262 
THE BUBAL NEW-YOBKER. 
. 20 
®[)f (Querist, 
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
C. H. II,, Castile, AT. Y .—What is the value 
of Orchard grans as a crop, compared with clo¬ 
ver and timothy ? Dees it make as good hay 
for stock ? May a good crop be expected for a 
longer nr a shorter time than clover or timothy 
before being obliged to plow and re-stock ? When 
should the seed bo sown, spring or fall, and can 
as good a “catch” be expected after wheat, bar¬ 
ley or oats, as of clover ? 
Ans.—O rchard grass when blended with rod 
clover, makes good hay ; but its greatest value, 
in the opinion of many, is for pasture. It is 
adapted to all arable soils, and is remarkable for 
early and rapid growth, and for resisting drought. 
All cattle are fond of it and thrive on it, and 
sheep prefer it to most other grasses. Its de¬ 
velopment is so rapid, that a growth of five or 
six days tits it for grazing. According to Col. 
Powei., it. produces more pasture on a given 
urea of land than any other grass. Mr. 8 andeiim 
of Kentucky, who has tested it thoroughly, says 
it w ill grow more in a day than blue grass will in 
a week. According to J ndgo Buko, it is an abid¬ 
ing grass, and well adapted either for permanent 
pasture or for hay. The main objection to this 
grass, us a hay crop, is its tendency to become 
rank and coarse in the last stage of its grow th ; 
but thisobjecUon maybe almost, entirely avoided 
ly cutting it early, which leaves an abundant 
anil nutritious aftermath that may be grazed 
with profit. Whether Orchard grass will give as 
largo a yield per acre as timothy, or run longer 
without re-seeding, are .piestions that do not 
seem to be yet fully tested. But that it makes 
a good hay far general use, there is no reason to 
doubt, if it is cut very early. 
*2. When intended as a hay crop, it should be 
seeded at, the same time with clover. Wo have 
never found any difficulty in getting a good 
catch, ; lid have seldom hoard any complaint 
from others on this point. Two bushels of the 
seed, when sowed by itself, is the proper quan¬ 
tity for an acre. If sowed with olovor, ones bushel 
wilt he found sufficient. So fauna we have ob¬ 
served, Orchard grass nppoars to ho gaining in 
tiivor with farmers, and there are certainly suffi¬ 
cient, reasons to account for the fact. 
There are two points to bo remembered First, 
whi n intended for hay, it, must, be cut early; 
second, when used for pasture, it must be kept * 
closely grazed to preserve an even growth and ' 
good quality, 1 
<>• 11, Field, Kansas. — 1 . Some time ago I i 
owned a poem by Forsythe Wilson, entitled < 
“ Tho 01 ‘* Sargent.” It was stolen, and I am t 
unable to get a duplicate; can you inform me c 
where I can get cue? *J. Where can I get the 1 
poem entitled “ Old John Burns of Gettysburg,” t 
and also “Belshazzar’s Dream?" 8 . Tho ad- c 
dress of the “ Quarterly Elocutionist,” published g 
in New ) ork City, by a lady, 4. Huw can T so- 
curo a plan of the “General-purpose Barn,” u 
spoken of iu the RoKAt ? 5 . What is tho price v 
of Quinn’s “ Money in the Garden,” or Bonder- a 
son’s “ Gardening for Profit?” G. What can tho p 
ItmiAL and American Agriculturist ho obtained fi 
for, if both are takeu ? ,, 
Kttty .—We do not pretend to know'what grapes 
will do best in your grounds. For our own. we 
should select:—Concord, black, Sep. 15; Clin- 
; ton, black, Sep. 20 ; Delaware, red, early Sep¬ 
tember ; Martha, yellow, early September; 
Lady, white, early September (with ub, Sept. 1); 
Goethe (Rogers’ No. 1) red and yellow, Sept, 
10 ; Rogers’ No. 15, Amber, before Concord; 
Salem and Iona ripening in early Septem¬ 
ber and reddish in color. To tho above, wo 
would add for your consideration Brighton, 
several of Minor’s and Rickctt’s Seedlings 
which arc now offered for sale. 
Hunter, Conneavtodle, Pa. Do you know any- 
thiug about tho breech-loading rifle advertised 
in tho Rubai, last week (Sept. 15)? If so, will 
you toll me what sized ball it shoots, and is it 
w hat it is-represented to be ? 
Anh. Wc must refer you to the advertiser for 
this information. Wo saw the rifle and it looked 
good. We had no opportunity to test it, and can 
rely on tho reputation of tho advertisers only for 
the character of the goods. 
H. II. J., Few Ilmen City. -I am taking tho 
Rural to try to find out tho host way to make 
poultry pay as a business. Can it bo done ? 11 
you know of any parties that make it a busi¬ 
ness, please toll me in your next paper, and 
also give tho name of tho best Look on raising 
poultry for profit or the market. 
Ans.—S uccess in raising poultry as a business 
lias rewarded the labors of a great, number of 
people in Europe, and of not a few in this 
country aJso. But as wo said in a late issue, 
skill and experience aro necessary to insure 
profitable results. In our issue of May 19, a 
detailed account was given of Mr.W. E. Bakku’b 
extensive poultry farm, at Clifford, on the 
Hudson, opposite Yonkers. Tim Practical 
Poultry Book, published by Geo. E. Woouwaiii), 
J 8 G Chamber St., N. Y. Stoddard’s Egg Farm, and 
Teoxtmkibbs IVu 1 try Book, both to be had of 
Tho Orange Judd Co., are all good works on tho 
subject. Seasonable hints and information will 
bo always found in every issue of tho Rubai, 
New Yorker, 
Evelyn, Glynn Co., Ga .—What is tho best 
manure to he drilled in with seed for lice ? The 
water is put on the fields from two to three feet 
deep as soon as seed is sowed, and kept on till 
the lice pips—from four to t.eu days, as per 
wekther. 1 plant about 500 acres. 
Ans.—A n aero of rice (lowland) removes from 
tho soil about 154.14 pounds of silica; 20.36 do. 1 
of potash; 13.16 do. of phosphoric acid ; 10.10 1 
do. of magnesia; 8 75 do. of soda; 5 98 do. of 1 
s are without the letter r, and they are accord- 
) ingly comparatively undisturbed at that time. 
- The spawn is discharged from the oyster in a gel- 
• atinouB. whitish greasy fluid, which the fisher¬ 
man calls ‘ spat,. Tho spawn looks like drops 
of tallow or a similar substance. When ex¬ 
amined under a microscope, there aro seen in the 
“spat" innumerable littlo eggs like ill-made 
lulls of a brilliant whiteness. These eggs aro 
estimated at hundreds of thousands. These 
“ spats” adhere to submarine bodies, such as 
rocks, sea shells, etc. The fecundating process 
18 carried on through tho medium of the water, 
which conveys the sperm to tho cggB. As they 
change they become compressed, and approach 
more and more towards tho shape of tho oyster. 
Little hairs appear as the egg-cluster breaks up, 
and the thousands of infant oysters separate 
and swim ofT to seek their fortunes. Finally 
the hairs give way to the first layer of shell, 
and tho oyster "settles down” to liis perma¬ 
nent abode, unless the rake or tho dredge of 
the fisherman finds him, 
Tf our correspondent proposes to propagate 
oysters in the waters of his bay. he will have 
to proenro tho seed and plant them in beds. 
I ho spawn is of no account for that purpose and 
is never caught, except by marine animals for 
food. The practice is to mark off a portion of 
the water where there is a good current and 
convenient depth by means of stakes. The 
seed oysters (which are being gathered now in 
the bays and inlets in Ibis vicinity) are raked 
up from tho bottom by llio fisherman and sold 
to the planters. They are of tho size of your 
thumb-nail to that of a half-dollar. The larger 
are preferred as they arrive at the edible size 
sooner. They are sorted out from the mature 
oysters, which are caught at the same time. 
Tlio planter takes them to the “grounds," as the 
proposed beds are called, in boats, and sows them 
by means of shovels, taking care to scatter 
them over tho surface of the bottom as evenly 
as possible. From two to four years arc neces¬ 
sary for tho oysters to grow before being 
marketed, lienee it will bo seen that, some capital 
is necessary for the business. 
s > Ji - A -i Rockville Center, N. Y, and others. 
—At wliat time, and which is the best mode of 
propagating grape-vine cuttings? 
Ans.—P rocure sandy soil;—fresh-water muck, 
or any rich, light compost, so that it is well de¬ 
composed, is good. Make the bed Tor tho recep¬ 
tion of Iho cuttings, two feet deep in a well- 
drained part of tho grounds, Make cuttings 
now or later a foot in length or a littlo less; 
sever the lower part just beneath a hud by a 
TERMS FOR 1877, IN ADVANCE, 
INCLUDING POSTAGE, WHICH PUBLISHERS PREPAY. 
Sintde Copy, *2.50 per Year. To Clubs .-Five Copies, 
ami one copy Tree to Awrit or getter up of Club, for 
*11 25; Seven Cop’es,and one free, for *I8.US; Ten Cop¬ 
ies, and one fre* ifrJi—only *2 per copy, The above 
rater -.include juitjaijc (under tlio new law) to any part 
cf the United States, and the American postnu-e on all 
copies mailed to Canada. On paper* mailed to Europe 
by steamer, the pustaim will be 85 pent* extra for each 
subscription. Drafts, Poat-Offloe Money Orders and 
Retristered Letters may be mailed at our risk, YSf~ Lib¬ 
eral Premiums to all Club Agent! who do not take free 
• opies. Specimen Numbers. Show--BtlJe.A-c., sent free 
tlctus of tbc SBUeJt. 
CONDENSED NEW YORK TELEGRAMS. 
Tuesday, Oct. 9.—The stalkers in Pennsylvania 
have thrown several trains off the track to pre¬ 
vent the resumption or work by thplr fellows. 
The German Ambassador at. Constantinople 
has declared the blockade of the Russian posts on 
tho Black Sea Insufficient, and therefore void. 
Wednesday, Oct. lft.—The Democrats have car- 
H'll OHIO by 20.000 majority; tho Republicans 
Ioo'a by a great ly reduced majority. 
Russian operations before Plevna are now undt r 
the superintendence of Gen. Todlebcn, the hero 
or Sebastopol. Moukhtar Paslia sajs the Rus¬ 
sians lost i 5 ,ooo iid_.ii in the late Armenian battle, 
and they retaliate that lie Josto.ooo, Gambetta 
addressed a select meeting of c.ooo Parisians, anil 
bitterly denounced the Government. 
Thursday, Got. 11.—After five clays’ fighting. 
Ciilet Joseph and Die Ncz Perces tft the number 
of .till, Including 16ft lighting warriors, surren¬ 
dered to Gen. Miles. Thpy have displayed, In 
Du tr campaign, marvelous endurance, military 
skill and capacity, and suown much humanity to 
several parties that have fallen into their hands, 
as well as to our w ounded soldiers. Gen. Harlan 
of Kentucky Is to lie appointed Judge of the Su¬ 
preme Court In place of Judge Davis, now Sena¬ 
tor from Illinois, flen. Custer’s remains were yes¬ 
terday laid, with military honors, In the cemetery 
at West Point. 
Gen. Gourkha has started with eleven regiments 
of cavalry and eight, bauillloiui of lnfamryon a 
raid toward Sofia. Newspaper corresiHiinlents 
with the Russian forces, especially heroic Plevna, 
have had such severe resirleliom-plured on them 
that upwards of fifty of them have been recalled 
homo. In Asia, Moukhtar Pasha lifts been forced 
to retreat, having lost 8,000 men in the late bat¬ 
tles. The Due <le Broglie has replied to Gambet- 
tu’s manifesto, saying that the contest lies be¬ 
tween conservatism and radicalism—not between 
republicanism and monarchy. 
Friday Oct., is. President Hayes and several 
Ans. - 1 , 2 , 8 . Any collect ion of popular “ read- out ’ Whil ° iu tllla condition, 700 to 1,000 pounds 
ings” will be llkoly to contain the poems you to acro (lf reipc-soeil oil-ouko or sardine oil. 
name. Dick <fe Fitzgerald, Ann St., N. V.* A. C!lke (equivalent to our fish manure), thoroughly 
Brentano, Union Square, N. Y., and J W. Shoe- l )ulve rizG(l, * K scattered over the surface of the 
maker, Phila., Pa., publish good collections, and water - Tuo water is then turned off, leaving 
they will doubtless supply you with catalogues, * oakl; d fertilizer at tho root of the rice 
&a. The “ Quarterly Elocutionist” is an inferior 8ta]ka - Frequent floodings take place after- 
publication. It contains fewer readings., and is ward8 - 
more costly than many others. Unloachcd wood ashes, rape-seed oil-cake and 
•I- Next week we shall publish it. fish manure contain tho chemical ingredients 
5. §1.50 each. demanded by rice, in about the right propor- 
(i. $3.50. tious. Rape-seed oil-cake dust is especially fit- 
Success to you in your now home! ted for rico, as moisture is necessary to develop 
M. A. Tuttle.—I saw a patent Cow-milker at * t8 fu " fl ‘ rtillziu S virtues. Stable and barn-yard 
the Centennial Exhibition ; it consistsof a small nmuurea aro !llau UHf:d - A mixture of the latter 
tube, dosed at. one end and slotted on tho sides Wlth uak ; !U ' lui1 wood ashes is used iu India for 
near the closed end. Think it would he useful l ‘ ljlau<1 nco ' !uuk aH a t'hoap and easily obtained 
for a hard milker. Where can It ho obtained ? IIUimiro ’ wou,d be adapted to our correspondent’s 
* ,, , „ purposes. The proportions of each and nuati- 
V ect 1 “> Patent Ooiv-mi]kor y„„ lily to I lie a,-ro wouH hivo to be determined l.y 
WatorSt Tv > * C °’ N °‘- 189 191 «**<“«*• Jl-wr. of the ferliW™ 
■' ‘ ' n co, $2 per set of four. we have named may be drilled in with the seed, 
1. D. M.. Waterloo, N. F.—Where is the homo if pr ° I,erl - v prepared, 
of John G. Whittier, tho poet ? Is it in city or Wm. Mills. I want to hear somethin" 
couii ry, and what is his Post-office address ? about oysters and how to catch the spawn. The 
- s. liis home and Fost-offico address is oysters are getting scarce in Shoal Water Bay 
Amosbnry, a village in the State of Massachu- Aw „ .. r , 
flooding tho fields imparts to the soil all tho for- will 1,0 easy to determine, by an examination of 
tilling matters required by tho plants, but our the buds, which have formed roots aiul which 
correspondent, who seems to be an experienced ,Javo not - The cuttings should ho placed in the 
grower, has obvioosly proved the contrary. I0W8 eighteen inches apart. They should bo se- 
Rieo growers in Oriental cuuntrius also find looted from wood of tho past season's formation, 
manuring necessary and profitable. In Japan, Some prefer to take cuttings in tho fall and 
where rico is the principal food of the inhabit- preserve them iu sand or moss during winter 
ants, the rico plants arc removed from a small and place (hem in tho prepared Led not until 
piece of ground, whore they aro first started spring. Hot*beds offer a more trustworthy mode 
from the seed iu thick masses, to tho rico field, of striking grape-vine cuttings. The buds (ninele. 
winch is completely flooded after they are set buds may Ire used) arc placed in flower pots of 
out. While in this condition, 700 to 1,000 pounds lino sand, and these plunged into tho soil of tho 
to tho aero of rapo-soed oihoalio or Bardino oil- hot-bod up to their rims 
cake (equivalent to our fish manure), thoroughly 0 f course, the most trustworthy method is to 
ssrsrssrrzr rsr: mr in ttt- L 
stalks. Frequent floodings take place after¬ 
wards. An Old Patron —Where can I obtain a Quilt- 
Unleachcd wood ashes, rape-seed oil-cake and Ulg n5acki ' ic ■ 
fish manure contain the chemical ingredients Ana, There is a Quilting machine of elaborate 
demanded by rice, in about tho right proper- antl < x P c, nKivo construction, in use by ono or 
tious. Rape-seed oil-cake dust is especially lit- ,Uu klr K°.manufacturers of quilts and comfort- 
led for rico, as moisture is necessary to develou er9 ' ^ * 8 ^ r * Vcn * J - V phwer, and * til dies the 
A. IF. Hinsdale. Greenfitld, Mass .—I think I 
can send (if wanted) S. B. Feck a sample of tho 
Richard’s Sweeting Apple. There is a tree here 
on our farm, the grafts of which were brought 
from Ktonington, Conn., over GO years ago. 
Flense give a list of the ton best varieties of 
grapes for home uso, color of berry, size, time 
of ripening Ate. 
its full fertilizing virtues. Stable and barn-yard 
manures aro also used. A mixture of the latter 
with uuieached wood ashes is used in India for 
upland lice, and. as a cheap and easily obtained 
manure, would be adapted to our correspondent’s 
purposes. The proportions of each and quan- 
tity to the acre would have to he detonniued l.y 
experiment. However, either of the fertilizers 
we have named may be drilled in with the seed, 
if properly prepared. 
H r m. Mills. I want to hear something 
about oysters and how to catch the spawn. The 
oysters are getting scarce in Shoal Water Bay. 
Ans.—F ormerly oysters were considered her¬ 
maphrodites. Even now old planters will tell 
you that after years of experience they do not 
understand the method of producing tho spawn. 
Among authorities the well settled opinion 
B«em« to be that oysters arc divided into males 
and females, tho latter greatly predominating. 
Fortunately there is a general prejudice against 
eating oysters during the spawning season or 
those months, as the current saying goes, which 
quilt one way at ono operation. Palmer Bros., 
Montvillo, Conn,, who mako tens or thousands 
of such articles, uso them. We fancy it is not 
what you want, but it is the only machine wo 
know of. The Domestic, among sewing ma¬ 
chines, is tho best adapted for making bed quilts, 
Ac. There is used by small manufacturers iu 
this city, a quilting table, differing from tho old 
quilting frame. 
COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVED FOR THE W'EEK ENDING 
SATURDAY, 13TU INST. : 
W. J.F.-G. G.-c. W. A.— T. J. M.-Iv. many 
thanks.—Mrs. 8. It. R.—Mrs. S. C.—C. \V._W. J. 
1.—L. IL—F. I). C.—W. C. L. D.— Come and live 
hero <!>-Kdwin T. Marsh.—F, a. W.-K m. k. 
plo:ise glveffuU name.—I. \v. s.—L. s many 
thanks.-T. B. M.-R. u. M.—G. W. F.-c. It, g., 
not received, hut thanks all tlieanmo.—M arguer¬ 
ite, wlllrepiy bymatl.-L. Pock,—GeraldineGek- 
mane.— l„ Rouse.—One of the girls.—m, d. i\— 
An Cld Gardener.—W. it. morse, m. n.—\v. F. 
-A. L. it us it, —j. A. F. ; It is no novelty.— F, M — 
Charles Downing.—s. b. p.— m. \v,~c. H. k. r. 
Airs. N. )\. Fields,—M rs. Maria Frink.—A. Man¬ 
chester.—Enoch Spencer. 
eawHiooe not more Hum 230,000. Another at¬ 
tempt of fiie RUhtlans in Armenia to outflank 
Moukhtar Pasha has been defeated with heavy 
loss. Spain lias Just, paid Mr. Lowell, our ambas¬ 
sador, * 570,000 In part-payment or losses caused 
to Ami rit an eluzt ns by the Caban Insurrection. 
Saturday, Oct. 13.—At Scranton, Fa., the mi¬ 
ners who persist. In their strike are vehemently 
threatening those who have resumed work. 
Moukhtar Paslia Is pursuing the retreating Rus¬ 
sians In A rwenta. 1 1 is reported that Gen. Todle- 
ben will succeed Gen. Nepokoltscldtzky as chief 
or staff to the commander or the Russian array In 
Bulgaria. 
--- 
HOME NEWS PARAGRAPHS. 
\ underbill has ordered an advance In wages of 
5 per cent., to take effect Nov. 1. 
Twenty-rive hundred acres or broom corn were 
grown in Saline Co., Kau., this year. 
Lake Superior is 63i feet, above sea-levc), Huron 
aoni Michigan coo, Krle cr>r>, and Ontario 232. 
cucumbers are 07 per cent, water, 3 per cent, of 
solid matter, and *1 1-9 per cent, or Indigestion. 
Man glories In his strength; women glories In 
her hair; boarding-house butter glories lu both. 
California is one of the liop-growlng countries, 
and Is now gathering a bountiful hop harvest lu 
spite of the drought. 
One hundred New York stone-cutters have 
signed a contract for a year’s employment lu 
London, and will sail soon. 
During tne past month, the arrivals of Immi¬ 
grants at tills port numbered 0,C73, of whom 3,622 
were males and o.osi females. 
A new kind or barley scut from New Zealand to 
the Centennial has been tried In Canada and 
has succeeded remarkably well. 
The Black Hills papers say that If one t housand 
women would emigrate there they would at 
once find remunerate work arid husbands. 
Secretary McCrary Is going to recommend an 
Increase of the army to- 10 , 1)00 men by lining up 
present regiments to tlieJr full compliment. 
since the cattle disease made Its appearance lu 
Cleveland, Ohio, and vicinity. 109 cows have died. 
1 ’he general t heory Is that the desease la a fewer 
or some kind, and la communicated to native 
cattle by Texas steers taken there to be slaught¬ 
ered, many or which are pastured In the sur¬ 
rounding country for a time. 
