ELLIOTT ET AL.: THE CAVE FAUNA OF CALIFORNIA 
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Tuolumne Co.: Border Pit; Gate Pit Cave; McLean’s Cave; McNamee’s Cave (type-locality); Mine Cave; Scorpion Cave; 
Transplant Mine; Vulture Cave; Zeke’s Pit. 
Comment: This species was sympatric with B. grahami in McLean’s Cave and the Transplant Mine. It was established in 
the latter by the artificial transplant of 22 individuals in 1975 and 26 adults plus as many as 26 immatures in 1977-78. As 
of March 1979 B. melones had increased to a population of several hundred individuals. The population of B. grahami had 
also increased in the mine, but was not as numerous as B. melones despite having a larger founding population (116 adults). 
Subsequent visits to the m in e turned up only B. melones, with about 50 individuals recorded in 1986 and only six in 1996. 
Banksula melones has large, dark, well developed eyes, therefore it may not be a troglobite, but it is known from the dark 
zone of caves, although it has been found under stones in the twilight zone of Vulture Cave and Bone Cave. At the time of 
the transplants its known distribution included only McLean’s Cave (subsequently inundated by New Melones Lake) and 
McNamee’s Cave (subsequently destroyed by quarrying). Both species will consume live collembola during confinement 
and will occasionally kill, but not consume, large psocids. Both species frequently exhibit catatonic behavior when dis¬ 
turbed, i.e. the legs are appressed to the body and the animal “freezes” for up to several minutes. One of us (WRE) has 
observed this same behavior in the related species, Phalangodes armata, in Mammoth Cave, Kentucky. This suggests that 
the behavior may be common throughout the Phalangodidae. 
Bibliography: Anonymous (1979a, 1979b, 1979c); Arnold (1993); Briggs (1974a, 1974b, 1975, 1987, 1990, 1991); Brig¬ 
gs and Ubick (1981); Chapman (1993); Cooper (1978); Culver, Christman, Elliott, Hobbs, and Reddell (2000); Ehr (1981b); 
Elliott (1978, 1979b, 1981b, 1985, 2000b); Fiack (1978); Goodnight and Goodnight (1981); Graening (2011b); Hardaker 
(1998, 2003); Kury (2003); McConnell (1976, 1983); McEachem and Grady (1978); Martin, B. (1977); Martin, B.J. (1981); 
Rambla and Juberthie (1994); Rudolph (1979); Strong (1978); Ubick and Briggs (2002). 
Banksula rudolphi Briggs and Ubick (troglobite) 
Record: Amador Co.: Chrome Cave (type locality). 
Comment: This species has no retina and some individuals have no cornea. 
Bibliography: Briggs and Ubick (1981); Kury (2003); Rambla and Juberthie (1994); Ubick and Briggs (2002). 
Banksula tuolumne Briggs (troglobite) 
Records: Tuolumne Co.: Crystal Tuolumne Cave (type locality as “Crystal-Tuolumne Cave”). 
Comment: This species possesses a small cornea and depigmented retina. 
Bibliography: Briggs (1974); Culver, Christman, Elliott, Hobbs, and Reddell (2000); Goodnight and Goodnight (1981); 
Kury (2003); Rambla and Juberthie (1994); Ubick and Briggs (2002). 
Banksula tutankhamen Ubick and Briggs (troglobite) 
Record: Calaveras Co.: O’Neil’s Cave (King Tut Cave, type locality). 
Comment: This species has degenerate retina and cornea. 
Bibliography: Kury (2003); Ubick and Briggs (2002). 
Calicina sp. (troglophile) 
Records: Tulare Co.: Clough Cave; Overhang Cave. 
Bibliography: Krejca (2006); Shear, Taylor, Wynne, and Krejca (2009). 
Calicina n. sp. (troglophile) 
Records: Tulare Co.: Kaweah Cave; Lange Cave; Walk Softly Cave. 
Bibliography: Despain (2006); Krejca (2006). 
Calicina cloughensis (Briggs and Horn) (troglobite) 
Records: Tulare Co.: Clough Cave (type locality); Hidden Cave; Overhang Cave; Windy Pit. 
Comment: This species is eyeless and lives in total darkness. 
Bibliography: Briggs and Horn (1967); Despain (2003b); Ehr (1976); Goodnight and Goodnight (1981); Krejca (2006); 
Kury (2003); Rambla and Juberthie (1994); Ubick and Briggs (1989). 
Calicina digita (Briggs and Horn) (troglophile) 
Records: Fresno Co.: Saturday Cave. Tulare Co.: Bear Den Cave; Hurricane Crawl Cave; Pet Cemetery Cave. 
Comment: This species has also been taken from the surface in Fresno, Mariposa, and Tulare counties. 
Bibliography: Krejca (2006); Kury (2003); Ubick and Briggs (1989). 
