tie for market on the com and other agricul¬ 
tural products which are now exceptionally 
cheap in their neighborhoods. Many of them 
sell their animals while in poor condition at a 
low price, and their corn, etc., at the same time 
for a trifling sum ; whereas, by concentrating 
the latter in the former, they would dispose of it 
so that it might be held for a more favorable 
season, vastly reduce the freight on it to a more 
profitable market, greatly enrich their lands by 
the extra manure manufactured in the process, 
and, finally, secure far more remunerative prices 
both for their animals and produce. 
Fruit Culture is this Country has attained 
proportions hardly realized even by enthusiastic 
pomologists. According to recent official state¬ 
ments, the land devoted to this branch of indus¬ 
try approximately amounts to four and a half 
million acres. Pretty accurate calculations have 
assigned to itTl’2,000,000 apple trees ; 28,000,000 
pear trees; 112,275.000 peach trees; and 141,- 
260,000 grape vines. Tho total value of the 
fruit crop throughout tho country is Bet down at 
fl38.216.700 : an amount equal to half the 
value of the average wheat crop. To this sum, 
apples contribute $50,400,000; pears, *14,130,- 
000 ; peaches, $56.135,000; grapes, $2,180,000; 
strawberries, $5,000,000; and other fruit $10,- 
432,000. _ 
enemy of the pear-tree that we have discovered, 
works in the wood of the trunk. 
More careful observations and more light on 
the causes of these tree-blights are urgently 
needed. 
Eureka Place, Attica, N. Y. 
not so intensely, as was ever any of the inncn 
ovens used by out grandmothers. And then 
what unattractive places those school-homscs are 
to the eye of the beholder! though we are proud 
to say they are often very pretty and picturesque 
in themselves, causing ns to wonder, as we pass 
by thorn, why no one has ever thought—or 
acted upon the thought—that a few trees, 
maples or elms, planted out in front and at tho 
sides, would make of them scenes worthy to be 
reproduced in a picture. 8omchow wo always 
form a higher opinion of the intellectual and 
social worth of a community where the plot of 
ground surrounding tho school-houBe is planted 
with trees. We always feel like stopping there 
GRAFTING ON PEACH STOCK. 
BY SAMUEL PARSONS. 
There is a popular fallacy that the I’each may 
be profitably used, in all cases, as a stock on 
which to graft peaches, plums, apricots and nec¬ 
tarines. This eiTor, or half truth, has grown 
into its present acceptance from a common de¬ 
sire for cheapness. Tho producer, relying on 
the rapid growth and adaptable nature of the 
poach, without sufficiently regarding its lack of 
long life and solid, durable qualities, has also 
come to share the same error. The very fact, 
however, that nursery catalogues otter trees 
grafted on peach at twenty-five cents each, that, 
would cost on plum, fifty to seventy-five cents, 
Several Suggestive IIints to our own farm¬ 
ers have lately been indirectly given by Mr. 
Mbcw, through the London Agricultural Ga¬ 
zette, as the results of bis thirty-years’ experi- 
tho front rank of English fanners, llis 
once in 
points, briefly condensed, are that British agri¬ 
culture must bo reformed with a view to profit 
and economy, in those practices-1. Undrainod 
land must be drained if not naturally sub-drain¬ 
ed. 2. Fields must be of ample size and proper 
form, with a minimum of fences. 3. The depth 
of cultivation must bo greatly increased by sub¬ 
soil plowing, always keeping the surface soil on 
the surface. 4. The open farm-yard and dung¬ 
hill must be'replaccd by covered, inclosed, and 
paved cattle-yards, properly ventilated - 5, 6, 7, 
insist on the feeding of cattle in Btables, tho fold¬ 
ing of sheep within movable hurdles, and tho 
keeping of farm horses in well-ventilated stables, 
instead of allowing them at any time to go on 
pastures; points which, however excellent in 
reference to fanning on the circumscribed, high- 
priced lauds of England, are applicable only in 
a few sections of this country. 8. All animals 
must have free access to water, especially sheep, 
y. All green food, as well as hay and straw, 
should bo cut up flue, roots pulped, and corn 
ground for cattle, horses and sheep. 10. The 
running of live stock at large is a bar to profit 
and a cause of loss. 
HOW ENGLISH CATTLE-RAISERS IMPROVE 
THEIR STOCK. 
by william moos, 
TnE very marked improvement which, during 
the past twenty yoars, has been making itself 
visible in the common cattle of England, is the 
result of ft groat amount of caro and attention 
on tho part of almost every farmer and stock- 
raiser throughout the length and breadth of the 
land. By no means confining its operations to 
the rich, the passion, if so it may bo called, for 
improving the breed of stock, has been wide¬ 
spread and universal. The result appears in a 
race of oattle whose superiority over the old- 
time herd is in every way discernible. Contrast¬ 
ed with tho common, or so-called “native cattlo 
of this continent, the superiority of English 
stock, both In size and symmetry of form, is 
even more marked than in the former instance. 
This achievement, as I have already remarked, 
has not been attained without considerable trou¬ 
ble and expense. Having it* origin with the 
" theoretical'’ farmers who dabbled in stock- 
raising aB an aristocratic amusement, entirely 
careless of any remuneration, it finally spread to 
the “ practical” brooders, who raised their cattle 
as a business and means of livelihood. 1 bo 
means employed to bring about this end, redound 
considerably to the credit of the “theoretical” 
farmers, who, recognizing the benefits to be de¬ 
rived therefrom, lot out their bulls at a reasona¬ 
ble price and allowed their own tenants free 
access to them. The average English husband¬ 
man is tenaciously conservative, as may be in¬ 
ferred from the disinclination with which he 
adopts the various agricultural improvements 
Loon rnnnnt.lv come into use. However, in 
Condensed Food fob Horses, the manufac¬ 
ture of which has lately been begun in Itussia, 
gives entire satisfaction, according to tho Jour¬ 
nal of St. Petersburg. It is composed of 
crushed oats, gray-pea flour, homp-seod oil aud 
salt. Tho paste is cut into thick cakes four 
inches in diameter, weighing, when dry, one 
pound each. These arc perforated with small 
boles to increase the effect, of soaking thorn in 
water, aud baked in an oven. They are then 
stored in boxes with a powdering of bran be¬ 
tween the layers. When prepared for use, four 
of them, which are equal in nutriment to ton 
pounds of oats, are strung on a wire and consti¬ 
tute a ration for a horse. They are oaten 
greedily either dry or steeped, and though the 
animals grow thinner, when fed on them exclu¬ 
sively, yet they loose none of their vigor even 
wheu working hard. ThiH provender is very 
convenient for transportation, aud by means of 
it the surplus products of one year can be 
economically preserved until seasons of greater 
scarcity. 
PEAR-BLIGHT AND ITS CAUSE 
BY S. FOLSOM. 
By observation and close examination, tho 
writer and somo of his neighbors have traced 
pear-blight to poison, produced by a borer in the 
trunk or somo main branch of the tree. The 
puncture, when recently made, may ho seen 
from the outside, w here tho bark is smooth, and 
is about the size of a small pin-hole. It extends 
into the live wood one-eighth to one-quarter of 
an inch or more, causing the discoloration of tlio 
wood w'horo the Bap circulates for an indefinite 
distance, below and above the wound, to its full 
depth. 
This poisoned Rap rises to tho tips of tho 
branches and blasts the twigs; it circulates un¬ 
der the bark, discoloring the inner coat and tho 
new-forming wood, killing this new growth aud 
THE TRAMP 
Sowing too thickly, the London Fanner in¬ 
forms us, is a fault among farmers quite as com¬ 
mon in Europe as in this country. Some seem 
to think that the thicker they sow, the heavier 
will be their crop, a view of which experience 
has shown the fallacy. Besides the waste of 
seed, often very considerable, nothing is more 
conducive to the “ laying” of the crop than over- 
thick sowing, and if muoh wet weather is expe¬ 
rienced, tho crop will ho lilttle else than straw. 
And though it may thrive better in dry weather, 
the ear will be dillicient both in quantity aud 
quality, especially on sandy soil or poor land 
generally. The quantity of Beed to be sown in 
a given area depends on the cultivation and ma¬ 
nuring bestowed on the soil, and tho more care¬ 
fully these have been attended to, the greater is 
the chance that every grain will grow vigor¬ 
ously, aud tho loss wisdom in sowing too thickly. 
Among tho old Romans “ lucus,” a dark grove, 
as tho cause of this apple-tree malady, while the 
