1 
THE RURAL. HEW-Y 
neutralize what foreign matter remains after 
we have done all we can to expel it, and 
also to season the butter for eating. We find 
by experience that the longer it is to stand, the 
more salt is required, but in no case must there 
be more than will wholly dissolve, so as not 
to be gritty. 
I have bought and packed butter on the Wes¬ 
tern Reserve in Ohio and in northern Illinois, 
several years. It used to bo brought of all con¬ 
ceivable colors—like Jacob’s cattlo—and also 
salted with coarso salt, so that it would grit 
like sand when running a knife through it, 
and frequently there would be a considerable 
quantity of buttermilk in the bottom of the 
bucket when the butter was removed. I as¬ 
sorted it according to shade, and condition, 
washed it perfectly clear of buttermilk, and of 
the coarse salt; added a sufficient quantity of 
fine Ashton salt; packed it in tight oak firkins 
and kept it until fall; then shipped it to market 
and sold it for New York dairy. I now take the 
position that of all the means that nature has 
provided, water is worth all the rest to cleanse! 
and prepare butter forkeepiug without injuring 
the grain, as it readily unites with and dissolves 
the globules of buttermilk contained in the but¬ 
ter. Having thoroughly washed butter in pure, 
soft water until the water is perfectly clear, all 
the working then requirod is to even the salt so 
as not to leave any streaks ; butter being an oil, 
the water does not mix with it nor affect it in the 
least- A. Gbumb. 
Brown Co., Tex. 
MANAGEMENT OF COWS IN THE SOUTH. 
Youa reply to Mr. J. C. Collins, iu the Rural 
of Sept. 8, referring to cows and their manage¬ 
ment for a milk dairy in the south, is in the main 
good, but let mo make a suggestion or two on the 
subject which may be of some assistance to him 
iu making a commencement. There seems to be 
a general idea, founded principally on experience 
that cattle brought from the north, are subject 
to an attack of what is called “ Acclimation 
fever," except where a year’s supply of good 
Northern hay cau be furnished, gradually chang¬ 
ing to such forage as can be profitably grown, 
such as Millet, sowed corn and cow peas. Not 
much dependence should bo placed on “ pulled 
fodder ” which, though firm as to quality, cannot 
be made in sufficient quautity to much moru 
thau feed the teams requirod to cultivate it iu 
connection with other crops. 
As an advocate of the practice of soiling cattlo 
in the cotton States, I would recommend the 
growing of rye, which if sown in August, or 
early iu September, may be pastured during the 
winter ; Winter and Spring oats to be cut green ; 
and corn in drills; all of which if not fed up 
green may be cured for winter use : Also any or 
all kinds of roots, mangel-wurzel being the most 
profitable as far as ray experience goes. Native 
Southern cows are considered good milkers if 
they give four quarts per day, but many can bo 
much improved by liberal feed and regular milk¬ 
ing. If anything short of high fc&ling is to bo 
practiced, the Short-Horns are not the best for 
the Bparse pastures of tiro south ; tho Ayreshires 
would do better. But let us look at another fea¬ 
ture of the business. Oxen are extensively used 
both singly and in pairs, and why are not the al¬ 
most neglected little Devons tho catMe for the 
south ? They are fair milkers, lay on flesh 
readily, thriving where Short-Horns would barely 
live, and as workers are unsurpassed. 
Corn Planter. 
Cljf IJoultrji gari). 
BEST KIND OF POULTRY TO KEEP. 
BY HENRY HALES. 
This is a question often asked, and has been 
several times replied to through tho columns of 
the Rural, but without knowing some of the cir¬ 
cumstances of tho inquirer, it is as hard to an¬ 
swer as it would be to the simple interrogation, 
“ What dog should I keep, or what horse should 
I keep ? The various breeds of fowls have been 
brought up to certain perfection to meet the 
various conditions; how much is due to acci¬ 
dent or design, we will not now Jiscuas, but sve 
do find varieties fitted to different circumstances 
and uses. For instance, a man who wants to 
lv-ise fowls to kill for market would not think of 
Hsmburgs, nor of tho Cochins, for market eggs. 
A large class of poultry-keepers arc those who 
live in small towns, or suburbs of large ones, who 
wish to enjoy the pleasures of poultry society, 
and to have a few fresh-laid eggs daily; this can 
be done with a few birds which would consume 
the scraps from the house with profit. To suit 
such conditions, the Brahmas or Cochins are 
highly fitted, being very quiet, gentle dispo¬ 
sitions. If well fed they will be contented in a very 
small space, lays well through the winter and 
are good for the table at any time if in good con¬ 
dition ; if not fat. they can be made so in very 
short time, as no fowls take on fat so readily. 
They require but little fencing to keep them iu ; 
two feet high is sufficient. There are other fowls 
that will bear confinement tolerably well. Some 
aro very handsome—such as tho llarnburgs, 
Spanish and Polands. Leghorns, and Plymouth 
Rocks require a little more liberty. Those 
that require still more liberty or larger space 
am Games, Hondnns, all other French breeds 
and Dorkings. Here let me say of all fowls, 
space or care is the Bocret of health; that is, the 
loss space, tho more care. When kept with full 
liberty, as on a farm, little care is required with 
adult fowls iu summer, but as Boon as their 
liberty is curtailed, more change of food and 
cleanliness must be given. For a farm some of 
the best fowls for market aro the Houdans, 
Dorkings and Plymouths, all large, square-bodied 
birds. Tho two former are far-famed for fine fla¬ 
vor and delicate flesh; they breed large, early 
spring chickens when crossed with light Brahma 
hens. For eggs for market tho Leghorns still 
hold their own, both in quantity, quality, and 
size, all three considered together. After keep¬ 
ing an equal number of White and Brown iu a 
house partitioned in the middle, with a run at 
each end for each variety, giving them all tho sarno 
attention, the Brown proved slightly more pro¬ 
lific than tho White, during tho spring months, 
and In hardiness and constitution, tho chicks of 
the Browu were much the strongest. Tho cir¬ 
cumstances were as good as could bo with both 
breeds. Pullets of each were procured from oue 
party, and the cockerels from others, of the 
flneststrains, and the Browu came out ahead. 
EXHIBITION FOWLS. 
BY T. B. MINER. 
All persons who are not experienced fowl 
brooders think that the fine, largo fowls Dial aro 
exhibited at fairs will produce their like : that is 
not so, however, except in chance cases. An 
old breeder who exhibits fowls, says: “I cull 
the breeds carefully, and from 15 to 18 trios arc 
all I raise as exhibition birds out of 500 chick¬ 
ens.” This is a specimen of the way all fancy 
breeders do with the progeny of their best “ Pre¬ 
mium Fowls." They cull out one in ton to twenty 
every year to compete tor new premiums. But 
this is on the samo principle on which much 
other live stock is exhibited; for neither will 
these produce their liko. 
Gentlemen of means see splendid, large fowls 
at fairs in September — pullets of enormous 
size, and perfect beauty. They are not aware 
that they were batched tho previous January, 
and that, every art known to exhibition breeders 
has been practiced to increase their size and 
beauty. They ask the price, and the reply is 880 
or 840 a trio. This is a large sum, but they take 
it for granted, that they can raise just such 
fowls, that all they raise will bo jubt like those 
they are admiriug. No such fowls exist where 
they reside, and they conclude to buy a trio to 
astonish their friends and neighbors with a flock 
of 50 to 100 just such birds! They take them 
home, and in a few weeks the splendid birds be- 
como more like the common fowls of the same 
breed, losing their beautiful plumago to some 
extent; and the next season their chiekonB turn 
out to be just like those of ordinary fowls of the 
samo breed, worth only 81 each ! 
There is not a trio or fowls in the United 
States, in my opinion, that aro worth oyer five 
dollars. I am writing for tho benefit of people 
who do not fully understand this subject. Tho 
breeders of fowls for whtoh they ask from 810 
to 850 a pair, or a trio, do a fair business, as 
they have a right to set their own prices, and 
those who pay for them much more than they 
are worth cannot find fault with the breeders of 
them. 
Another point: Large fowls that weigh, pul¬ 
lets 10 to 12 lbs., and cockerels 14 to 15 lbs., are 
not worth as much to breed from, as those that 
weigh one-third less ; but the very large fowls 
sell better than smaller ones to those who know 
no better than to buy them. 
IN-AND-IN POULTRY CREE3ING. 
Some writers on this subject, I think, lay more 
stress on the necessity of changing blood often 
than is absolutely necessary—that is. changing 
cooks that one has used for three or four years 
for others of tho same breed, “ but. ml related." 
Let us take the case of the Light Brahmas. In 
1847 a single pair of this breed were brought to 
New York in an “East Indiaman;" and from 
that pair originated all the Light Brahmas in 
this country and Europe. If anyone thinks he 
can disprove this alleged fact, I invite him to 
try his pen at it in tho Rural. Well, tho Light 
Brahmas have been bred in-and-in for 30 years, 
and they appear as healthy and vigorous to-day 
as they did 25 years ago. Indeed, it is claimed 
by many that they are “ greatly improved ” since 
their introduction into this country. Some 
months ago Mr. Stood a no, of the Poultry World, 
and I had a controversy on this same question. 
KEEP 
IN THE RIGHT 
LATITUDE! 
■ | 
I took the ground that since their introduction, 
none of our Asiatic fowls had really undergone 
any “improvement " that benefits breeders in a 
pecuniary point of view; and he took the oppo- 
sito view; but in his September issue, ho says 
that our Asiatic fowls havo “largely deteriora¬ 
ted of late." Ho adds: “ The very act in breed¬ 
ing blood-relations exhausts tho vitality of fowls 
in a few years," If this were so. the splendid 
Light Brahmas that are everywhere bred, and 
exhibited at fairs, could not have been produced. 
The facts in tlie case I claim are : That wo tufty 
take a single pair of fowls, never before seen in 
this country, and breed them in-and-in closely 
till they become disseminated, and then change 
tho “ Grains " of blood, although all will be re¬ 
lated ; and in time these strains In crossing will 
have the effect that would result from the most 
distantly related fowls. All breeds of fowls 
originated from one pair of each; and, of 
course, all of their descendants aro more or less 
related, consequently I think that we are in no 
danger of tho deterioration in our most popular 
breeds of fowls, that the Poultry World seems 
to fear. 
Linden, N. J. 
Industrial Implements, 
223 
giant.*, &c. 
GENESEE VALLEY 
NURSERIES, 
mavtished mo. 
Rochester, N. V. 
A FARMER’S OPINION. 
Mu. Editor As tho timo for harvesting corn 
draws near, we would urge our brother farmers 
to look into the merits of the Philip's Spiral Corn 
Husker, manufactured at Hudson, N. Y., by the 
Philip’s Spiral Corn Husker Co. Wo have used 
one on our farm for the past, two years, husking 
last year about threo thousand baskets of corn, 
and the year before nearly as much, to our en¬ 
tire satisfaction. 
It husks the corn from the stalk, as drawn 
from tho field, picking off every ear. no matter 
how small or soft it may be. It. will husk from 
25 to GO bushels of oars per hour, according to 
the quality of the corn, and requires four mini 
to operate it successfully—a common two-horso 
power being amply sufficient to drive it. 
We aro using nearly all the labor saving ma¬ 
chines that can be used on the farm, but con¬ 
sider our coru busker tho greatest labor savor of 
them all, as a large corn crop can he qr.iokly dis¬ 
posed of , giving time for much extra work in the 
fall. 
All who have seen our machine work are much 
pleased with it, and wo predict that tho time is 
not far distant when the corn will all )>o husked 
by machinery, and we believe it to bo for the 
interest of farmers to post themselves in regard 
to this maebino before they connn.moe their corn 
harvest, which now promises to be a largo one. 
A letter or postul card, addressed to Cm manu¬ 
facturers, will receive prompt attention. 
Believing we arc doing tho farmers a favor by 
calling their attention to this machine, we re¬ 
main, very respectfully. 
H. E. & J. H. Carr. 
Oxford, Grafton Co., N. il. 
®jrtatr* 
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960,000 ACRES 
In Southwest Missouri. 
First-class stock Farms, excellent. Agricultural 
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Free Transportation from Ht, Louts to the lands 
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The largest and most complete assortment of Nurs¬ 
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Fruit and Ornamental Trees, 
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Wholesale Catalogue free on application. 
_EDWARD A. FROST. 
INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 
Centennial Grounds, Philadelphia. 
Tltr /wirg-M/, Grande*! ^ and .flout Complete 
Exhibition, in tfi * World. 
A GRAND DISPLAY OP 
PLANTS & FLOWERS, 
Pomological Products and Vegetables, 
WILT, TALE PLACE 
OCTOBER 3TD TO 5TH. 
Large Premium* offered, and special Induce¬ 
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For Premium Lists and further information, ad¬ 
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CHAH. W. GREENE, 
Manager. 
JOHN S. MORTON, 
.President. 
HOW TO GROW CABBAGE PLANTS 
In any locality, free from Fleas, M a coots and 
Ci,u u-Root. it can be done. See advertise »ent of 
our new Manual of Veoktaiilk plant*, in the 
Rural for Sept. 15, or send forirec Circular 
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La Plume, Luzer ne Co.. Pa. 
ana an nest, uuipnerrics; Bln cribm, Currants 
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new List. JOHN s. COLLINS. 
Moore*town, N. j. 
KI8SBWA .? ARC AMD EXQUISITE 
JAPANESE MAPLES 
# AT RiDUnCd PftICtS. 
Also, a full collection of 
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fata Dignra Free, and 
visits lo thi> Nurseries at 
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Also Tree*. Small Fruit*, etc. Wholesale 
pine* very low to Nurserymen. D"alen» and largo 
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LUt Fit EE. 
T. S. HUBBARD, Fredoniu, N. Y. 
1 Afo of "5 
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SMITH <& POWLLL, Syracuse, N. Y. 
