* 
real and the artificial are both kept, and where 
every effort i8 made to palm off the latter 
upon consumers, inasmuch an it affords the 
more liberal profit. Then there are hundreds 
of large consumers, including hotels and restau¬ 
rants who have been supplied with this product 
direct from the manufacturers, and who have 
therefore been turned from the consumption 
of butter. In most cases these persons have been 
awaro of tho character of tho goods they were 
handling, and have been parties to the fraud. 
There are no means of proventing tho deception 
from being practiced by hotel and restaurant 
keepers upon their customers, though it is no 
more than fair that the public should be warned 
of the existence of the fraud that they may be 
on their guard against it—provided they have 
any objections to eating “ oleomargarine." The 
retailers, and all others who sell the product, 
come wilbin the provisions of tho statute, and 
are required to legibly and durably stamp, brand 
or label every package or piece of the artificial 
product — *■ oleomargarine- ' Many of them 
have complied technically with the law, but the 
stamp used has been so illegible as to really not 
expose the true character of the goods, and, 
therefore, not strictly fulfill the requirements of 
tho statute. The number of arrests and in¬ 
dictments has already been large, and hosts of 
convictions are soon promised by the attorney 
in charge of the suits. Those detections and 
prosecutions are carried on by the trade, through 
the organization above alluded to. which they 
denominate an organization for the protection of 
dairy products. A fund is being raised for car¬ 
rying out the objects specified, and as the bene¬ 
fits are to l>e enjoyed very largely by the pro¬ 
ducers, it will doubtless occur to many of them 
that they may, with propriety, contribute to the 
fuud, and lend their moral aid toward securing 
the protection sought by tho association, which 
involves tho passage in other States, of a law 
similar to Uie ono already in operation her e, re¬ 
ferring to oleomargarine. 
There is one class of violators which can be 
most effectually detected by the producers, aud 
that class is made up of dairymen who use oleo¬ 
margarine to mix with tbeir butter. If tho per¬ 
centage of foreign m&tt3r is not too great, this 
fraud is very difficult to detect where the 
product goes into consumption while fresh, and 
it is. therefore, the most dangerous and harmful 
of any violations of the law. Dailies and cream¬ 
eries using the artificial product might bo readily 
detected by watchful neighbors : and the pros¬ 
ecution or a few of them would 6erve to check 
the fraud at once, although I believe it has al¬ 
ready gained considerable headway. At any 
rate, there are many producers accused of adul¬ 
terating their butter aud it would be for 1 ho 
benefit of State butter-makers generally to have 
it understood that there was a vigilant watch 
kept by all honest dairymen upon those pro¬ 
ducers who showed any disposition to palm off 
on the public anything but the pure product of 
the daily. Much good has already been done 
here by beginning this prosecution ; but it 
would doubtless be only temporary if the vigi¬ 
lance of the authorities was allowed for a mo¬ 
ment to relax 
frost has made our orchard and garden a fairy 
land of the Frost King. A strange season for 
cold Canada. A - L ' J - 
I tho time, aud you the space and patience, I 
would like to give iny brother farmers my plan 
of housing and feeding stock, and keeping them 
thriving hero in our severe aud long winters. 
[For pruotie.il information of this kind ihtro will 
always bo room in the Rusal. — Eds ] We are 
having remarkable weather. The past two 
months it has ruined, snowed, frozen aud thawed 
alternately, keeping our roads very rough and, 
at times, nearly impassable for loads aud teams. 
At one time we even ventured to use our sleighs ; 
and now, to-day, ray boys are in tho field plow¬ 
ing with both teams, tho ground working splen¬ 
didly. I must forward this in haste, or I may 
have to chronicle a snow-storm. u. f. s. 
MUTTON FOR EXPORTATION 
GEORGE GARDNER 
It ib useless to try to deceive anyone with re¬ 
gard to the sheep which are generally slaught¬ 
ered in tho United States. Such mutton would 
not sell at all in England, and Americans are be¬ 
ginning to find out that they liko the common 
grade Cots wolds of Canada much better than Mer¬ 
ino grades, and a great many sheep pay the heavy 
taxes the United States put on the Canada live 
stock,having been purchased by Now York agents 
for the host first-class hotels and also for some of 
the private families on Fifth Avenue. 
It is not intended to run down Merinos for 
they are acclimated and will also bear neglect 
aDd hard times better than other breeds, but it is 
desired to recommend the crossing of Merino 
ewes with Cots wolds or other rams of mutton 
breeds, aud go on breeding with thorough-bred 
mutton rams, which will then briug into exis¬ 
tence a very fine quality of mutton aud good 
wool, both of which will ho salable in any market 
at top figures. 
The exportation of beef and mutton will do a 
great deal toward the improvement of meat, and 
very soon tho exhausted soils of the Eastern 
States will bo bought up for sheep walks—as 
also will he tho case, eveu to a greater extent, 
with all the South-Eastern States. Capitalists 
in this couutry are extraordinarily iguoraut of 
the extensive field now opened for speculation in 
real estate or they would take advantage of the 
present opportunity to possess themselves of the 
old cotton plantations, and thereon grow mutton 
and wool, for they could make ten times more by 
wool thsu by cotton and get all the mutton as a 
second and extra profit. 
I am positively certain if I had the control of 
a large tract of land that, without the aid of a 
single white man and without any assistance iu 
buying or selling, I could stock these deserted 
plantations with sheep and put them in charge 
of the negroes so as to have sheep husbandry 
established ou 49,00(1 acres, and in twenty years 
make more money than A. T. Stewart, Jacob 
Astou and tho Vanderbilts comhiued; for I 
would extend till millions would be made anuual- 
Iy. There would bo great advantage here over 
the English colony of Australia, yet there sheep 
are more numerous than in this much earlier 
settled country. 
Statistics have proved that in the South dur¬ 
ing tho last three years, wool has paid (30 per 
cent for growing, while cotton has not paid more 
than five to seven per cent, and then it must be 
recollected the sheep have been managed on 
suoh a poor, misorable system that double this 
amount of profit could be made by an on- 
lightened method of treatment, and mutton of 
the very heat quality sold annually, which would 
enhance profits far beyond anything the present 
western sheep owners have any idea of; mutton 
SCARLET FEVER 
DU GOODKNOUGH 
Chautauqua Co. x. Y., Dec. 25tb, istt. 
Thinking a few lines from this locality might 
not be amiss, I will pan a few for “ Everywhere” 
in which I am much interested. 
Tho weather here is warm and mild ; we have 
had but two slight falls of snow which did not 
lie long, and hut little frost. Farmers are en¬ 
gaged doing their spring plowing, and cutting 
wood. There is a strip of country through hero 
running south from Lake Erie, that is usually 
hloSiCd—or troubled—with very heavy snow-falls 
during the winter season. But from this place 
a person may travel iu any direction during the 
winter, fiom ten to fifteen miles, and find far 
loss snow. Perhaps this may bo one reason why 
we have such a fine apple country lmro. Indeed, 
we challenge the world to produce fruit liner in 
color and flavor, than that grown on these same 
gravelly lolls of old Chautauqua. Thousands of 
barrels were shipped from this place this fall, for 
which the farmers received from 81 75 to 82.00 
per barrel. But wheu you come to the raising 
of grain, there you have ns. Tnis is not a good 
grain couutry, but a dairy aud stock region. 
Butter-making is the chief moans of keeping the 
farmer from the poor-hottso. We are slowly im¬ 
proving our cows by the introduction of blooded 
bulls. Butter now brings 2(3 cents for choice 
fall unite. Tho farmer is fast doing away with 
the middlemen kero, by generally shipping his 
produce himself. Corn is worth 5Q&: oats, 25 s. 
potatoes, 40c.; ogga, 20c. par dozen. Goodmilch 
cows, 825 to $30 apiece. 
A Young Working Farmer. 
Carlton, Wls., Dec. 2-t. 
Tiie weather is the warmest this winter that 
was ever known hero. Generally, by this time 
the ground is frozen hard and the sleighing 
good. Now, there is not a particle of frost in 
the ground. It has rained almost incessantly 
for two weeks. The roads are almost impassa¬ 
ble. Hay is slow at $10 per ton ; wheat, $1 per 
bushel; potatoes, 50 cents; butter, 25 cents per 
pound. The buds of tho trees are swollen, aud 
in places the grass has started. Diphtheria 
has raged here for the last two mouths, aud in 
ono school district in this town (No. 1) there 
have been fifteen deathsin less than one month’s 
time. I clipped an articlo from tfic Rural 
on diphtheria, written by Dr. Goopenouou, aud 
had it published iu the County papers. The ad¬ 
vice ho gave was needed here, and it has resulted 
in doing much good. At present, it is abating 
somewhat, and we hope the worst is past. 
John A. Whitaker. 
CATALOGUES, Ac., RECEIVED 
"The Illustrated Annual Register of Rural 
Affairs and Cultivator Almanac for the year 1878 
—containing practical suggestions for the farmer 
and horticulturist, with nearly 140 engravings. 
By J. J. Thomas. Luther Tucker A Son., 395 
Broadway, Albany, N. Y. 
The Baltimore Sun Almanac for 1878. 
Annual Retort of the Secretary of the In¬ 
terior on the Operations of the Department, for 
the fiscal year ending Juue 30, 1877. 
Albert Hanford's .Texas State Register for 
1878. 
Wheat Culture in Tennessee. By J. B Tul- 
lebrew. Commissioner of Agriculture, Statistics 
and Mines. A valuable treatise of 250 pages. 
We are just iu receipt of a copy of three lec¬ 
tures ou the Science of Agriculture, by our con¬ 
tributor, Dr. Flavkl S. Thomas. A. M , of 
“Major Farm," Hansou, Massachusetts, mem¬ 
ber of the Plymouth County aud New England 
Agricultural Societies, and founder of the Hauson 
Farmers’ Club. Tho topics pithily discussed in 
these ItCMues are; “Farmers’ Clubs," “Agricult¬ 
ure in Schools,” aud “ Agricultural Bung-holts.” 
aud the treatment of these subjects is marked 
ly the sound common sense, case, and sprightli- 
nets, which distinguish his contributions to our 
columns. 
Peter Henderson A Co., 35 Cortl&ndt St., 
N. Y. Now Catalogue for 1878 of seeds, and 
farm and garden requisites. 
Mr. Henderson’s catalogues, besides tLeir 
lists of ll iwer and vegetable seeds,'are always 
valuablo for their originality aud trustworthi¬ 
ness. This, however, might bo expected from 
one of Mr. Henderson’s experience and enter¬ 
prise. 
El Dorado, cal., Dec. 20 . 
On the 18 th we had a general shower through¬ 
out tho State. At Lot Angeles, 2 15 inches of 
rain fell in twelve hours, the heaviest rain ever 
known in that section; here, we had only a small 
shower. The 19th was clear and bright; to-day 
we have tho appearances of a good storm, so I 
thiuk California is safe for anotuor year. I tell 
you, it makes happy faces and hearts. Feed is 
good ; grain looks finely. Sowing continues. In 
the (lower garden, Pansies, Verbenas, Alyssum, 
Violets, and their companions, are showing their 
brightest colors. A few days ago I saw a rose 
bush in full bloom in the country. 
W. C. L. D. 
THE OLEOMARGARINE FRAUD 
While there is much to be said on the eide^ of 
the consumer iu favor of “oleomargarine,” or 
auy other artificial product that is sweet and 
palatable, as against poor butter, none, I thiuk, 
would care to be imposed upon iu buying the 
counterfeit for the genuine, however superior 
tho former might he. Be that as it may, the 
statute books of this Stato now contains a very 
clear law, looking to the prevention of any such 
frauds ; and it is clearly for the benefit of the 
producer, if not for the consumer, that its pro¬ 
visions be rigidly enforced. Although the law 
received executive approval early lastspiiug, uo 
stops were taken to enforce it until less than two 
mouths ago. Since then au organization of the 
wholesale butter merchants has beeu formed 
hero, and omupeteut counsel bus been employed 
for the purpose of prosecuting violators of 
the law, while detectives havo been engaged to 
ferret out violations. Tho work done thus far 
has demonstrated the fact that the law has been 
openly aud more generally violated than 
A Colon r for North Oauolina. —It is pro¬ 
posed to form a colony to settle in the central 
part of North Carolina, to be composed of North¬ 
ern men and women, farmers, mechanics—any 
and all who desire to better their condition. The 
ciimato is fine, soil fertile, land cheap; native 
people moral, laud, aud hospitable. Tho water, 
timber, and cliinat*i unexcelled; mines of iron, 
coul, gold. <be., abound. AU who desire to joiu 
this co-operative colony, may learn more of its 
prospects, Ac , by addressing J. W. Lang, 
Brooks. Me., who will cheerfully furnish infor¬ 
mation. 
he wrapped in a wet sheet and well covered with 
blankets until perspiration starts, when he 
should he washed off in milk-warm water. This 
should he repeated as often as a very high fever 
sets iu; and iu case the fever Btrikes in sud¬ 
denly, the patient should he sponged in cold 
water all over- Rubbing the body with fat 
bacon or some oily preparation allays the itching 
and, many think, lesseus the severity of the dis¬ 
ease. If the symptoms indicate a failure of the 
vital powers, aleholio stimulants should he used. 
When the patient becomes convalescent, ex¬ 
treme care should he taken to guard against 
cold, and thus lesson the risk of disease of the 
kidneys, which as often follows mild as severe 
cases of this complaint. No visits should be 
made, especially by children, to houses whore tho 
disease is prevalent, the children of the afflicted 
family should not be allowed to attend school, 
aud so endanger others, and care should be 
token to disinfect or destroy everything which 
I may retain or convoy the infection. 
more . 
has been believed, even by those who were the 
most suspicious of tho increasing importance of 
oleomargariue as a substitute fur butter. It 
would now seem as though much or the dull¬ 
ness iu the butter market during tho past few 
mouths, being caused, as it evidently has been, 
by a decreased home consumption, might be 
charged directly to tho artificial product. There 
arc hundreds of retail stores iu this city where 
scarcely a pound of real butter has been sold for 
mouths, and there arc many more where the 
Belmont Co , Ohio. 
The wheatlier hero is clear aud warm. No 
frost at night. Dandelions in blossom. I have 
just liuished harrowing a corn stubble. Tho 
ground is quite mellow. 1 expect to commence 
to plow to morrow. i. n. b. 
(iUEiiEf, Canada, Dec. ‘it. 
To dav we havo no snow. A Yery hoftvy hoar 
