192 
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
Series 4, Volume 64, Supplement 1 
SUBORDER LANIATORES 
Family Phalangodidae 
Undetermined 
Records: Fresno Co.: Church Cave. Tulare Co.: Cedar Cave; Eighteenth Hole; Overhang Cave. 
Bibliography: Krejca (2006). 
Banksula sp. 
Records: Tuolumne Co.: Crystal Butterfly Cave. 
Bibliography: Snyder (2003). 
Banksula californica (Banks) (troglobite) 
Records: El Dorado Co.: Alabaster Cave (type locality). 
Comment: Originally described as Phalangodes californica, this species has no retinae or corneas. Briggs (1974) reported 
that a thorough search of Alabaster Cave, which was partially destroyed by quarrying, failed to locate specimens. Banksu¬ 
la incredula Ubick and Briggs with elongate legs but well developed eyes was described from sandstone talus on San Bruno 
Mountain, San Mateo County (Ubick and Briggs (2002). 
Bibliography: Banks (1900, 1904); Briggs (1974a, 1974b); Briggs and Ubick (1981); Comstock ('1912, 1940); Danehy 
(1951b); Goodnight and Goodnight (1960, 1981); Jeannel (1943); Juberthie (1964); Kury (2003); McConnell (1976, 1983); 
Nicholas (1960); Popoff (1978); Rambla and Juberthie (1994); Roewer (1923); Ubick and Briggs (2002); Wolf (1934- 
1937). 
Banksula galilei Briggs (troglobite) 
Records: Placer Co.: Lime Rock Caves (type locality); Lime Rock Cave No. 3. 
Bibliography: Briggs (1974b); Briggs and Ubick (1981); Goodnight and Goodnight (1981); Kury (2003); Rambla and 
Juberthie (1994); Ubick and Briggs (2002). 
Banksula grahami Briggs (troglophile/troglobite) 
Records: Calaveras Co.: Carlow’s Cave; Grapevine Gulch Cave; Gray Pine Cave; Keith’s Chasm; Moaning Cave (type 
locality); Music Hall Cave; Rabbit Hole. Tuolumne Co.: mine on ridge 4.5 km N of Columbia; mine tunnel on Experi¬ 
mental Mine road; Banksula Cave; Crystal Palace; Experimental Mine Cave; McLean’s Cave; Pinnacle Point Cave (type- 
locality of synonymized Banksula elliotti Briggs and Ubick); Porcupine Cave; Snell’s Cave; Transplant Mine. 
Comment: This species is sympatric with B. melones in McLean’s Cave. It has colonized at least two mines, probably by 
interstitial movement. Briggs and Elliott established the Transplant Mine population under U. S. Army Corps of Engineers 
contracts. This species is apparently now extinct in the Transplant Mine since none were found in 1986 or 1996. Recent 
study indicates that this species exhibits clinal variation in troglomorphic characters and that what had previously been con¬ 
sidered a separate species (B. elliotti ) represents only those populations with the highest degree of eye degeneration. Also, 
the southernmost populations of B. grahami have well-developed eyes and can be considered troglophiles. 
Bibliography: Briggs (1974a, 1974b, 1975, 1987, 1991); Briggs and Ubick (1981); Cooper (1978); Culver, Christman, 
Elliott, Hobbs, and Reddell (2000); Elliott (1978, 1979b, 1981a, 1985); Fiack (1978); Goodnight and Goodnight (1981); 
Graening (2011b); Kury (2003); McEachem and Grady (1978); Martin, B. (1977); Martin, B.J. (1981; Rambla and Juberthie 
(1994). 
Banksula grubbsi Briggs and Ubick (troglobite) 
Record: Amador Co.: Black Chasm (type locality). 
Comment: At present this species is known from a single male of light yellow color with small corneas and no retinae. 
Bibliography: Briggs and Ubick (1981); Kury (2003); Rambla and Juberthie (1994); Ubick and Briggs (2002). 
Banksula martinorum Briggs and Ubick (troglobite) 
Record: Calaveras Co.: Heater Cave (type locality). 
Comment: This species, known only from Heater Cave, has no retinae or corneas. 
Bibliography: Briggs and Ubick (1981); Casper (1979); Culver, Christman, Elliott, Hobbs, and Reddell (2000); Kury 
(2003); Rambla and Juberthie (1994); Rudolph (1979); Ubick and Briggs (2002). 
Banksula melones Briggs (troglophile) 
Records: Calaveras Co.: Barren Cave; Beta Cave; Bone Cave; Bryden’s Cave; Cave of Skulls; Cone Cave; Coral Cave; 
Eagle View Cave No. 2; Fenceline Cave; Gerritt’s Cave; Lost Piton Cave; Poison Oak Cave; Quail Cave; Scat Cave. 
