagging facul¬ 
ties. and start the dormant affections. A good 
many discourses are note lug but- a sort of holy 
) lullaby; and all the good they do is to soothe the 
mind by teelr mellifluous sounds Into a state of 
delicious spiritual sonnolence. They please a 
certain misty, sentimental cast of mluds, who 
thinks there is something exceedingly beautiful 
lu plcturesof heaven, and narrations of dying 
scenes, and storl' s of pious little boys and young 
• Jiidhswhodie just as they aretoemb; rk for some 
*■ d Is taut, mission. But men who are In sloughs and 
currents, struggling for life, care nothing for such 
’ pious platitudes.— Murray. 
