CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS 
Authors planning to submit papers for consideration for publication in the Academy’s Proceedings, Occasional Papers, or 
Memoir series must follow the directions given below in preparing their submissions. Under some circumstances, authors may not 
be able to comply with all the computer-based requirements for submission. Should this be the case, please contact the Editor or 
Associate Editor for guidance on how best to present the materials. 
The Scientific Publications Office of the Academy prepares all materials for publication using state-of-the-art, computer- 
assisted, page-description-language software. Final copy is sent to the printer for printing. The printer does not modify the files 
sent for printing. Therefore, it falls to the authors to check carefully page proof when it is returned for approval. Ordinarily, all 
communication with authors is done via email and galley and page proofs of manuscripts, including figures, are transmitted as 
attachments to email communications. Again, exceptions to this will be made in the event that an author is unable to communi¬ 
cate in this way. 
Authors are expected to provide digital copies of both manuscript text files and images, as well as a paper printout of their 
manuscript. Please note the following: 
Text: Text can be in Microsoft Word, as a Word document file, WordPerfect, also as a WP document file, or, best of all, as 
an “rtf’ (rich text format) file, which can be produced by most word processors. Authors who use non-standard fonts must include 
file copies of those fonts so that their symbols can be reproduced accurately. However, it is strongly recommended that the type 
style “New Times Roman” be used throughout and that the Symbols and Bookshelf Symbol 1 and 3 fonts be used for such items 
as d 1 , 9, ?, p, etc. Note, words must not be typed in all capital latters either in the text or bibliography; small caps are acceptable. 
Images: Images should be in either JPG (JPEG), or TIF (TIFF) format. Resolution for grayscale images should be at least 
600 ppi (1200 ppi if possible, especially for photomicrographs), and 300 ppi (600 ppi acceptable) for color. All images should be 
sized so that none exceeds a maximum print size of 5.5"x7.875" (140 mm x 200 mm). 
Tables: Our processing software allows for direct importation of tables. This reduces the chances for errors being introduced 
during the preparation of manuscripts for publication. However, in order to use this feature, tables must be prepared in Microsoft 
Excel or in Microsoft Word using Word’s table feature; do not prepare tables using tabs or space bars. Complex tables not pre¬ 
pared as described above will be returned to the author for revision. 
Digital files: IBM or MAC formatted disks will be accepted subject to the following conditions: (a) floppy disks must not 
exceed 1.4 mb and (b) zip disks, preferably IBM format, must not exceed lOOmb. Authors are encouraged to submit their digital 
files on CD-ROM (CD-R formatted disks NOT CD-RW) inasmuch as these can be read by nearly all CD-ROM drives. 
File naming protocols: To facilitate the handling of digital files submitted by authors, the following file-naming conven¬ 
tions are to be followed: text files should bear the author’s last name (in the case of multiple authors, only the first author’s name) 
followed by a space and a date in the format mmyy (e.g., 0603 for June 2003) to yield a file name such as Gosliner 0603.doc or 
Williams 0603.rtf. If an author has submitted two or more manuscripts and must distinguish between them, then the naming 
should include an additional numeral: Goslinerl 0603.doc for the first manuscript, Gosliner2 0603.doc (or .rtf) for the second. 
Figures should follow similar conventions, as follows: Gosliner FI 0603.tif, Gosliner F2 0603.tif, for figures in the first manu¬ 
script and, if more than one manuscript, then Goslinerl FI 0603.tif etc. for the figures associated with the first manuscript and 
Gosliner2 FI 0603.tif etc. for those with the second. Following these conventions will insure that figures submitted by one author 
are always maintained distinct from those submitted by another. Tables submitted as Excel files should follow the same naming 
conventions except the file type designation will be “.xls”: e.g., Gosliner T1 0603.xls. Please note that extraneous periods are 
omitted in file names. 
Bibliography format: Three bibliographic styles are accommodated in the Academy’s scientific publications, one com¬ 
monly used in scientific journals publishing papers in systematic and evolutionary biology, a second used mainly in the geologi¬ 
cal literature, and lastly, the format most commonly used in the humanities by historians of science. On request, the author will 
be sent a style sheet that includes samples of the three formats. Authors are also encouraged to examine a copy of the latest pub¬ 
lished Proceedings. In all instances, however, authors should not abbreviate journal names but spell them out completely. For 
books, the reference must include the publisher and city of publication. It is recommended that the total number of pages in the 
book also be given. 
SUBSCRIPTIONS/EXCHANGES 
The Proceedings series of the California Academy of Sciences is available by exchange or subscription. For information on 
exchanges, please contact the Academy Fibrarian via regular mail addressed to the Fibrarian, California Academy of Sciences, 
55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118 U.S.A. or via email addressed to 
rkim@calacademy.org. Subscription requests, including information on rates, should be addressed to Scientific Publications, 
California Academy of Sciences,55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118 U.S.A. or via email to 
the Editors at aleviton@calacademy.org or gwilliams@calacademy.org 
Subscription price for 2018: $75 (US) incloudes mailing to U.S. and Canadian addresses and $85 to all others. 
The Occasional Papers and Memoirs are not available by subscription. Each volume is priced separately. Occasional 
Papers, Memoirs, and individual issues of the Proceedings are available for purchase through the Academy’s Office of Scientific 
Publications. Visit us on the web at <http://research.calacademy.org/research/scipubs/>. 
COMMENTS 
Address editorial correspondence or requests for pricing information to the Editor, Scientific Publications Office, California 
Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118 U.S.A. or via email to the Edi- 
