TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 
91 
ind SE. direction, accompanied by extraordinary metamorphism occasioned by tho 
inimaon of granites, porphyries, and other eruptive agents. 
Sir R. I. Murchison exhibited a slab of Old Red Sandstone, sent by his old friend 
«id coadjutor the Rev. T. T. Lewis, the chief contributor to the elucidation of Siluria, 
*ho bad lately discovered rippled surfaces and trails of animals in the Old Red 
'h'drione of Puddlestone, near Leominster. The tracks were of two kinds, one act 
f'rtups produced by a mollusc, the other by a crustacean. 
On the Structure of Lunar Volcanic Craters. 
By James Nasmyth, F.B.A.S. 
’oleano Copernicus 
with central cones 
Ibu communication was illustrated by a model of the lunar vc 
*' *' l ?P a [" Sijnpelius; each of which consists of a plateau, w Ul .v» 
untied bv a ring-shaped elevation, exhibiting concentric ridges or terraces. 
.i'J7 ari '™ nswere su PP 08C d to have been formed by the ncrnmulBtion of 
^ tu utivi* uccii h»I iiit ti u> inf ummiuiiuiou oi 
1 • = reat ener gy to various distances, according to the intensity <>f 
”,L ?l ™° r,se t0 concer ‘tric ridges, or terraces of deposition, which arc often 
W nh ,!™ 3 ’ on V V ! thiu odie r. Besides these, there are other terraces, 
<H? of . c,rcl ? 9 » within the principal rings, which were attributed to 
’’ iin v T S: , t iese in most instances correspond to notches in the edge of 
' * • -i > the which they have slipped, and thrir dehris has rolled over the plateau, 
*a i-niptive action" centr£d cone W!W attributed to the laHt expiring efforts of 
Vt - ^'a^vth7nlr n Wll,C - > follmved tllQ fading of his paper on the above subject, 
^''Wi^rr„77 atn ' 1 - 7 7 “very long course of most 
^ ,h «t no active 1 V aturc . reflection thereon, that he is convinced and satis- 
' ;" illtr * volcanic upiiJ , UCtI ?? f ,JCWts 11 u "' on ,he surfrt < ; <' of the moon; that he 
7 ; ^ 1 stirfuceof a ,,h 'P through sad con- 
' ^ nil pianos ii .ilL f 8 ° m< ; P or £°? of t,n ' )' ot remaining molten matter 
'’’ n ii oily nhont ■ nd ?°fi mal c < . ond,tion consisted ; that ns the nu» of the 
condition is in thn , i 7 SUtdl mames planets cool down from an original 
'n must have become _ U , Vfi . rat, o of their mass divided by their surface, the 
t ?' a "* h* active t'Scaido e \ and '' onst,1,,| nted planet ages sooner than the 
. ;, ;r '‘ a5( >ns he considers vol^ ' 8V ° lerrn,nalod F^portionably sooner; that for 
O' 10 of time all acti 5 t,1C ndum as an expiring phenomenon, and that in 
' lon g »itice done in themooii" 0 ™ W ‘ cuase ou t,)c earth, as he is satisfied they 
CttZ !Zl °{ thC PalfEozoic Rocks °f Scotland. By D. Page. 
I -«the «o| () 1V8e stl ‘ata, and the frl*..!'! ! U, l? ct . orm,uod »«pwposiUon and 
c *¥ rouks °f Scotland seem^ k ? of suc 1 £dlw810n « m published works as, 
^'"•IviSVf^ntferous system B m bl '’ 0l 1 ,K t0 ‘l"' L ° Wor Sil,nian ;" “'I'" old red 
^WcroL 1 rock ”‘7 each uUur ;” a 'id more 
II fiotn their® tl,ou eht. must arise ,.in ° r s ‘ °t-l«ml admit of no subdivision." Such 
■'' tU to the only with tl7 ? I’l-' t' 0 1 ” ut0 ‘ l observations of the writers, 
l ^ taken ' d twe,lfc y or thirtv \mnr V ''V -^notions of Scottish rocks, n * 
;" lfn «mui 7 "V™ the ScottishC T‘ ,n '«** directed attention to several 
u ^ 1 , et l . he 8 °Uth, he pasaedwwfc 1 ^ (Jr ? m l ,itms 0T » «« north to the 
determined Si T’l * ate * an , d old ? re )'wackc grits, 
.in 
ri u,d 
L 0U P 3 . which in . 1 ° ld , red sandstone, as thuf h i h ‘ lher ‘° c,ossed with the 
h « ln the absence of bet C£Z ?¥*«•*«* three 
terms, he would designate, •• Lower or 
