ELLIOTT ET AL.: THE CAVE FAUNA OF CALIFORNIA 
281 
etary Dairy Cave; *Pluto Lava Flow Cave No. 1; Pluto Lava Flow Cave No. 2; Pluto Lava Flow Cave No. 3; *Pluto Lava 
Flow Cave No. 4; *Pluto Lava Flow Cave No. 5; *Pluto Lava Flow Cave No. 6; *Pluto’s Cave; *Pool Parlor Cave; *Post 
Office Cave; *Rollercoaster Cave; *Rollerdrome (Rollerdrome Cave); *Sentinel Cave; *Skull Ice Cave; *Snake Pit; *Spi- 
der Cave; *Thunderbolt Cave; *Teeter Rock Cave; *Tichnor Cave/Bertha’s Cupboard Cave; *Trail Junction Cave; 
*Upstairs-Downstairs Cave; *Valentine Cave; *Yellowjacket Ice Cave. Tehama Co.: *Inskip Cave. Trinity Co.: *Butter 
Creek Cave; *Forest Glen Caves; *Hall City Cave; *Hayfork Cave No. 2; Hayfork Cave No. 2; *Hyampom Cave No. 2; 
*Indian Creek Mine No. 1; * Indian Creek Mine No. 2; *Indian Valley Creek Cave; Shasta-Trinity National Forest Cave No. 
1; * Shasta-Trinity National Forest Cave No. 2; Shasta-Trinity National Forest Cave No. 3; Shasta-Trinity National Forest 
Cave No. 4; *Trinity Natural Bridge and Cave; *Tunnel Rock Campground Mine; *Venicia Mine No. 1; *Venicia Mine No. 
2. Tulare Co.: *Clough Cave; *Crystal Sequoia Cave; *Dehydrated Cave; Eclipse Mine; *Flowstone Wall Pit; *Hidden 
Cave; *Kaweah Cave (bat sign); *Lost Soldier’s Cave; *Packsaddle Cave; *Palmer Cave; *Walk Softly Cave (guano). 
Tuolumne Co.: *unnamed mine near Stampmill (guano); *Crystal Butterfly Cave; *Crystal Palace; *Devils Gate Adit No. 
2; *Ellen Minton Mine No. 1 (guano); *Ellen Minton Mine No. 2; *Eye of the Alligator Cave; *Gate Pit Cave; *Indian 
Quarry Cave No. 1; *Lower N Mt. Prospect No. 3; * Lower N Mt. Tunnel No. 1; *Lower N Mt. Tunnel No. 2; *Lower N 
Mt. Tunnel No. 4; Mt. Lily Mine No. 1 (guano); *Pinnacle Point Cave; *Porcupine Cave; *Riverbend Mine No. 1 (guano); 
*Sarbo Mine (guano); *Snell’s Cave; *Crystal Tuolumne Cave. 
Comment: Corynorhinus townsendii (Cooper, 1837), common name Townsend’s big-eared bat, has several subspecies, two 
in California: C. t. townsendii, western big-eared bat or Pacific Townsend’s big-eared bat, and C. t. pallescens, pale 
Townsend’s big-eared bat. The subspecies C. t. intermedius was synonymized with C. t. pallescens. Townsend’s big-eared 
bat is by far the most commonly reported bat in California’s caves and mines, and it is recognizable with its very large ears, 
which are usually rolled up during hibernation. This bat rarely forms large colonies, and it hibernates primarily in caves or 
mines, and sometimes roosts in buildings. Few of the recorded field identifications noted the subspecies, and we lump the 
two subspecies: C. t. townsendii in most of northern California and C. t. pallescens in the deserts. Thirty-nine Inyo County 
records were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey (2016b). 
Bibliography: Anonymous (1963, 1986b, 1987c, 1989b, 1990d, 1990f, 1991a, 1997a, 2007, 2008a, 2008b, 2014, 2015); 
Bosted (1994d); Briggs and Gpc (1975); Briggs andUbick (1988); Broeckel, B. (1995, 1996b, 1997, 2001a, 2001c, 2004b, 
2010f); Broeckel, J. (2000); Broeckel and Wolff (2001); Christianson and Coambs (1970); Dalquest (1947); Damon 
(1963b); Danehy (1952); Davies (2015); Dearolf (1956); Eastman (2011); Ellison, O’Shea, Bogan, Everett, and Schneider 
(2003); Fan (2010a); Fesnock (2003); Fitzwater (1984a, 1984b); Fryer and Despain (2005); Gilleland (2010); Graening 
(2010, 2011c); Graham (1966b); Grinnell (1914, 1918); Grinnell and Swarth (1913); Hackman (1949); Halliday (1955, 
1961a, 1962); Halliday and Hedlund (1960); Handley (1959); Hargreaves (2004a); Heusler (1996); Hildebrand and Marin 
(1990); Hitchings (2014); Horn, J. (1988); Howell (1920); Irminger (1994); Jackson, M. (2003a, 2004); Johnson, S. (2008); 
Johnson, V. (1990); Johnson, Bryant, and Miller (1948); Keller (2008a); Kirschman (2003); Krejca (2006); Krutszch (1946, 
1948); Kunz and Martin (1983); Lankford (1991b); Leissring and Rogers (2010); McEachem and Grady (1978); McGahey 
(1991); Marcot (1984); Miller, R. (1988a, 1988b, 1988c, 1989, 1992a); Miller and Wolff (1988, 2000); Mitchell (1956); 
National Park Service (2004); Oberhansley (1946); Pearson, Koford, and Parson (1952); Perkins (1991); Pierson (1986, 
1989, 1990); Pierson and Fellers (1998); Pierson and Rainey (1986, 1994); Radovsky (1967); Reardon (1966); Reel (1990); 
Rimmer (1993); Roark (1971b); Robinson (2004b); Rogers (1983a; 1988, 1990b; 1991a, 1991d; 1994a, 1998, 1999a; 
1999b, 1999d, 2000a, 2004a, 2005a; 2005b, 2005d, 2005f, 2010a; 2010b, 2013a); Rogers and Helton (2009); Rogers, Hel¬ 
ton, and McDonald (2009a, 2009b); Rogers, Frantz, Despain, and Portillo (2003); Rogers, Leissring, McDonald, Steiger, 
and Helton (2009); Rogers, Pierson, Gardner, and Hilton (2009); Rogers, Pierson, Woodward, Rainey, Rice, and Gardner 
(1990, 2000); Rogers and Rice (1991, 2000); Sharp (2008, 2009); Sherwin, Stricklan, and Rogers (2000); Sinclair (1904); 
Snyder (2003, 2005a, 2013); Sowers (1991, 1999, 2000); Stager (1939); Steiger (2007); Suggett (1982); Szewczak, Szew- 
czak, Morrison, and Hall (1998); Szukalski (2004b); Taylor (1919); Taylor and Krejca (2006); Tobin and Thomas (2010); 
U.S. Geological Survey (2016b); Weaver (2009c); Wolff, J. (1990b, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2001); Wolff, L. (1985a; 1988, 
1989a; 1997b, 1999c, 2000c, 2002a, 2003a, 2003c); Wolff and Miller (n.d.); Wolff and Wolff (1990, 1992, 1999c, 2000, 
2001); Yoder (2003). 
Eptesicus fiuscus (Palisot de Beauvois) (big brown bat) (trogloxene) 
Records: Inyo Co.: mine, White Mountains. Mariposa Co.: *Bower Cave; *Metzner Mine No. 1 (guano); *Metzner Mine 
No. 4 (guano). San Diego Co.: rock crevice 1.5 N of Barrett Junction; Boulder Creek Mine, Barrett Junction; unnamed mine 
at Boulder Creek. Shasta Co.: Potter Creek Cave. Siskiyou Co.: *Upstairs-Downstairs Cave. Tulare Co.: Crystal Sequoia 
Cave. Tuolumne Co.: *Lower N Mt. Tunnel No. 1; *Lower N Mt. Tunnel No. 4; McLean’s Cave. 
Comment: Suggett (1982) reported the subspecies E.f bernardinus Rhoads in Upstairs-Downstairs Cave. Most summer 
roosts are attics, bams, bridges or other man-made structures; they move into caves, mines and other underground struc¬ 
tures to hibernate only during the coldest weather conditions. 
Bibliography: Danehy (1952); Despain (1994); Grinnell (1918); Johnson, V. (1990); Krutzsch (1946, 1955b); McEachem 
and Grady (1978); Suggett (1982); U.S. Geological Survey (2016b). 
