O’SHEA, CRYAN & BOGAN: UNITED STATES BAT SPECIES OF CONCERN 
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during surveys. This species was only found in the Blue Ridge Mountain province of northern 
South Carolina, and ranked lowest in numbers of specimens (3) and sixth lowest in survey captures 
(41) among the 14 species documented. 
Kentucky and Missouri: Eastern small-footed myotis ranked low in relative abundance 
among bats captured at the mouth of Colossal Cavern at Mammoth Cave National Park in 
Kentucky during both spring staging and autumn swarming seasons in 2011-2014; the habitat at 
the study area is mixed oak-hickory and western mesophytic forest (Lacki et al., 2015). The species 
ranked fifth in relative abundance, with 19 (1.5%) captures among 1,232 bats of eight species taken 
in harp traps (Lacki et al., 2015). No eastern small-footed bats were captured in mist nets set over 
streams during summer at various sites across Missouri during 1977 and 1978, despite the docu¬ 
mentation of 1,028 individuals of 10 other species (LaVal and LaVal, 1980). 
Maryland and Pennsylvania: Only eight eastern small-footed myotis were captured in the 
Ridge and Valley physiographic provinces of the central Appalachians of Maryland, mostly in oak 
forests and at just three of 17 sites in 111 nights of netting during summers 1979-1981; in contrast, 
a total of 893 bats of four other, more abundant species were captured at all sites combined (Gates 
et al., 1984). At one of these sites bats were captured at a mine used as a night roost throughout 
summers 1999 and 2000: eastern small-footed myotis were lowest in relative abundance, with one 
(1.2%) captured among 81 bats of five species (Agosta et al., 2002). Thirty-one were captured 
among 2,860 bats of seven species (ranking fifth in relative abundance) in a more extensive sam¬ 
pling at night roosts during summers 1995 and 1996 at seven cave and mine sites in Maryland and 
western Pennsylvania (Agosta et al., 2005), including five of the same sites in Maryland as in the 
study by Gates et al. (1984). 
In Pennsylvania these bats were found in caves in hemlock forests (Tsuga canadensis ) at about 
600 meters elevation in the central part of the state (Mohr, 1936; Merritt, 1987). They were among 
the least abundant species captured in mist nets and harp traps set during summer at mouths of 
caves and mines used primarily as night roosts in the central Appalachian Mountains of Maryland 
and Pennsylvania (see above; Hall and Brenner, 1968; Gates et al., 1984; Agosta et al., 2002,2005). 
Hall and Brenner (1968) netted bats at the mouth of Aitkin Cave in Mifflin County in central Penn¬ 
sylvania, an area characterized by Appalachian oak forest of the Ridge and Valley physiographic 
province (Merritt, 1987). Sampling on 17 nights during 1964-1965 resulted in captures of just 
three (0.2%) individuals among 1,260 bats of five species; just two bats were found during winter 
hibernation (Hall and Brenner, 1968). 
New Hampshire: In Cheshire County, New Hampshire, capture rates in summer ranked sec¬ 
ond among seven species in an area that was known to be close to diurnal roosts (Moosman et al., 
2013) . The New Hampshire study area was located in mixed deciduous and coniferous forest and 
was sampled on 99 nights from 2005-2011 during the progression of white-nose syndrome through 
the northeastern states: capture rates of this species declined after the initial two years of sampling, 
consistent with an effect of the disease on bat mortality (Moosman et al., 2013). None were taken 
in mist-net surveys over water in the White Mountains National Forest of New Hampshire, where 
281 bats of six species were captured during 87 nights of netting at 18 sites (Sasse, 1995). 
New York: Eastern small-footed myotis were seldom detected in ultrasonic monitoring sur¬ 
veys of bat activity in northern hardwoods habitat, including sugar maple {Acer saccharum), Amer¬ 
ican beech, white ash {Fraxinus americana ), and American elm {Ulmus americana', but also 
including pine and hemlock forests and wetlands) at Fort Drum in New York during 2003-2010 
(Ford et al., 2011). This area had historical records of presence and nearby karst formations with 
likely roosting habitat. Subsequent ultrasonic monitoring at Fort Drum in 2011 and 2012 failed to 
detect them, perhaps indicating declines attributable to white-nose syndrome (Coleman et al., 
2014) . 
