TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 
131 
principal towns in other parts of the kingdom, was systematized for obtaining 
pttuniary support; the grossest intimidation was practised towards all who refused 
to join them, and work-people from other places who came to seek employment in 
Preston, were induced by bribery or threats to leave the town. The masters 
rjjj^quently offered to open their mills at the some rates of wages ns were paid 
Wore the commencement of the strike. In January 1854, other manufacturers, in 
wons parts of the country, came to the help of the Preston employers, und the 
Mistcra’ Defence Fund” was established. After various unsuccessful attempts at 
Nation, the strike came to an end in May 1854, the masters' terras being 
oahersally submitted to by the work-people. 
following statistics illustrate the leading questions involved in the contest, 
tint, to elucidate the general question of an employer’s ability to raise the wages 
,, bli "'^people, we give, in decimal proportions, the elements which enter into 
|.^J T0 ^ act ' on °f a single piece of cotton goods of the current manufacture of 
n “Q. and of the market value of eight shillings and fourpencc, or 100 pence :— 
Th' m atenal, cotton * with the waste of manufacture. 56 per cent. 
. or the use of mills and premises; the charges for wear 
°^- steam -engines, mill-shafting, machinery’, &c. ; the 
other 1 , ! n coa k f° r fuel, flour for sizing yam, oil, tallow, and 
with ( f n ? 0ID o 3 ■ travelling expenses, rates and taxes, together 
tnuJc K ln * erest on ca pital and the manufacturer’s profits on 
!lt labour Ccc °unt, or wages of operatives . 25 
This | • 100 
D rvnti V K sbQWS that an advance of 10 per cent, on the wages of the 
l] -Stem!,i!rl, nc . r , ease tlle COst of the above piece of goods from 100 to 102 1 . 
I per cent, to A* • market pHce for thc aam « fell from 100 to 95, adding 
^ ^ make un ' , clcnc y» anrl increasing the sum which the employer would 
^ of the io mo 111 °!;. er to lncet the demands of the operative to 7|. to be paid 
lu order i[i e K d f ? r rent : &c ’ 
Jtic h an advancp [ , '■;? eluc ' ( i at u the. ability or non-ability of the musters to give 
‘ n, l that thpir n ,!„, Ve WI up pose that a manufacturer employs 1000 work-people, 
■->», a-week T ^ earnin S H ' children und adults together, amount to from 10 s. 
*' w *d to each inrl- 61 - Cent ‘ on tbe ,ar 6 er su '« would give uu increase of Is. 6d. 
* *Hl su Ilpose 2™“* °J au aggregate of i'3900 a-year. Towards meeting this 
which rpmni n ma, ^turer to retrench .1’ 1 000 a-year in personal expenses, 
P° n a capital of i I'd ooi m,lkc u differcncc 0 f 2 1 percent, un the interest due 
*>» therefore , fff un a,i ™ n ? e of 10 P cr « cnt - on the wages of his work- 
u (Mowing flgureswiii pQya , b,u lnve9l ! nctlt of that targe amount of capital, 
.^"y carried on with f*? ow T, SUCial "nportance of the Preston trade, which 
,n this countiv 1. 1 “* quau i">' of tea imported and left for con- 
‘S 58.66o.ooo 185 f ,965,000 lbs. ; in 1852, 54,724,600 lbs. ; 
Lft 10 , 0 of the United KbS? 8 * u threC ycara - 55.849*,200 lbs.; or, the 
■'>!& two pbm«u Oi to ™ch 
l t2 ’' 92 ’ 4G °’ Towards this large sum we 
£ 'wko<JO, are gunnfiTl °n the V ‘ Uuc ? f P >500,000, two-thirds of 
Jutfe/J 1 ?* than a third of ♦hS ” *7 , r cstou, which therefore supplies con- 
5t ° A ’reekf Pfe8t °" maaufil cturer urnd!! 1 * 11 v° b °* ** Unitcd Kingdom with tea. 
^ l?' Ug tach P^ce rit a rS eS h, ?. 10 '° 00 P^ces of cloth a-week, and 
^Ption „f e J? Ulation of London 2 afifc t0 the , va V 1C of -^**1.000 
:t nd t a r ^k,To^“ Daa 4r' 
a!?thetea^h 2 L 3 con^m S ed a 
