ELLIOTT ET AL.: THE CAVE FAUNA OF CALIFORNIA 
27 
Table 3. Cave spiders of California. Gray highlights families without cavemicoles, green probable acci¬ 
dentals, light blue troglophiles, and dark blue troglobites. For species tallies: CV-cavemicole; ?-unresolved; 
AX-accidental; TX-trogloxene; TP-troglophile; [C]-TP known only from caves; TB-troglobite. 
group 
Family 
CV 
? 
AX 
TX TP 
[C] 
TB 
group 
Family 
CV 
? 
AX 
TX 
TP 
[C] 
TB 
Antrodiaetidae 
1 
1 
Amaurobiidae 
7 
1 
3 
3 
£ 
Mecicobothriidae 
0 
■3 
*o 
Agelenidae 
1 
1 
Q. 
6 
Dipluridae 
0 
£ 
Hahniidae 
7 
1 
6 
[1] 
E 
o 
Nemesiidae 
1 
1 
V 
Cybaeidae 
7 
2 
2 
3 
re 
§£ 
Ctenizidae 
0 
o 
3 
Dictynidae 
21 
1 
13 
? 
7 
E 
Euctenizidae 
1 
1 
re 
E 
Amphinectidae 
0 
Theraphosidae 
1 
1 
Desidae 
0 
Hypochilidae 
2 
2 
Zoropsidae 
10 
10 
[2] 
Filistatidae 
1 
1 
t/> 
Miturgidae 
0 
Caponiidae 
1 
1 
s> 
Pisauridae 
0 
Trogloraptoridae 
0 
o 
Lycosidae 
2 
2 
Segestriidae 
0 
>r 
Oxyopidae 
0 
2 
Dysderidae 
0 
Thomisidae 
1 
1 
Oonopidae 
0 
Selenopidae 
0 
_o 
Q. 
Pholcidae 
9 
2 
7 
Sparassidae 
0 
Plectreuridae 
1 
1 
Eutichuridae 
0 
Diguetidae 
0 
Clubionidae 
0 
Sicariidae 
3 
3 
Anyphaenidae 
1 
1 
Scytodidae 
0 
c 
re 
Liocranidae 
1 
1 
Telemidae 
2 
1 
? 
1 
> 
Philodromidae 
1 
1 
Leptonetidae 
7 
4 
3 
§ 
Salticidae 
1 
1 
Oecobiidae 
0 
Corinnidae 
0 
u 
Titanoecidae 
0 
Phurolithidae 
1 
1 
E 
Homalonyehidae 
0 
Trachelidae 
0 
Zodariidae 
0 
Gnaphosidae 
2 
2 
Uloboridae 
1 
1 
Prodidomidae 
0 
Theridiidae 
11 
6 
5 
Mimetidae 
0 
Species Totals 
146 
16 
27 
4 
80 
5 
19 
c 
Araneidae 
1 
1 
% 
100 
11 
18 
2 
54 
3 
13 
•E 
_ro 
Anapidae 
1 
1 
Mysmenidae 
1 
1 
Family Totals 
61 
o 
Tetragnathidae 
5 
2 
3 
[1] 
Cavemicoles 
35 
Nesticidae 
3 
2 
[1] 
1 
AX only 
12 
Linyphiidae 
27 
6 
1 
16 
? 
4 
TP+TB 
17 
Pimoidae 
3 
3 
TB 
6 
obligate subterranean fauna (Elliott 2007). A different trend occurs in Texas (16,44,13), where spi¬ 
der troglobites predominate (Culver et al. 2003). 
In all, about 250 arachnid species are recorded from Californian caves, with the troglobites 
representing about 24%. Most of the remainder are troglophiles (about 100 species), which 
exhibit varying degrees of troglomorphy and cave fidelity; the rest (about 80 species) are troglox- 
enes or accidentals. 
Scorpions, schizomids and palpigrades each have one troglobitic species. Although several 
species of scorpions occur in caves, only Uroctonus grahami is a troglobite, and is known from a 
single cave in the forested karst of Shasta County. The troglophile Uroctonites sequoia (Fig. 15), 
occurs only in Clough Cave, Tulare County; the median eyes are small and the third lateral eye is 
obsolete. The scorpion Uroctonus mordax also occurs in Clough Cave and other caves and epigean 
localities (Fig. 16). The schizomid, Hubbardia shoshonensis, is also known from a single cave, but 
from the Mojave Desert of Inyo County (Fig 17). An unidentified schizomid, probably a species of 
Hubbardia, was observed in Clough Cave. A palpigrade species, which remains to be described, 
has been collected in two caves in Sierra Nevada North. 
Mites are very abundant and diverse in caves, but most are parasites associated with mammal 
residents. Only two troglobites have been recorded, a predatory rhagidiid, Foveacheles titanica, 
