O’SHEA, CRYAN & BOGAN: UNITED STATES BAT SPECIES OF CONCERN 
217 
access to these sites through use of bat-compatible gates, as summarized in the species account for 
the Townsend’s big-eared bat. Recommendations for conservation of roosting habitat for Allen’s 
big-eared bat are similar to those made for other cave-dwelling, snag-roosting, and cliff-roosting 
species. 
Acknowledgments 
This work grew out of conversations with John B. Bowles and staff at Bat Conservation Inter¬ 
national some 20 years ago during the beginnings of the short-lived National Biological 
Survey (Service) within the U.S. Department of Interior. The U.S. Geological Survey saw the 
continuing need for such a review and supported its completion. We thank Patty Stevens and 
Sharon Taylor for administrative support. Brian Reichert and Kenneth Geluso kindly reviewed the 
entire draft manuscript and provided many useful comments. Individual species accounts and sec¬ 
tions were expertly reviewed by Loren Ammerman, Anne Brooke, Carol Chambers, Michael Gan¬ 
non, Jeff Gore, Mark Hayes, Joseph Johnson, Susan Loeb, Lynda Loucks, Tony Mollhagen (two 
accounts), Paul Moosman, Dan Neubaum (two accounts), Brian Reichert, Melissa Siders, E. Apple 
Snider, Patty Stevens, Ernie Valdez (two accounts), Christa Weise, and Sandy Wolf. We are grate¬ 
ful for their many helpful remarks and suggestions. We thank J. Scott Altenbach for use of many 
of his fine photographic portraits of all the species of concern from the contiguous 48 states. Frida 
Fjellstrom and Michael Gannon (courtesy of the American Society of Mammalogists Mammal 
Images Library) provided photographs of the Samoan flying fox and red fruit bat. We thank Jack 
Dumbacher and Galen Rathbun for recommending consideration of this paper for publication by 
the California Academy of Sciences, and Dr. Alan Leviton who provided patient and skillful edit¬ 
ing. 
Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply 
endorsement by the U.S. Government. 
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