cloth strainer over tho store tub. through which 
to pass the sap, thus removing all leaves, etc., 
which may be in it. 
One word more in reference to the construc¬ 
tion of the arch, and I will close for this time, 
though perhaps I may hereafter say something 
further in refercnco to converting the sirup into 
ugar. It is important, hi order to keep out from 
Whenever it is done during tho fall or winter, 
it has seemed to injure the tree, leaving a wound 
slow to heal and liable to crack deeper, or the 
bark is apt to peel up from the edges of the slit; 
but when done toward the longest days in tho 
year, or sometime in June, it has healed over at 
once without injury. In fact, a tree may be 
peeled all over, if tho bark is carefully removed, 
branches, leaving the head open, and the limbs 
not crossing each other. In Juno wo slit tho 
bark of the worst looking trees, and now passers- 
by often remark, “ What a fine, thrifty, young 
orchard you have !” We have since plowed the 
ground and shall not seed again for four or five 
years ; we shall use at least a load of coal ashes 
to each tree, as a mulch and to keep away in¬ 
sects. This orchard has lost by neglect at least 
three years in growth ; but we think has fully 
regained its health and vigor. We always find it 
difticult to start a nafv growth on a tree that has 
stopped growing in the nursery, but prefer to 
cut back to the ground again, when without 
other treatment, it will grow well. j. b. j. 
MANUFACTURE OF MAPLE SIRUP 
To begin then: I would say, that in order to 
secure a pure article, no foreign substanoe should 
be permitted to Hud its way into the sap, from 
the time it leaves the tree till it is ready for nse. 
either In tho form of sirup or sugar. I havo ob¬ 
served (hat most writers on this subject have 
taken tho position that a first-class article of 
this product cannot be made without tho usd of 
ail tho mo Tern improvements, many of which 
aio, in co3f, beyond the means of a large num¬ 
ber of our farmers. Now, although I am willing 
to admit that these things are all very flue and 
convenient tn have, and wool I advise all who 
have the means to afford it, to invest in some 
improved evaporator and other things of a like 
kind, still, I maintain that with the necessary 
care, just as fine an article can bo produced with 
tho common sheet iron boiler as with tho best 
of those appliances. Neither would I argue that 
for a man of capital the improved evaporator 
would not bo the most economical; but a pom- 
man sometimes must do as ho cm, not as he 
would, and what I wish to show is. how people 
of this impecunious class may have an article 
equal to the best, and with absolute cleanliness. 
I know that a first-class articlo can and has been 
produced, Where the sap has boon caught iu 
common wooden backets. Indeod, previous to 
the introduction of tin buckets, I made an arti¬ 
cle equal in quality to auy I have ever Been, and 
I believe as good as over was produced. Still I 
would not bo understood to recommend the use 
of wooden buckets iu preference to those of tin, 
as I think, ail thinks considered, the latter are 
tho most economical; hut I only wish to show 
that the appliitucos used are matters of loss im¬ 
portance, than that everything which can give 
any color should bo kept from entering the sap ; 
for while a considerable quantity of foreign sub¬ 
stance will not perceptibly color a hundred pails 
of sap, still when the wholo is boiled down to a 
compass of only a few gallons, the coloring mat 
ter is so concentrated as to give a considerable 
tmge to the simp. 
lu regard to dishes, as I have already said I 
believe tho tin buckets to be, all things consid¬ 
ered, the most economical, and those with cov¬ 
ers would, or course, be an improvement, as in 
this way everything injurious could be kept out 
of the sap. As to spouts or spiles, thero is u 
patent spile which I believe gives universal satis¬ 
faction wherever used; but if ono wishes some¬ 
thing less expensive, a very good spile can bo 
made from scraps of sheet-iron, out into pieces 
about four inches in length, an inch in width at 
one end and an inch and a half at tho other, and 
this can be obtained at small cost n 
ware store. With theso spiles, I 
a depth of about an inch and a ha 
the first place, a %-inoh bit and drivi 
well into, but not through, the bark, 
the wide end for this purpose. The 
trees have become dried up, andanei 
THE LAW AS TO THE SALE OF TREES 
Your correspondent “ Rnralist,” in his report 
of the late meeting of tho Western Now York 
Horticultural Society, was misled into saying 
that it was found that there must be fraudulent 
representation to make a nurseryman liable for 
the sale of spurious trees. One momber did 
state from hearsay that such was the rule laid 
down in the case of Van Wyck vs. Allen, and 
that judgment was given for tho plaintiff only 
because tho defendants bad represented that 
their cabbage seed was grown by a particu¬ 
lar man while that supplied was not; but after 
tho adjournment I was enabled to point out to 
tho gentleman refevrod to, from an official copy 
of the charge of the judge, that in that case 
the Court expressly refused to charge that the 
representation referred to was material and in- 
atiueted the jury that the vital point for them 
to determine was whether or not the seed sold 
was, in fact, “ Early Flat Dutch Cabbage.” 
Damages are no less serious in their effect up¬ 
on tho sufferer because they arc the result of 
negligence or mistake rather thau of wilful 
fraud, and when one of the two men must sur¬ 
fer. the law naturally chooses to place tho loss 
on him by whose mistake, negligence or fraud 
and at whose profit the damage occurs, rather 
than on one who has bad no part or lot or profit 
in bringing about lhat result. It says: “Jfaman 
come to me and asks to buy a particular article, 
not readily distinguishable, and I give him one 
resembling it, I thereby warrant to him that the 
article supplied is the article asked for, and un¬ 
dertake to make good to him the damage, which 
naturally follows from its failure to be such ar¬ 
ticle.” Any other rule would beacloak forswind- 
ling, because it would compel tho sufferer to 
not only prove that Kb hod suffered by his ad¬ 
versary s act; hut it would force him to reach 
dowu into the secret chambers of the swindler's 
heart and prove that he intended to swindle. 
Happily the law is not so capricious as that. 
In principle the law is all right and it is uufor- 
t’inate that a fear of its execution does not de¬ 
ter many from committing frauds now preva¬ 
lent, or drive ont of business those who are in¬ 
competent to transact it rightly; but the diffi¬ 
culties incident to proving claims under this law 
are, owing to tho nature of the articles affected 
by it, so seiions that few will avail themselves 
of its provisions unless their damages are great 
or the circumstances under which they arise 
very aggravated. Eugene Glen. 
TUBS AO MR 
tho pans all asbes, etc., that tho arch should be 
as nearly tight as possible. Procure a casting 
for tho back end of the arch, with holes for stove¬ 
pipe at each end, and let it bo of the leugth vou 
wish your arch in width. Uy this 
. _ means yon can 
best secure tho necessary draft, the amount of 
pipe required depending In a great measure on 
location of the boiling place. Then build your 
arch of stones, using for mortar a compost made 
of equal parts of clean horse-manure and com¬ 
mon loam, which is better for this purpose than 
lime mortar, or anything else I over used. 
_ 8, J. B. 
Jfloritulfural 
1110 unrs. ana tue tree starts at once. Two years 
since, wo had a six-year-old block of nursery 
apple mid pear trees somewhat “ stunted,” that 
came into our hands by purchase of the land. As 
we wished to plant an orchard, and theso trees 
were not very salable, we set 2,000 of the anulo 
trees and 1,000 of tho pear trees in un orchard, 
believing that, as they were healthy, they could 
be made tlirifly. They barely lived tho first sea- 
sou but made no growth. Lust spring, in April, we 
tiinuned about half the orchard pretty severely, 
and slit the bark of some of them in June ; those 
that woro only trimmed grew well, but those 
whoso bark was slit, out-grew the others and the 
bodies swelled out—and were much more stocky 
than thoso not slit. The bodies healed up where 
slit, and took on a much moru glossy appearance, 
and were altogether more handsome trees. Wo 
also fancied when there was a tendency to blight, 
that the slitting was beneficial, at least there 
was no appearance of blight among those that 
were slit, and there were half a dozou cases 
among thoso not so treated. The trees ttiat 
wore neither trimmed nor slit, scarcely made any 
growth of top, but inclined to sprout up uoar the 
root, and along the bodies, rather than to make 
top growth. 
We also had an orchard of Borne 200 trees, six 
years planted, on a farm bought three years 
since, that stood iq a meadow- and looked badly. 
Wo seriously considered the question of remov- 
LULBS FOR THE FLOWER GARDEN 
W. C. L. DREW. 
ALLIUMS. 
The Allium family of bulbs, although known 
for many years, are very seldom met with in the 
(lower garden. They have been very much neg¬ 
lected, not only by amateurs but by scientific) 
cultivators. This is probably due, in part, to 
the very savory name, Flowering Onions, by 
which they are commonly called. It is perhaps 
too suggestive of the vegetable garden to allow 
them a place among the llowera. They are, 
however, except in name, entirely unlike that 
tear-produotlve vegetable. 
For several seasons I havo grown and flow¬ 
ered the several differently colored varieties, 
with the greatest of pleasure and satisfaction. 
Indeed, I had no handsomer bed in the garden, 
than my bed of white, blue and yellow Alliums. 
Of the white variety,I had specimens over two and 
a half feet high, the umbel of flowers being eight 
inches across. Without reflecting on the beauty of 
other bulbs, I cau safely say thero are none better 
for border ornamentation, and that they should 
occupy places where many far loss showy plants 
havo found favor, merely because they have a 
higher-toned appellation. They have much to 
recommeud them; tho several varieties are all 
hardy, require no particular care to bloom very 
satisfactorily and produce yearly masses of beau¬ 
tiful and showy blooms ; the flowers Just for a 
long season, at least two to three weeks longer 
than Hyacinths. 
There are three varieties in ordinary cultiva- 
A NOVELTY 
