ELLIOTT ET AL.: THE CAVE FAUNA OF CALIFORNIA 
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and ceiling soot containing minerals which only form at high temperature in at least one cave (Briggs and Gpc, 1975). 
Bibliography: Anonymous (1958, 1982, 1998a, 1999b, 1999e, 2009); Bradford (2005); Baumann (2011); Briggs and GPC 
(1975); Broeckel, B. (1990, 1991b, 1994a, 1994b, 1998b, 1999a, 2000a, 2000b, 2000c; 2000d, 2001b, 2001c, 2001g, 2006a, 
2006b, 2007b, 2008c, 2010b, 2011d, 2012c, 2012g); Carlon (2014); Chlor (2005); Damon (1963b); Given (1956); Graen- 
ing (2010, 2011c); Graham (1963b); Harper (1982a, 1986); Harter (1990); Hildebrand (1991); Howells and Milboume 
(1970); Jackson, G.F. 1965); Jorgensen (2013); Kisling (1994); Koehn (1995); Krejca (2006); Lange (1954); Larson (1990); 
Leissring (2001b); Logan (1998); McDonald (2009); McEachem and Grady (1978); McLane (1963); Miller, B. (2008); 
Miller, R. (1987b); Miller and Wolff (1989); Moore, G.W. (1964); Quick (2001a); Rogers (1983b, 1990a, 1988, 1999b, 
1999e, 2000d); Rogers and Rice (1991, 2000); Russo (1996); Sharp (1990, 2000a, 2008, 2009); Sinclair (1904); Sowers 
(1990b); Sundquist (1993, 1994); Szukalski (2005a, 2005b, 2009); Taylor and Krejca (2006); Taylor, Krejca, and Jacoby 
(2006); Tinney (2013); Wolff, J. (1985a, 1990a, 2001); Wolff, L. (1990b, 1991a, 1997c, 1998c, 1999c, 2000b, 2001b, 
2002b, 2003d, 2004a, 2004b, 2004c, 2006, 2008b, 2009a, 2011a, 2011b, 2011c, 2012a, 2012b); Wolff and Wolff (1992, 
2001); Zacharda and Elliott (1985). 
Neotoma cinerea (Ord) (bushy-tailed woodrat) (trogloxene) 
Records: Siskiyou Co.: Bighorn Cave; Blue Grotto; Catacombs Cave; Crystal Ice Cave; Hercules’ Leg/Juniper Cave Lava 
Tube System; Labyrinth Cave System; Lava Brook Cave; Marble Gap Cave; Mushpot Cave; Planetary Dairy Cave; Sen¬ 
tinel Cave; Sunshine Cave; Tichnor Cave/Bertha’s Cupboard Cave; Thunderbolt Cave; Upstairs-Downstairs Cave; Valen¬ 
tine Cave. 
Comment: Stark and Kinney (1969) and Nelson and Smith (1976) studied the effects of a plague epizootic on the Lava 
Beds packrats. Numerous fleas, mites, and insect larvae were collected from the nests of this species. Nest materials have 
also been observed in Trail Junction Cave, Marble Mountains. Suggett (1982) reported the subspecies N. C. pulla Hooper 
from the Marble Mountains caves and noted that den sites were virtually islands for invertebrate populations. Den sites are 
often abandoned, perhaps because of plague. Suggett also noted a regression of moonmilk deposits in the Creamery and den 
site sections of Planetary Dairy Cave after the den site was abandoned. 
Bibliography: Graham (1962c, 1963a); Hemphill and Suggett (1978); Johnson, V. (1990); Murray and Barnes (1969); Nel¬ 
son and Smith (1976); Stark and Kinney (1969); Suggett (1982). 
Neotoma fuscipes Baird (dusky-footed woodrat) (trogloxene) 
Records: Calaveras Co.: Barren Cave; Bobcat Cave; Cave of Skulls. Inyo Co.: Lower Shoshone Cave; Upper Shoshone 
Cave (carcasses). Mariposa Co.: Bower Cave. Monterey Co.: *Willow Creek Cave. Siskiyou Co.: caves 18 km northeast 
of Weed. Tulare Co.: Crystal Sequoia Cave. 
Comment: Staphylinid beetles often are found near nests (Graham, 1963b). In northeastern California this species overlaps 
the range of N. cinerea, but typically N. fuscipes builds lodges among thickets while N. cinerea nests in rock crevices and 
caves (Murray and Barnes, 1969). 
Bibliography: Briggs and Gpc (1975); Despain (1994); Johnson, V. (1990); McFarlane (1990); Graham (1963b, 1969c); 
Hall and Kelson (1959); Krejca (2006); McFarlane (1990); Murray and Barnes (1969); Oberhansley (1946); Reardon 
(1966); Rogers (2005e); Sherwood (1957a); Sinclair (1904). 
Neotoma lepida Thomas (desert woodrat) 
Records: Inyo Co.: Poleta Cave. San Bernardino Co.: Mitchell Caverns; Newberry Cave (middens). San Luis Obispo 
Co.: sandstone cave on NW edge of Carrizo Plain. 
Bibliography: Aalbu (1990); Aalbu and Andrews (1985); Aalbu, Smith, and Triplehom (2012); Davis and Smith (1981); 
McDonald (2002); Orr, R.T. (1954); Peck and Gnaspini (1997). 
Peromyscus sp. (trogloxene) 
Records: Calaveras Co.: *Carlow’s Cave (dead). Fresno Co.: *Millerton Lake Cave System. Mariposa Co.: *Bower 
Cave. Modoc Co.: *Cracker Cave. Riverside Co.: *Cahuilla Creek Caves. San Bernardino Co.: *C10 Cave; *King Kong 
Cave; *Medicine Cave ; *Scaturd Cave. Shasta Co.: * Discovery 1 Cave. Siskiyou Co.: * Angleworm/Lost Pinnacle Cave 
(scat); *Arch Cave No. 2 (scat); *Catacombs Cave; *Cox Ice Cave; *Fem Cave (scat) *Hanging Ledges Cave (nest); 
*Incline Cavern (scat); *Merrill Ice Cave (scat); *Mushpot Cave (scat); *Spider Cave (scat); *Upper Heppe Cave; *Valen- 
tine Cave (scat); *Wolfe Den (dead). Santa Cruz Co.: *IXL Cave. Tulare Co.: *Crystal Sequoia Cave; *House Cave; 
*Lost Soldier’s Cave (dead); *Ursa Minor Cave. Tuolumne Co.: *Crystal Palace (dead). Ventura Co.: *Clear Springs 
Cave. 
Comment: All records of mice are presumed to belong to Peromyscus. 
Bibliography: Broeckel, B. (2011c); Brown (1998); di Falco (1989); Dunn (2009); Gale (1959); Graham (1969c); Harg¬ 
reaves (2012, 2013); Kirschman (2003); Lee, R. (2001b); Moore, M. (1986); Oberhansley (1946); Quick (1972a, 1980a); 
