12 
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
Series 4, Volume 64, Supplement 1 
Figure 8. The distribution of Banksula melones (red), B. grahami (orange), and B. martinorum (green) in the Stanislaus 
River-New Melones Lake area, Calaveras and Tuolumne counties, Sierra Nevada North region. See Figure 7 for location in 
California. B. grahami, a troglophile/troglobite, is found in 15 caves and one mine in at least 7 clusters over 13 km. B. mel¬ 
ones, a troglophile, occurs in 22 caves in at least 4 clusters over 8 km in the same area. The two species were sympatric in 
McLean's Cave, which was inundated by New Melones Lake. Both were introduced to the Transplant Mine. 
records of 198 caves, of which 143 were sampled (Table 1), found in the following karst areas: 
Kaiser Wildemess/Twin Lakes Area, Kings Caverns Geologic Area, Kings Canyon, Mineral King 
Area, North Fork of the Merced River, Sequoia/Kings Canyon, South Fork of the Kaweah River, 
Sparking Karst Area, and talus caves in Yosemite National Park. 
Cave Region 5 — Bay Area/Delta 
All counties in this region have small caves and groundwater sites. The region has 47 caves 
and karst features (34 biological sites) and sea caves (31 sampled). Important cave areas are Napa 
County (3 caves) and the Santa Cruz Karst. Clay Cave, Napa County, an important biological 
site, is a soil pipe formed in volcanic ash (Table 1). 
Santa Cruz Karst. This small karst area, about 63 km 2 , comprises a series of small caves 
developed in marble near the city of Santa Cruz and on Ben Lomond Mountain. The outcrop is of 
limited extent at an elevation of 100-200 m. There are 44 known caves; we have data on 29 caves 
(25 biological sites). This small area has high endemicity and biodiversity (including 3 stygobites 
and 2 troglobites), and some of the caves are protected. Empire Cave is an important biological 
site. 
