ELLIOTT ET AL.: THE CAVE FAUNA OF CALIFORNIA 
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(1963a, 1963b); Halliday (1962); Johnson, V. (1990); Leissring and Rogers (2010); McEachem and Grady (1978); Orr, RC. 
(1951b); Rogers (2011b); Steiner (1989). 
Batrochoseps sp. 
Records: Calaveras Co.: Grapevine Gulch Cave. Santa Cruz Co.: Pogonip Cave. Tulare Co.: Carmoe Crevice Cave; 
*Harry’s Bend Cave; *Lost Soldier’s Cave; Stand Up Cave. 
Bibliography: Funkhouser (1950b); Krejca (2006). 
Batrochoseps attenuatus (Eschscholtz) (California slender salamander) 
Records: Calaveras Co.: Bobcat Cave; *Carlow’s Bat Cavern; Poison Oak Cave; Shaw’s Cave. Santa Cruz Co.: Stump 
Cave. Tulare Co.: caves in Sequoia National Park; * Salamander Cave. 
Comment: Two types of salamander were observed in Salamander Cave in 1949, but the cave was unstable and was sealed 
off. 
Bibliography: Danehy (1952); Briggs and Gpc (1975); Dearolf (1956); Eastman (2011); Funkhouser (1951); Halliday 
(1962); Krejca (2006); Martin, B. (1983); Reardon (1966). 
Batrochoseps relictus Brame and Murray 
Records: Fresno Co.: *Hummel’s Cave. Tulare Co.: Crystal 67 Cave. 
Comment: One specimen was collected in Crystal 67 Cave. This species ranges south from Mariposa to Kem counties. 
Bibliography: Brame and Murray (1968); Krejca (2006); Quick (1996, 1997b, 1998b). 
Ensatina eschscholtzi Gray (ensatina) 
Records: Amador Co.: *Lulu Bell Cave; Mushroom Cave; Violin Cave. Calaveras Co.: Cave City Cave; Cave of Skulls; 
Cave of the Catacombs; Heater Cave; Mercer Caverns; Wool Hollow Cave. Fresno Co.: Bear Den Cave; Maze Cave; 
Millerton Lake Cave System. Kern Co.: Harrington Cave. Mariposa Co.: Spider Cave; *Yosemite Falls Indian Cave. 
Monterey Co.: Willow Creek Cave. Napa Co.: Clay Cave. San Benito Co.: Balconies Cave. San Diego Co.: Eagle Lode 
Mine. Santa Cruz Co.: Bat Cave; Dolloff Cave; Empire Cave; Steams Cave; Stump Cave. Shasta Co.: Ancient Palace 
Cave. Tehama Co.: *Inskip Cave. Tulare Co.: *Bear Den Cave; *Carmoe Crevice Cave; Clough Cave; Crystal Sequoia 
Cave; Kaweah Monkeyflower Cave; *Lange Cave; Lilbum Cave; Lost Soldier’s Cave; *May’s Cave; Moorehouse Springs 
Cave; Paradise Cave; Sequoia National Park Mine (probably); Wiessraum Cave. Tuolumne Co.: McLean’s Cave; Windel- 
er Cave. Ventura Co.: Clear Springs Cave. 
Comment: This salamander is quite variable in coloration and has several subspecies. The subspecies E. e. platensis (“Sier¬ 
ra Nevada,” brown above with orange spots) was reported from caves in Mariposa and Tulare counties and E. e. xanthop- 
tica (“Yellow-eyed,” brownish orange above, belly orange, yellow eye patch) from caves in the Mother Lode Region. The 
latter suspecies was collected in Cave of Skulls in 1853 by Isaac W. Baker (Danehy, 1952). The record of a “black and 
orange salamander” observed in 1971 by D. Quick, is probably E. e. platensis. Reardon’s (1966) report of E. e. croceator 
from Tulare County caves may be a misidentification, since that subspecies is reportedly limited to Kem County (Behler 
and King, 1979). The Clear Springs Cave record (probably E. e. eschscholti ) is from Chris Royce (D. Quick, pers. comm.). 
Stebbins (1949, 1954) reported the latter subspecies from “Sequoia Mine” in “Barber County” (there is no such county in 
California). We have provisionally placed that record in Sequoia National Park Mine, Tulare County, as the closest match 
to the name. Stebbins also reported E. e. klauberi from Eagle Lode Mine, San Diego County. In cold or dry weather the 
species retreats into caves, animal burrows, and crevices among rotted roots and logs. 
Bibliography: Behler and King (1979); Bradford (2005); Briggs and Gpc (1975); Briggs and Ubick (1988); Campbell and 
Juarez (1979); Danehy (1952); Dearolf (1956); Despain (1994); Funkhouser (1949, 1950a, 1950b); Furuyama (1996); Gra¬ 
ham (1963a); Healey (1991b); Hunter (2011b); Johnson, V. (1990); Kirschman (2003); Krejca (2006); Leissring (2001c); 
McDonald (2005); McLellan (1951); Mendoza (1981); Reardon (1966); Rogers (2003, 2005e, 2013b); Shear and Krejca 
(2007); Stebbins (1949, 1954); Weaver (2008); Zara Environmental (2009). 
Hydromantes brunus Gorman (limestone salamander) (trogloxene) 
Record: Mariposa Co.: unspecified caves. 
Comment: This species is known only from limestone crevices and talus in Mariposa County. This is the only genus of 
salamander found in both the New and Old Worlds, although some researchers consider the European populations to belong 
to a separate genus ( Speleomantes ). 
Bibliography: Johnson, V. (1990); Stebbins (1972). 
