34-S 
THE 
Querist, 
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
J. II. L. —No, thank you, we have them. 
hr. .4. O. Williams, Hugo, 111 ,—Is a white- 
oak clayey noil, well enriched with barnyard man¬ 
ure, southern exposure, or slope, a suitable loca¬ 
tion for the Pear? The small lot referred to is 
underdr.iiin- l through the exact middle by the 
drain that leads from my cellar ; the lot is only 
60 or 70 feet wide. 2. Would that bo sufficient 
draining on fiu.di high dry soil, together with the 
natural slope which is considerable ? 3. Would 
digging tho holes for trees very deep, say 3 or 5 
feet, and then lining up to within 2 feet of the 
surface, with graved, broken crockery, or any¬ 
thin;; whi.'h would lie suitable to drain the earth 
above, he of any advantage to my trees? 4 If 
Strawberries are propagated by runners only, 
how oin iluy mix? I see several nurserymen 
who should know, boast that they have their 
different sorts entirely separate, and that cus¬ 
tomers can rely on getting plants quire. Why 
that precaution if they are not propagated from 
seel, hut from runners only? 5. 1 have just 
received one or two roots each of all the Boris of 
Easpherri which are very small. 1 wish to 
winter without losing any at all. Give surest 
plan. 11 >w would they do planted now in a 
roomy box and kept in a cellar ? 
[We apologize to our respected friend, that 
for want of space we haVe been unable to 
answer 1 lie above inquiries before.— Eds ] 
Ash —1. Yus, better than if the soil wore 
sandy. In warm soils cooler exposures are pre¬ 
ferred. 2. It would. 3. It would he disadvan¬ 
tageous in your situation or in auy other. 4. 
Strawlimrio < cannot mix except seminally. The 
same plant, or its runners, must always produce 
the same fruit. Nurserymen have reference to 
keeping each variety of Strawberry by itself so 
that tho runners of one shall no intermluglo 
with those ot another. Your safest way, now 
that it is so late, would he as you suggest or else 
heel thorn in selecting a high, dry [dace. Your 
cellar should he cold and dry if you winter them 
there. 
A Subscriber, 1 Virt Center, N. Y.—l have 
read a great deal in your .very valuable paper 
about the benefits of feeding oil cake, or oil 
meal, as it is sometimes called; will you 
please tell us, through the Rdkal, the best way 
to feed it, and also where it can be had. Price, 
etc. 
There are upwards of a dozen different kinds 
of oil cako, all products obtained by submitting 
various seeds to strong pressure, and differing 
materially in composition. Among these, those 
in mo-4 general use are cot ton-8oed-cake, Imsecd- 
cake, rapc.-seid-cake. hemp-cake and poppy-seed¬ 
cake. In fact, all oleaginous seeds when ex¬ 
posed to strong pressure, utter yielding oil, are 
converted into cakes, useful both for feeding 
Block and for fertilizing purposes. In the latter 
capacity, some of them nru powdered and ap¬ 
plied directly to the soil, while others are oliieily 
fed to cattle, us with these, after extracting from 
them those properties which they cau assimilate 
for the production of fat or milk manufacture 
tho residue Into the manure, yielded by the ex- 
crementf. Cotton-seed-cake however, is prob¬ 
ably tho kind meant by our correspondent, and 
It would bo well, if this as well as others were 
more extenulvoiy used as cattle feed in this coun¬ 
try, instead of being sent to England to benefit 
foreigners and their soil. 
The Cii lies can bo got from any of tho mills, or 
any dealer in feed will furnish a supply; hut in 
all cases, it would ho advisable to purchase cakes 
instead of meal. Ono can then plainly Bee what 
ho has got lor his money, whereas it id uncertain 
what adulterations may he added to the ground 
article, C ittlo will readily eat tho cakes when 
freely cracked into pieces. Grinding and crush¬ 
ing and crushing indeed, are comparatively re* 1 
cent practices. In England, where t his Bort of 
feed is v. i y extensively used, the first medium 
of change was a small machine, about tho size 1 
of a corn-sheller, which broke up the cake into 
small hits about an inch square. For sheep it 
was reduced (o smaller size, but it was years af¬ 
ter its first introduction, before it was ground 
for cattlo feed. Suitable mills for grinding the 
cake are advertised ; or any local dealer in agri¬ 
cultural implements will he happy to get yon 
one, quite as cheaply as you could procure it 
yourself. 
Oil cake cau be given alone or mixed up 
with chaff, or chaff-meai &o., it matters little 
so that tho cattle get it. Although cattlo aud 
sheep are ravenously fond of cake when they 
have become accustomed to the taste, yet it is | 
somo days before some of them will touch it. ! 
Of course, mixing it wtyh other feed in its 
ground state would do away with this trouble. , 
It is customary in Eugland, when feeding cat- , 
Go for Christmas show-beef, to have a shed in i 
the old grass field where tho oxen lie, and to take 
them somo cake onoo a day tho first part of sum¬ 
mer, and twice the latter part, and nothing at 
all but the cake is then given ; for the grass on 
a century old feeding pasture in England, is it¬ 
self forcing. 
There are two advantages in using oil cake : 
it Is healthy and fattons faster than other food ; 
and moreover, will add do the fertility of a farm 
in consequence of the richer manure. Many 
of the tenant farmers in England will give their 
regular store stock a little cake, chiefly for the 
purpose of enriching the manure, but though 
yearlings and two years' old cattle, and cows in 
calf liavo only about 4 lbs. daily; even that 
small quantity tolls on their condition very fa¬ 
vorably. 
tl fins of tlic ftolffh. 
HOME NEWS PARAGRAPHS. 
Diphtheria Is raging In Weedsport, Cayuga Co., 
N. Y. 
Sumpter, Florida, will ship 2, 000,000 oranges 
this year. 
Tho torty-flfth Congress contains one hundred 
and seventy-live lawyers. 
There Is a breed ot hogs In western Texas w hich 
has no division in the hoof. 
Large quantities of grain are being shipped 
from New Orleans to Europe. 
There wore shipped to Eoglaud from Montreal, 
Nov. sth, 24,1)00 dozens or eggs. 
The deposits in the savings banks of the United 
States are estimated at f 1 , 000 , 000 , 000 . 
The country population of California Is only 
equal to the population of San Francisco. 
Susan B. Anthony has been elected to the office 
or constable in Mooseman’a district lu Colorado. 
Half a ton ot pure gold is used annually ror lin¬ 
ing Uic teeth or the people of the United States. 
The public lands were sold or otherwise dis¬ 
posed of, last year, to the extent ol 4,789,000 acres. 
The Presbyterians have 270 churches, 205 minis¬ 
ters aud 21 ,si 2 members lu the state of Virginia. 
The reduction In the public debt, during Octob¬ 
er, was nearly four and a quarter millions of dol¬ 
lars. 
The subscriptions for the unemployed and desti¬ 
tute people of San Francisco aggregate about 
$25,000. 
The low price of potatoes leads to extensive 
shipments to the We-t Judies and to South 
America. 
A cow deliberately committed suicide, near 
Lake city,Minn., tho other day, by Jumping from 
a high bluff. 
It la stated that negotiations will shortly beglu 
between Canada aud tnoUulted States fora now 
reciprocity treaty. 
Eight hundred and fifty pounds of squashes 
from one hill Is what has been done this season 
at Plymouth, N. if. 
The grand Jury has ignored the bill against 
General Pierson, charged with murder curing the 
Pittsburgh riots In July last. 
Tho total expenditures on tho East River 
bridge, between Brooklyn and New York, thus 
far are reported at $8,090,533. 
The Agricultural College at Eau Gallle, Fla., on 
Indian River, la bulltof Coquina rock, cut Into the 
shape uf bricks with a hatchet. 
Mrs. Smith, ot South Boston, Is so stingy that 
the only things she is known to glvo away uro 
shoos to her neighbors’ chickens. 
TUeNew York Canal Commissioners have order¬ 
ed tho canals or the State to be closed on Friday, 
Dec. 7, unless sooner closed by loo. 
Shipments of cotton by the Norfolk, Va., and 
Liverpool direct line have commenced. Nov. Sth 
3,000 bales were sent by mat route. 
Dlptheria continues In various parts of Nova 
Scoria. Seventeen deatds recently occurred at 
River Johu, Pictou county, from it. 
Gov. Hubbard said In his speech at the Belton 
Fair that Texas was getting rich at the rate of 
one hundred million dollars per annum. 
Missouri farmers are shipping cattle from Colo¬ 
rado, Lo feed with the abundant corn crop of the 
former Stale, which will not pay to ship. 
The Galveston News says the work ot clearing 
titles lo the stolen lands or the Knnsas-Texas 
ring will produce five thousand lawsuits. 
A Dubuque mother broke her little girl’s arm 
by giving 11 a sudden wrench to compel the child 
to come in the house when she was called. 
Congress will take a week’s recess for Thanks¬ 
giving. With that exception the extra and 
regular sessions will make a close connection. 
It Is said that 71 per cent, of the rarms in Indi¬ 
ana are cultivated by their owners, 20 per cent, 
are farmed on shares, and 0 per cent, are rented, 
The 8ea Island cotton crop for 1S7G-7 is it, 823 
bales, Florida producing 11,214, an increase over 
the previous year's crop of that State of 2,264 
bales. 
In one county in Vermont there are 210 desert¬ 
ed f irm houses. The farmers have emigrated to 
other States or removed to the cities, leaving the 
farms to the hands of strangers. 
s The largest steer In the State of Indiana la In 
. the possession of Mr. G. Lowe of Monon township, 
t White county. It weighs three thousand six hun- 
, dred pounds. 
A woman m Gaston county. N. C., recently, 
gave birth to four children which arc all doing 
well. Two years ago she had three which are all 
living and healthy. 
A tenement has been discovered In New York- 
City, In which ninety-nine families, aggregating 
nearly 600 persons, are living. Borne of t.Ue rooms 
contain seven families each. 
The oldest Free Mason In Maine is said to be 
Marcus Richardson or Bangor, who J fined the 
fraternity In 1802, the next oldest being James 
ltftckleff or Portland, who joined lu 1803. 
The potato shipments from Troy N. Y. last week 
aggregated 9,829 barrels—2,929 by boat,, and 0,900 
by rail. The total shipments to Nov. 10 amount to 
127,M2 barrels, valued at abeut $170,000. 
Oregon cans salmon, Texas cans beef, Balti¬ 
more cans oysters, Key West cans turtles, New 
England cans corn and baked beans, New Jersey 
cans peaches. This la Urn era of t he can. 
Tho total or school receipts In Ohio for the past 
year was ? >t7.29s.stl. The payments amounted to 
$270,623.11. Male teachers receive an average sal¬ 
ary of $51 per month; female teachers, $31. 
There was an Increase of 903 In the number of 
posuofflcesln t he United States during the last 
fiscal year. There are 35,948 postmasters receiv¬ 
ing less than $1,000 salary, and 1,837 receiving 
|l,000 or more. 
Wilson Waddlnghatn.of New York, owns <506,000 
acres In one lot on the Canadian River In New 
Mexico, and about 600,000 acres more In other 
parts of the same territory, making altogether 
1 , 205,000 acres. 
Ex-Governor Abner Coburn, of Maine Is the 
owner of not loss than 603,000 acres, divided up ns 
follows: Maine, 350,000 acres; Cuuada, 135,000 ; 
Wisconsin, 35, 000 ; DakOluh, 35,000; Michigan, 
20,000 ; Minnesota, 18,000. 
Youngsters take warning—Recently a number 
or Canadian boys, at St. Catherines, went up the 
mountain to gather chestnuts, and one of t hem 
ate 80 many of the nuts that congestion of the 
bowels followed, and hedled Shortly afterwards. 
A man In Salem, Oregon, cleared fils premises 
of rats, by catching one and pouring carbolic 
acid over It, ami then turning it- loose. The odor 
of their unfortunate friend appears to have con¬ 
vinced tho other rats ot the propriety of going 
elsewhere. 
More than 6 , 000,000 cans of corn are now pack¬ 
ed In Maine, annually, and sold In every part or 
the world, yielding a business to that Suite or 
about $1,250,000, aud giving, profitable employ¬ 
ment lo from 8000 to 10,000 people during the 
packing season. 
The Chicago Post estimates the net losses or 
dmerent base ball clubs this season ns roiiows; 
C file ago, $ 0 , 000 ; St, Louis, $ 8,000 ; H artrords, 
$2,500 : Lou Is VJlles, $ 2 , 000 ; Bostons, $ 1,600 ; stars 
$ 2 . 1 * 00 ; indianauopoiis, $ 4 , 000 ; Tecuinsuh, $j,ooj; 
Milwaukee, 2 , 000 . 
The New Hampshire Agricultural College, In 
spite or the aid given It by Dartmouth and the 
unpaid services ot many of Darunou h’s best pro¬ 
fessors, Is said to be a failure. With facilities for 
a hundred students It has only about half-a-dozen, 
aud It lias Incurred a debt or $ 6 , 000 . 
During the past year there were registered In 
the United states 4,500,000 letters, or one for every 
ten persons. Only one lu every 6,000 of these let¬ 
ters was lost, and even of the lost many were 
alter wards recovered and sent either to their 
proper destination or back to the writer. 
Texas made this year 700,000 bales of cotton, 
from Which will be obtained 810,000,000 pounds of 
seed. This seed, converted Into oil, would bring 
over $ 14 , 000 , 000 , Tho total exports of cotton rrom 
the port, of Galveston during the season just closed 
Wore 495,614 bales, ot wblch 256,928 went Lo foreign 
and 238,866 to domestic ports. 
It Is estimated that 230.000 bales of the de¬ 
ficiency of the cotton crop of the season of J. 870-7 
was the result or lire Overflows in the lower Mis¬ 
sissippi aud tributaries lu the spring and summer 
ot 1S7<>. Of this 97.000 bales are apportioned to 
the lower Mississippi, 83 ,000 bales io the Arkansas 
and 67.000 bales to the Wichita, The money 
value ot the crop lost by high water is estimated 
at $8,655,000. 
The following Is a list of the number of gradu¬ 
ates from various Colleges, In the class of ’ 77 : 
Yale, 170; Harvard, 163; Princeton, 112; Amherst, 
75; Lafayette, oo; Dartmouth, 65; Brown. 55 ; Co¬ 
lumbia, 53; Williams. 40; Bowdoin, 39 ; Wesleyan, 
31; University of Pennsylvania, hi ; Rutgers, 29; 
University or California, 26; New York University, 
25; Pennsylvania College, 21 ; Trinity, 20 ; Bates, 
18 ; Vermont University, 18 ; Roanoke, 17,- Colby, 
16; Tufts, 16 ; Marietta, 15; Middlebury, 13 ; Chi¬ 
cago University, 12; Lehigh, 12 ; Wittenberg, 9; 
Carthage, 9. 
FOREIGN NOTES. 
The population of France according to the last 
census Is sc,905,T83. 
The expenditure of the Austrian empire for the 
current year is estimated at £42,434,747. 
Property to the amount or £9.000,000 was de¬ 
stroyed and 20 lives lost by a hurricane and sea 
wave itl Curaeoa ou September 23 . 
Iu many parts or Australia the gradual disap¬ 
pearance of the natives ana their dogs has led to 
au Immense increase in the herds of kangaroos. 
Among the socialists or nihilists, recently con¬ 
demned to exile In Russia were several women, 
including ladles of position, young, handsome, 
and cult ured. 
The Shah of Persia has sent his private secre¬ 
tary to make the necessary arrangements for a 
visit next year to Europe, and especially to the 
Paris Exhibition. 
The Imperial Office of statistics In Berlin has 
Just published 1 lie latest, census table of the pop¬ 
ulation in the empire. At the end or 1875 It was 
42,757,300. The greatest Increase was In Prussia 
proper; Alsace-Lorraine lost three per thou¬ 
sand. 
The great gnn now in contemplation In Italy, 
In consequence or the experiments made fit Spez- 
zla, Is to weigh 200 tons, lis length will be 60feet, 
the length of the bore 44 feet, the diameter of the 
bore 21 Inches. The charge of powder will weigh 
950 pounds. 
The Russian newspapers are advising all pa¬ 
triotic Muscovites, especially those who are also 
extremely devout, to send their broken silver 
spoonB aud other articles of that metallic kind to 
the Imperial mint to be worked to meet the de¬ 
mand of foreign creditors. 
ller Majesty queen Isabella has a perfect pas¬ 
sion for Ince, and possesses a collection which Is 
valued at ov.-r $1, 0011 , 000 . This collection Is a per- 
fact museum or lace or all kinds, epochs, and na¬ 
tionalities. One divas alone, composed of point 
d’Alenson, 1 h valued at $ 20 , 000 . 
Tho Emperor of Russia has Issued a decree, ac¬ 
cording to the terms of which every soldier ae-. 
t irnlly present at tlieseat of war will be capable 
of promotion to an officer’s rank for distinguished 
military services. Further advancement will be 
dependent on their successfully passing the usual 
examinations. 
Bliowlng the results of scientific farming, while 
Austria produces on one square mile 3,796 head of 
stock, Prussia, within the same limits raises5,537, 
France 5,970, Great Britain 11,447. In Belgium, 
where agriculture Is most naturally pursued, a 
square mile produces means of nourishment for 
7, ri5 persons, whereas In Poland the farming pro¬ 
duces food for ouly 2,229 persons per square mile, 
aud taking the world at large, a far less average 
than this is obtained. 
VARIOUS. 
Mile Tletjens left $ 150,000 to her sister, Mrs. 
Croix, with the reversion to her two nclces, one 
of whom Is married. 
What li called the “Slorkbildge Manure” 13 
cc mposed of sulphate or ummonla, muriate of pot¬ 
ash, anil phcspluUc of lime. 
For Dom Pedro, Victor Hugo built up a drink ot 
crushed Ice, orange syrup and ruru. Mr. Pedro 
thinks Hugo the greatest of living authors. 
The Emperor of Germany suffers much from an 
unplcturesque complaint—the earache—and has 
lately presented In public tho unusual spoctaclc 
of a crowned head tied up In a black bandage . 
There is danger In all sorts of flags but Hie 
whit# flag. You are liable to be wounded under 
the battle flag, sold out under t he red flag, meet 
death under tho black flag, and Catch the small¬ 
pox under the yellow. 
Mrs. Morton will remove from Indianapolis to 
New Haven, where her sou 13 at college. After 
his graduation she will return to Indianapolis. 
She will retain her house In Indianapolis. Her 
husband, It la said, lett about $6,00u. 
General Sherman's official salary, It Is stated, 
amounts to about $18 000 a year, Inclusive or the 
usual commutation lor supplies. Ho lives, at 
present, at the Ebblu House, in Washington. 
Jle is said to enjoy Washlugtou gayetles great¬ 
ly, and to feel agrleved when there Is not—to use 
his own words—'* some sort of a fandango" every 
evening. 
When the late General Forrost was a slave- 
dealer In Memphis, it is said that he wasalwajs 
kind to the human beings he sold ; he never sep¬ 
arated members of a family, and alwayBtold bis 
slaves to go out in the city and choose their own 
masters. Not one evt r took advantage of the 
permission to run away. Forrest taught them 
that It was to tlielr own Interest not to obuse the 
privilege, and ho also taught them to fear him 
greatly. To some men, who had the reputation 
of being cruel masters, he would never sell a 
slave. 
John Walsh, the newly appointed minister to 
England, Is a somewhat tall and slender person, 
with a pleasant face, half hidden .n a gray beard; 
with large blue eyes* and a well shaped head 
covered with profuse gray locks, lie has the air 
and manner of an educated merchant., and lias, 
indeed, been for the most of bis life a very suc¬ 
cessful business man. Jle la a lavish host aud 
has wealth to support his disposition. It is re¬ 
membered of him In Philadelphia that when, 
•luring Exhibition times, bu gave a reception so 
large as to overflow the limits of fils own house, 
he provided another apartment for his guests by 
opening to them the new Academy of Fine Arts, 
to the fund for which institution he was one ot 
the largest contributors. 
Ilnppr tidings Tor nervous sufferers, and those 
who have been dosed, drugged and quacked, l’ul- 
vermaeher’B Electric Belts effectually cure pre¬ 
mature debility, weakness and decay. Book and 
Journal, with Information worth thousands, mail¬ 
ed free. Address Pulvxhmacokk Gauvamc Co., 
Cincinnati, Ohio. 
