THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
of rye and oats sown early in September, now 
begin to afford aomo feed, though wo do not in¬ 
tend to turn on our stock until after January 1. 
One calf, having been on this field since before 
the grain was sown, is getting very fleshy. 
Older stock will do very well in the cornfield for 
some time yet, if fed a little meal and a few 
roots when brought home at night. 
M. B. Prince. 
London, and the other about S00 pounds in the 
summer and less by a great deal in the 
winter, but then our winters lasted only throe 
months. The butter made by my grandmothers 
in May, Juno and July would be about 400 
pounds and 700 pounds, but gradually it got loss 
till December, so that the average was about 
that stated. The average yield in both dairies 
was, as noarl vs conk! bo, nine pounds per cow 
during the tin•. best months, and seven popnds 
per cow for n., months. These cows were 
Yorkshire with a littlo pure Durham, and almost 
all the cows in the Midland Counties of England 
at that time, were grades having, some of them, 
dashes of Hereford, while towards Gloucester and 
Worcestershire there were many “longhorns.” 
At that day the Alderney cows were hero and 
there all over England, and many farmers would 
have one or two for the sake of giving a bettor 
color to the butter, and then, although these 
cows were very plain, light-fleshed animals, they 
gave as ranch milk as the best of the herd and at 
that time I really believe uo heifer or cow com¬ 
ing from the Channel Islands ever gave less than 
ten quarts at a milking, and quito as rich as it is 
now. There were no theories of any account in 
those days. The heifer calves from the best 
milkers wore raised and the bntter from all the 
largest dairies wont to London. 
On a systematically well-managed dairy farm 
the dairy cows have their pasture field unmo¬ 
lested by other stock, and during the time the 
cowh graze it no other animals are allowed to bo 
in it to pick out the best grass or cause the 
pasture to become too short. Mauy years ago, I 
remember a man who put his hoi'ses to graze 
among the cows, bnt this rnado fat horses and 
lean cows with a falling off in the milk. Not 
content with this, whenever tho dairy cows of a 
neighbor of his, who dickered In cattle and was 
always buying and Belling, happened to have a 
good pasture, this man would come and talk him 
into purchasing some cows or heifers, so that 
the grass was soon gone and the milch cows 
would give loss than half the milk they would 
have done had no extra stock been bought. 
Thus it happened that all he gained by the cattle 
this neighbor persuaded him to buy, was more 
than lost in the dairy cows. 
Cows which are treated well and given good 
fresh grasH will, if properly selected, always 
hold on to a uniform full quantity, The dairy¬ 
man of the present day would do much better 
to stick to one good system, such as raising 
heifer calves from the best milkers and doing it 
on sweet skim milk, which can be done without 
making less butter. Every man Bhould also use 
a good bull and always be sure his dam was a 
first-class milker. 
There are many old and stupid ideas on differ¬ 
ent subjects connected with cows, which it is 
quite time wero forever done with. I have 
proved that pumpkin seeds do no harm and that 
pumpkins are a wonderful help to milch cows all 
through tho latter' part of summer and right on 
into the autumn, and by protecting them under 
some straw in the barn, they can be used till 
Christmas. I have proved that turnips and 
cabbages will spoil any butter and all the reme¬ 
dies are of no account, and it is especially silly 
to think it makes tho slightest difference 
whether turnips or any other bad-tasting feed is 
given just before or after any time ; if these go 
into the stomach, it does not matter when. 
Hollow horn and tail evil I have known for 
forty or more years to be imaginary diseases, 
and the belief iB entertained by the same class of 
uneducated men who suppose the moon has in¬ 
fluence on potatoes Bet at cer tain stages and will 
spoil pork pickled at such a quarter. And oh ! 
can it be 1877 when several men deolare that the 
moon actually curls up shingles put on a roof of 
any house or other buildings when tho nights 
are dark, But this is going from tho original 
subject. Whenever cows have good food and 
plenty of it, they will give good milk and plenty 
of it, so that there is nothing to do but learn 
what is good food and keep the cow* healthy. 
GraHB before it has seeded, is good, provided that 
there is not among it, any garlic or any other 
bad-flavored herbage; but or all pastxrre the old 
grass-fields which were never plowed or have 
not been for, at least, twenty years, are the best, 
and the blue grass, the white clover and all the 
dwarf, thick-set, natural grasses are the best. 
In winter, hay made from grass cut when 
young, nice, green corn fodder, bran and meal 
mixed, carrots, beets and [any grain sweet aud 
either ground or boiled are good; but as far as 
my experience goes, and it runH over fifty odd 
years, cutting cliaff and oookmg food and 
wetting the feed are trouble thrown away; for, 
excepting where it is not convenient to grind 
grain or corn, it is not worth while to boil as the 
saliva is the best moisture and to get it wotted 
with saliva the cows have to masticate thorough¬ 
ly, in which case nobody can deny the food must 
do most good. Cows should be milked by the 
same milkers, and at tho same time every 
morning and evenrng, although many covetous, 
over-reaching people contrive to have men milk 
late at night that the milking might be done 
after a day’s work on the farm is over. The care 
of the milk and churning comparatively easy 
if tho cows are properly cared for, and the right 
cows aro raised and kindly treated. 
|tcw ^ublirntioiHi 
P® r Please mention Rural, when address, 
ing Advertisers. 
The Magazine of Magazines.”-Uhi/u. press. 
TTIH MOST I0.MINRNT living 
authors, such ns «(. lion. \V. K. 
Glfldatoue, Prof, Mux Muller, 
riot. Tyndall, Dr. W. H. Car¬ 
penter, Prof. Burley, .fas. A. 
Fronde. P„ A. Proctor. Edward 
A. Freeman, t> Maokonrlo Wal¬ 
lace. Fram es Power Cohhe, The 
of Argyll, Mrs. Mu I noil, 
William lilacs, .lean Bigelow, 
Mil* Thackeray, Mrs. Oil pliant. 
Mis. Alexander <>eo MacDon¬ 
ald, Matthew Arnold, Turcuc- 
ulef, W. W. Story, Auerbach, 
VltlYlty W 
11YIN0 f, 
*0E- f 
THE EXHAUSTIVE NATURE OF THE 
PRESENT SYSTEM OF WHEAT CROWING, 
RURAL SPECIAL REPORTS 
Snohomish City, W. T., Nov. 10, 1877. 
Owing to the depreciation in the lumbering 
business, we are having hard times here. Money 
is very scarce, aud there are many idle men. The 
partial failure of the crops in California, is the 
cause of hard times here, for when the farmers 
there get good crops, they purchase lumber for 
dwellings, fences, etc., ami draw their supply 
principally from Puget Sound. Then, again, lum¬ 
bering has been carried on here on a somewnat 
infirm basis. Not infrequently ono or two men 
with a few hundred dollars, would find a piece of 
timber laud, then buy an outfit of four or five 
yoke of oxen for logging, purchase boom chains, 
provisions, and other necessaries to commence 
to open a claim, at an expense of from $1,500 to 
$2,500. Then the building of roads, Ac., cost 
from 81,000 to 82,000 more, and all this outlay 
before there is a log put iuto the water, so that 
by the time they get a boom of Jogs to the 
mill, they are in debt from $1,000 to $8,000. For 
two or three seasons they struggle on, paying off 
a part of their indebtedness when convenient, 
and contracting other debts when hard pushed, 
until finally the merchant gets impatient and in¬ 
sists on a settlement. This mercantile impa¬ 
tience generally occurs at the worst time for the 
debtor—generally just when hois "dead-broke” 
—and consequently his “ traps" fall into the 
clutches of the sheriff, aud he has either to seek 
some fresh occupation or resolutely recommence 
a similar struggle, h. 
Mu. McCullough, Ex-Secy, of the Treasury 
says that in the Western and far Western States 
the yield per acre is steadily decreasing, except¬ 
ing on the new land when first cultivated. Th« 
samecau bo said of California; for, although 
there are rich valleys which some pcop’e will 
arguo can be successively cropped without rest 
or manure, yet it is tho bight of imbecility t.. 
expect it, as there is no soil in tho world which 
can have crops matured and taken t ff without 
losing fertility. 
There is a great deal of nonsensical misstate- 
ments in the writings and sayings of many in 
the United States, who at tin pr -on: dsy at 
tempt to teach the body of agriculturists how tn 
farm. They bave one old-time, threadbare com¬ 
plaint of farms being too lar_,o; whereas the 
roal fault is that the capital Lu.plojtd js tot 
small, or that thoocoupiei knows nothing raouI 
good, sclf-sUHtaiiuLig farming ; for if there i 
plenty of live stock and the produce of the land 
is chitfly used in raiting or fattening cattle an" 
sheep, it matter - not how many acres are under one 
man’s care ; as he can, with good men to attend 
to the different departments, work a mammoth 
tract of country to Letter advantage than the 
; mall farmer who does all tho labor himself i. 
the winter. It is the small farmers who carrrr 
the largo numbtr cl farmlaborers to remain un¬ 
employed in the winter, for they invariably hire 
a man in the spring and discharge him in tie 
autnnrn; or, which is the same thing, lie in en¬ 
gaged only for the summer. If all the land in 
the United States waBin small farms, tiro farmers 
and their families would be all required on them 
in tho winters, thus throwing all tho hired 
men out of employment. If tbCHO men were all 
thus forced to engage in other than farm labor, 
or to quit the country, then these little fanner* 
would ho uuuble to cultivate their land properly 
for want of help. If it would ho advantageous 
to reduce tho farms to from 50 to 100 acre s, it 
might, lie well to do away with all gigantic busi¬ 
ness, put a stop to railroads, allow of nr such 
stores as A. T. Stewart’s, Lord A, Taylor' b, etc., 
and in short, permit no man to employ more than 
.$5,000 or $10,000 at the outBido. 
A Working Farmer. 
Living Age 
; c Living Age has Seen published over thirty- 
three ye.-o With tlie continued commendation of 
the hurt men "I tho country, and with constantly 
Inc'-enstnir Huiye**. 
A VYt 'Ju -hi.i/i mine ol' sixty-four pages. It gives 
more n 
Tllirr. AMI' A QUARTER THOUSAND 
di.Uhlo-o. 1 tn-- o ' v 1 1 pages of reading-matter year- 
L» It pres-.iu * in an iln-s pen Hive form, considering 
''sr-rv rimin' of matt, t, with freshness, owing to 
*” wnek'y Ir vie, end with u *}Ut»rnc»«ry coiu- 
ImCHjhC*'* a-.tempi d by no other publication, the 
:•••*' I'" 1 "*. R-'vicwa. t;vitlcl«uis, Tal s. Sketches of 
I'r ivel .uni Discovert, Poetry, i'denttne, Htngrann- 
1 . 8 ', rllntot C l mm f’nlltlral Infornji'Mc.o, from the 
aiitir.. body f F role . Periodical Literature. 
It 1 N7K, the ipu* u(.'lion* of tiny ijcaihriir For- 
%nr»*ova v:II pre-ented iu p* puei>*,—em- 
i.r .ein.. t„t, ehuli. .1 Serial and Short Stories, and an 
amount 
TJnapproacnod by any other Periodical 
In 'he vcrld, of most valuable Literary and Scl- 
o .lino inniter of tin day, from the pees of 'he fore- 
mo t L.i.TiyM*, Scientists, Critics, Discoverers anil 
i difo-K, ah-.vi»,nulled *i nil ru,«n~ other*, repro¬ 
ve Mug every department of Kunwloago and Prog¬ 
ress. 
The importance of TheLiving Auk torvsri/ Atner- 
(cun rc.HM ., »s tie. oblv aattsfuctorlly fre*t; aim COM¬ 
PLETE O'dunlin Mon of an InrtlspouSahln current Itt- 
eraiuio.—V'(toj>r "ruble because it embraces tire pro¬ 
ductions of 
THE ABLEST LIVING WRITERS, 
la autliuleutlv Indicated by tho following recent 
Opinion.**. 
“ The ‘Living Age affords the best, the cheapest 
and too*' c : ventent tnmuiH of kerplng abreast with 
the nrogr ss ot thought tn all Its phases."—| Phila¬ 
delphia Nidi Amarlrim. 
"In it we find In, best productions of the boat 
writer* upon I! ‘objects ready to Our hand." [Phil- 
ndeiphi, imn’-or 
*' its term with tho choicest literat ure of the 
d"y."—{New Yor: Tribune. 
*• It la b yond :d! , uoMInn the best Compendium of 
Mia be*t current literature.'’ [New York Evening 
Post. 
‘’DidlspensaMa to one who would keep pace with 
tho thought uml literature of (be day.”—[Chiuoh 
dou'iiCl, N V . 
" A pure a id perpetual reservoir and fountain of 
< ntorin r in m and Instruction." [Tlnn. Hebert C. 
Win limp. 
"The nest periodical in America.”—[Theo. L.Cuy- 
lor, D. D. 
• Fair y without a rival," -[Congregatlonallst, 
Boston. 
" Thu best of all the eclectic publications, and the 
r a monthly that comes everu week."— [The 
Advii-cr. (! ilcsvo. 
“It Is liicom .arable iu tho richness, variety and 
sterling Wurth of its article*."-!Tho Standard, Chi¬ 
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ami science of the day."- [The MelhOdUt, New York. 
Kane Co, Ill., Nov. 19. 
This month, so far, has been very disagreeable 
—first snow and tben frost. The mercury stood 
at 24 at ono time, and after that, the weather 
grew more moderate, but it rained until the 
roads are almost impassable, on which accouut 
no produce is being moved. It is bad weather to 
get out the corn-crop of which this country haB 
a good one, and two weeks of fair weather are 
needed, in order that it may be properly cared 
for. 
Spkingville, N. Y., Nov. 9,1877. 
We are having a very mild fall. We had an 
immense crop of apples: price $1.50 to *2.00 
per barrel. 150,000 barrels were shipped from 
tho three south-western comities. Wheat aud 
oats, large cropB : wheat, $1.75; oats, 38 to 40 
cents per bushel. Corn a fair crop. Pears, 
peaches and other small fruits in abundance. 
Pork C to 7 cents per pound; butter 25 cents per 
pound. m. e. p. 
YOUTH’S- 
Green. N. Y. 
Times are very stringent here j ust at present, 
owing to the low price of butter—you are aware 
this is a butter country. We aro all sanguine of 
better times. j. i. a. 
OMPANION 
A WEEKLY PAPER FOR 
YOUNG PEOPLE 
J kfferson Co., Kansas, Nov. 20. 
Crops good in this vicinity though on account 
of cold and wet the corn did not all oome up at 
first planting, and iH not so evenly good as last 
year. b. b. 
Parsons, Kansas, Nov. 20, 1877. 
Had no snow at all yet. Thermometer to-day 
, 8 A. M. 45°; at 1 P. M. 08°. Average of past 
eek at both hours 45°. 5. Annual average of 
376, 55°. w. o. 
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MANAGEMENT OF DAIRY COWS, 
BY GEORGE GARDNER 
There is more variety of opinion on dairy 
management and on the system of raising or 
buying oows and tho way to feed them etc. 
than anyone oould think possible, aud what iB 
amusing is every one believes his is the only 
true method. 
Now, it is certain there are many teachers who 
know very little more than was thoroughly 
understood 50 years ago. I can recollect every 
particular in the management of at least 20 
dairies, 55 years ago; for as a boy 1 was in the 
dairy with my mother at home, with my aunts 
when on a visit, and with my dear old grand¬ 
mothers who were first-class butter-makers, and 
sent, the one about 300 pounds per week to 
A n, ‘ w medical Treatise "Thb 
IYiKU ts UC'KNCK OK Llfi:, OKMXF-PltES- 
Et.v ation,” a brott f". evory- 
Tli VC SIC to dy- Brier * 1. Bent by muli. Fifty 
I li I OilLi original pi ascription*. cHuer one 
of which in worth ton time* the 
price of the hoi dc. Go.U Modal awurded the author. 
Tho Boston Vivjultl guy*: “ Tho Science of Life Is, 
beyond .ill compartiou. tho most 
extraor Unary work on Physiology Uh/jl 
ever publish"' 1 ." An Illustrated nLnla 
Pamphlets n» hike. AUCtesBDu_ 
\V. H. I'AHKHH, No. 4 Bulflnch TUVQEI C 
Street, Boston, Mass. I n I OIL La 
Tbe Best Paper, and tho Best Premiums to 
Agents,id our motto. Wo iguoro Ohrotuou and all 
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money in the na-per and In Premiums to Agents 
