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PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
Series 4, Volume 64, Supplement 1 
ORDER RODENTIA (rodents) 
Undetermined 
Records: Calaveras Co.: *Mercer Caverns. Fresno Co.: *Church Cave; *Millerton Lake Cave System (decomposing car¬ 
casses). Humboldt Co.: *large earth crack just north of Trinidad (dead). Inyo Co.: *Defense Cave; *Gneiss Cave (scat). 
Kern Co.: *Bodfish Cave; *Popcom Pit. San Bernardino Co.: *Bat Cave (scat); *Owl Canyon Cave; *Rainbow Cave; 
*Scaturd Cave; *Striped Waterfall Hole (scat). San Diego Co.: *Rat Cave. Shasta Co.: Christmas Tree Cave; Elisha Cave; 
Mad Hatter Cave; Rusty Cave. Siskiyou Co.: Big Ice Cave; *Forrest’s Cave (scat); *Skunk’s Tail Cave (scat). Tulare Co.: 
*Cat Leg Cave (scat); *Clough Cave; *Pet Cemetery Cave; *Speas View Shelter (scat); *Windy Pit. 
Bibliography: Anonymous (1983); Broeckel, B. (2011e); Bunnell and Vesely (1984); Graening (2010); Hackman (1949); 
Halliday (1962, 2008); Halliday and Ek (2009); Kuo (2008); Krejca (2006); Quick (1983, 1991, 2003); LaForge (1976); 
Sundquist (2011); Szukalski (1998b, 2000b, 2008a, 2008b, 2011). 
Family Aplodontidae (mountain beaver) 
Aplodontia sp. 
Record: Siskiyou Co.: Urin Heaven Cave. 
Family Cricetidae 
Neotoma sp. (woodrats) (trogloxene) 
Records: Amador Co.: *Fem Frond Cave (nests); *Lulu Bell Cave; *Masonic Cave (evidence); *Mushroom Cave; *Rat 
Condo Cave; *Santa Claus Cave. Calaveras Co.: *Cave City Cave; *Gastropod Cave; *Grapevine Gulch Cave; *Keith’s 
Chasm; *Porcupine Cave; *Scat Cave; *Wool Hollow Cave (nests). Contra Costa Co.: *rockshelters on Carquinez Strait 
shoreline. Fresno Co.: *artificial feature near Darwin; *Bat Cave; *Boyden Cave; *Church Cave; *Maze Cave; *Millerton 
Lake Cave System; *Rat Turd Cave; *Windy Cliff Cave. Inyo Co.: *ARC No. 1; ARC No. 2; *Crack-’n-Mound Cave; 
*Defense Cave; *Dirty Crack Cave; *Fumace Cave; *Keane Travertine Cave; *Mountain Springs Cave; *No Snakes Cave; 
*Shoshone Turk Cave; *Sponge Cave; *Titus Canyon Cave; *Wallboard Cave. Kern Co.: *Harrington Cave. Lassen Co.: 
*Packrat Cave. Modoc Co.: *Damon’s Cave (nest). Napa Co.: *Clay Cave (scat). Plumas Co.: Juniper Cave (nests). San 
Benito Co.: *Balconies Cave; *Bear Gulch Cave. San Bernardino Co.: *“cave in mine on west side of Kokoweef Peak” 
(dead); *Afton Canyon Caves; *B Cave; *BoxFlap Shelter; *C10 Cave; *Arch Cave (amberat); *Cactus Cave (nest); *Cat 
House Cave (amberat); *Cima Cave; *Clark Mountain Cave; *Classroom Cave; *Dusty Cave; *Egg Cave; *Glove Cave; 
*Green Canyon Mine; *Lost and Found Cave; *Papoose Cave; *Peggy 5 Cave; *Prick Me Cave (midden); *Prickling Cave 
(midden);*Rat’s Nest (scat/midden); *Room With A View (midden); *Slot Cave; *Stark Shelter (scat/midden); *Toni 
Rowe’s Cave; *Tuckered Cave (scat); *Wind Breaker Crack (middens). San Diego Co.: *Midnight Creek Cave. Santa 
Clara Co.: * Joaquin Murrieta’s Cave. Santa Cruz Co.: *unnamed cave near Davenport; *Bat Cave; *Coral Grotto; 
* Empire Cave (nest); *Stump Cave. Shasta Co.: *Ancient Palace Cave; *Animal Den (nest); *Cascadia Cave; *Casel Lava 
Tube (scat and nests); *Cinder Pit Cave (nest); Dead Wood Cave; *Discovery 1 Cave (dead); *Ebb & Flo Cave (nest); 
*Enchanted Chimney Cave (nest); *Folded Cave (nest); *Glazier Cavern (nests); *Hole-of-the-Bear; *Jay Feather Cave 
(midden); *Mad Hatter Cave (nest); *Millipede Cave (nest); *Nine Lives Cave (nests); *North Christmas Tree Cave; *Pack- 
rat Cave (nest); *Pecan Cave (nest); *Pinchbug Cave (nest); *Potter Creek Cave; *Rusty Cave; *Sandman Cave (nest); 
*Subway Cave (nest); *Sweet Sinkers. Sierra Co.: *Avalanche Cave. Siskiyou Co.: *two-entrance cave at Gazelle (nest); 
* Adam’s Homestead Cave; *Alarming Extension; *aMazing Cave (nest); *Angleworm/Lost Pinnacle Cave (nest); * Apogee 
Cave; *Arch Cave No. 1 (nest); *Arch Cave No. 2; *Bear Tooth Pit (nest); *Beebowl Cave (scat); *Beetle Cave (nests); 
*Blowing Hole Cave (nest); *Caldwell Ice Caves (nest); *Catacombs Cave (nest); *Checkout Cave (midden); *Cold Water 
Cave (midden); *Cox Ice Cave (nest); *Craig Cave; Despoiled Cave No. 1 and 2; *Dock Yock Cave (nest); * Duffy’s Well; 
*Easy Street Cave (scat) *Elderberry Cave (nest); *Fem Cave; *Flat Rat Cave; *Flush Cave (scat); *Fossil Cave; *Freudi- 
an Complex (nests); *Glacier Cavern; *Go Worm Cave (sign); *Harris Mountain Cave; * Hercules’ Leg/Juniper Cave Lava 
Tube System (nest); *Hopkins Chocolate Cave (nest); *Incline Cavern; *Jack Jones Ice Cave; *Jibili Cave (scat); *Just a 
Room Cave (nest); *Labyrinth Cave System; *Lost Glove Cave (midden); *Low Blow Cave (nest); *Maze Cave (scat); 
*Merrill Ice Cave; *Monkeyface Cave (midden); *Planetary Dairy Cave; *Pluto’s Cave (evidence); *Pool Parlor Cave 
(nest); *Rat Cave (nest); *Rat Castle Cave (midden); *Red Tape Cave; *Rollercoaster Cave (scat); *Rollerdrome (nests); 
* Skull Ice Cave; * Skunk Hollow Cave; * Spider Cave; * Stiletto Cave; * Stinking Cave (nest); * Sugar Pine Butte Ice Cave; 
*Two Hammer Hole; *Uncle Fester’s Cave (nest); *Upper Heppe Cave; *Water Caves Complex Cave (midden); *Wolfe 
Den (nest); *Yellow Tuber Cave (midden). Trinity Co.: *Paul Gibson Cave. Tulare Co.: *Cirque Cave; *Deep Creek Cave; 
*Flowstone Wall Pit; *Harry’s Bend Cave; *Hidden Cave; *Overhang Cave; *Popcom Pit (scat); *Rattlesnake Cave; *Sel- 
dom Seen Cave; *Upper Bryant Cave; *Ursa Minor Cave; *White Chief Cave. Ventura Co.: *Clear Springs Cave. 
Comment: With the exception of Rat Cave, a littoral cave in San Diego County, all records of rats are presumed to belong 
to Neotoma, and most are probably N. cinerea. Mineralized urine, termed “amberat,” has been observed in many caves. 
Packrats may deposit urine trails in caves and use them to find their way in the dark by smell. Amberat deposits may range 
in color from clear yellow through brown and red to black. Spontaneously combusted amberat has left gray ash on floors 
