112 
REPORT—1854. 
There was not any other character than those founded upon the development* of 
bone for the attachment of muscles, which was known to be subject to change through 
the operation of external causes; nine-tenths therefore of the differences, especially 
those very striking ones manifested by the pelvis and pelvic extremities, which Prof. 
Owen had cited in his 'Memoirs on the Orangs and Chimpanzees,’ published in the 
Zoological Transactions, as distinguishing the great chimpanzee' from the human 
species, must stand in contravention of the hypothesis of transmutation and pmgrv'*- 
ive development, until the supporters of that hypothesis arc enabled to adduce the 
facts aud cases which demonstrate the conditions of the modifications of such 
characters. 
There was the same kind of difficulty in accounting for the distinctive character* 
of the d ifferent species of the orangs nod the chimpanzees, ns for those more marked 
distinctions, that remove both kinds of apes from man. And with regard to thr 
number of the known species, Prof. Owen remarked, it i* not without interest 
to observe, that as the generic forma of the Quiulruinanu nppronch the Himnimui 
order, they are represented by fewer species. The gibbons ( Ilylobatcs ) scarcely 
number more than half-a-dozen species ; the orangs (bithi-cun) have hut twospi'c"'*, 
or at most three; the chimpanzees (Troglodytes) arc represented by two species. 
ihe unity of the human species is demonstrated by the constancy of those 
osteological and dental characters to which the attention is more particularly 
irccted in the investigation of the corresponding characters in the* higher Quadra- 
mana. Man is the sole species of his genua—the sole representative of his order 
he has no nearer physical relations with the brute-kind than those which arise oat 
‘‘Unguiculat te,r,S ^ ^ to S Pt ^ e1 ' the great group of placental mammalia, called 
nail 1 , c " nc ! usion - the Professor briefly recounted the facts at present satisfactorily 
?r1 respectmg the antiquity of the Quudrumami and of man upon tin 
had be, n u Cnrl1 ' A ,ho tinu: '" f 'he demise of Cuvier, in 1*32. no evidence 
theseTn?. J ^ ° f fr,Sail Quad.umnna, and the Baron supposed that boll 
that*™ re B ? nrm wt ' re of very recent introduction. Soon after the low «» 
mana win “ n8 * r «ctor of extinct species, evidence with regard to the fossil Q ua ‘ .' 
Suffolk ini- ,,nd f ;° rn d ' ff, - ri ' nt quarters. In the oldest (eocene) tertiary deposit* < 
ex!lt^; ( , , P r nC '“ 4 ° f Juws and " ere found, that unerringly indicated the former 
sampdl? | a, f C !“ 01 raonke y the genua Macacnx [Macacu* eomra.v). Aboo thj 
SSSSaSI - ry dep05iU5 f,c ." n lhc Himalayantnountaias gave furthcrevidence"f 
found rr>m i A 3 ’ iLS ^ ra g'tH. and some other parts of the skeleton, having 
i 5 . ow ?£ f!l petnfied. ami referable to tl.o genus called SmMpilk**. wb^j 
remains nfi ^‘ p Asiatic Continent. Dr' Lund discovered in Brazil j 
in si 7e • tbe D ,| X h n ? f ,at 5 fr h inL> monkey, surpassing any known Cebus °r 
POcuHrer to South America. Lastly, in the « ^ 
proving that ntMA WU ° f ^ ranct! * Wi ‘* discovered a fragment of the • f. 
have existed lM !. riot ! 8<)tnc Species of the long-armed ape (//ytoMf*) 
sited layers of A* ^* s, l human remains have been found in the regularly 
Human bones i,"' °! ‘hr divisions (not even the pliocene) of the tertiary^ 
as deserted mi *** j CCn fou,,<1 * n doubtful positions, geologically canadereA 
t“nnSrund^l?| d / aV< ‘ ¥ ’ in the detritus 1 at the bottom of cliffs; brt g*£ 
doubted fosriU nf M d d *r ,ta » Participating in the mineral characters of jb 
concretps 5 r ‘‘A’ de P oait3 ‘ The petrified Negro skeletons in the calcaro- 
reference hraW Ua .v, a Up ° a,c of ^mpamtively recent origin- Thus, therefore.^ 
latest aa he is the human species, and to the fact of man ’ . - , 
of God’s Wort, h'fihest, of nil animal forms upon our planet, the mterp j 
°ool □giioela, "S' h *’ ■**«>'"> “> “» « T SS 
successive races of «„?’* ," ord ' ° f t,1c nature of the creative acts by * ^ 
know, that as the eviS." 1 ^* 7***- into bcin & we «6 noraut ' f R e Creator, 
so the modifications of tl? A Un ', ty °f ,,Ian testifies to the oneness of tb ® t hc 
beneficence of the dcigiwr ‘A <iiffL ' rPnt n “ >dea ?- f* Ztl Lent il 
prehensible nR n,l n . > r ‘ 1 h05e 3,ru cture3, moreover, which are at prese 
prfnd|}*c an<Ta^fni^ tl0DR *°- n 9 P ecia > ™d, are made comprehensible on ^ 
instances* where the p “ rp , 03e tS ?^“ led * n relation to human intelligence, • £bc 
instances where the analogy of humanly invented machines fails to exp** 
