RURAL NEW-YORKER 
second to the fifth day, and are decidedly a 
favorable symptom. Of 182 cases ofpneumoma 
marked by facial eruptions, only 17, or 9.31 per 
cent, died; of 239 cases without eruptions, <0, or 
29.3 per cent, died. Of these 421 cases, 1»9 were 
over 30 years old. Of these, 60 had eruptions and 
10, or 20 per cent, died ; 109 had no eruptions, and 
68, or 53.3. died. The unfavorable symptoms 
are the reverse of these, and also profuse sweat¬ 
ing with high temperature and markedly Ima 
cheeks; a yellowish white appearance at the 
angles of the mouth; and, in females, preg- 
11 There are few diseases in which special treat¬ 
ment adapted to individual cases, is more impor¬ 
tant than in pneumonia; for the measures that 
would be salutary in one case, would be injurious, 
or even fatal, in another. In the belief, there¬ 
fore, that Buch general directions as could be 
given in the limited scope of this article, woul 
be likely to do quite as much harm as good, the 
few remaining remarks shall refer to the office 
of nurse rather than to that of doctor : The pa¬ 
tient should lie with hiB shoulders somewhat ele¬ 
vated . In protracted and debilitated cases, ms 
position Bhould be changed occasionally in order 
nrovAnt. fhn Rfltt,liner of the blood in any part 
the tongue is generally moist and coated with 
a white or yellowish - white fur, sometimes 
clammy, dry, red or cracked. Generally 
towards the close of the first week, an 
abatement of the Bymptoms takes place; the 
pulse becomes softer, and slightly irregular, 
the cheeks less congested; the perspiration 
more profuse, especially on the forehead; hut 
the temperature does not fall, nor does the pa¬ 
tient feel any improvement. Within from four 
to 16 hoars, the temperature becomes normal, 
ondary form it is also a frequent accompaniment 
of bronohitis, measles, whooping-cough, con¬ 
sumption, small-pox, scarlatina, erysipelas, and 
it iB probably most oommon between 20 and 36. 
There is no disease that presents so great a 
variety of aspects as pneumonia, the only 
features always present being a change in the 
lungs, manifest to the physician by percussion 
and ansouhation; and an inoreaso in the fre¬ 
quency of the respiration in comparison with 
t hat of the pulse. The ordinary relation of four 
PNEUMONIA 
DB. GOODENOUGH 
Pneumonia, peripneumonia, or lung iever, ib 
an inflammation of the spongy snbBtanoe of the 
lungs. There are numerous varieties of the dis¬ 
ease, founded on the different portions of the 
lungs, or the different constituents of the por¬ 
tions, that may be inflamed ; on the relation of 
the disease to other diBeaseB with which it may 
be associated, and upon the character of the ac¬ 
companying fever, or the state of the system. 
Pneumonia is called lobular, when small, isolated 
parts of the lungs are affected, which Ib common 
n children; double, when the inflammation in¬ 
volves both'lungs; vesicular, when it affects 
only the air-cells ; Inter-vesicular, when its seat 
is in the cellnlar tissue intervening between the 
air-vesicles; pleuro-pneumonia, when large por¬ 
tions of the pleura are affected ; typhoid, when 
associated with a low or typhous oondition of the 
Botanists differ as to the species of Giouna 
Cherry. PhysaltB Alkekengi, the strawberry 
tomato, is by Gray said to bear a bright red berry.; 
Others say that the berry is of a greenish-yellow 
others that it is yellow; others that it is of an 
orange color. 
Physalis viscosa—see engraving—iB oommon in 
dry fields and road-sides, both here and in 
Canada. This is also called P. heteropbylla, P. 
nyctaginea, P. visoido-puhesceas, P. Pennsyl¬ 
vania, P. tomentosa. Physalis Pennsylvania 
is also oalled P. lanceolata and P. maritima, 
while Gray makes P. lanceolata a variety of P. 
Pennsylvania. 
We call attention to our remarks two weeks ago, 
respecting P. Peruviana which is the species 
generally cultivated in this county, and suggest 
to those who have the time and inclination to 
experiment with a view to cross-breeding, that 
there is yet time this season to do so. 
the pulse and respiration diminish in frequency, 
and all the Bymptoms abate. At the same time 
the whole surface of the body breaks out into 
a warm, free perspiration; a deep, continous 
sleep follows, and on waking, the patient feels 
comfortable,relishes his food, and convalescence 
commences, and in oourse of usually about a 
fortnight, all local BignB have disappeared and 
health has fully returned. If the attack ter¬ 
minates without any marked crisis, the restora¬ 
tion of health is more gradual, there are occa¬ 
sional temporary relapses, and convalescence 
can scarcely be said to begin until towards the 
middle or end of the second week. 
Death takes place sometimes within a few 
days, with intense heat, severe cerebral symp¬ 
toms, convulsions, and delirium. Usually, how¬ 
ever, it occurs from exhaustion of the heart 
towards the end of the first week. Then the 
deep red color of the cheeks becomes more and 
more bluish and at bust takes a deep yellowish 
tinge, the patient falls into a low delirium, talk¬ 
ing little and moving his bands. He under¬ 
stands what is said, but answers in & low, indis¬ 
tinct tone. The skin becomes insensible to pain ; 
the breathing gasping, coarse and loud; the suf¬ 
ferer can swallow nothing ; anon, the respiration 
grows feeble, interrupted by pauses, longer and 
longer; the pulse can no more be felt; the tip of 
the nose first grows cold; then the extremities, 
and death closes the scene, generally a couple of 
hours after the commencement of the crisis. 
pulsations to one respiration Is disturbed, and 
the breathing becomes disproportionately quicker 
until, in very severe cases, it is sometimes as 
rapid as the pulse. In upwards of ofli-half the 
cases a chili, lasting seldom more than four or 
five hours, is the initial symptom. Then follow 
quickly difficulty of breathing, pain In the side 
or back of the chest, and a short cough attended 
with severe pain In the side, but generally at 
first, with no expectoration ; headache, vertigo, 
heaviness in all the limbs. Soon the face be¬ 
comes flushed, the muscles of the nose orten 
begin t.o twitch, the cheeks assume a purplish 
tinge and the countenance an anxious expres¬ 
sion ; the cough grows interrupted, hoarse and 
harsh 
patient is tormented with an 
within a U.. — 
reached its bight, 
; the pulse increases in frequency; the 
' ' l intense thirst, and 
few hours the disease has already 
At other times, for several 
days before the actual invasion of the disease, 
the patient feels unwell and chilly or feverish ; 
then the affliction is ushered in by one or more 
fits of shivering and the nsual symptoms. Or, 
the chill may he absent and the scene opens 
with convulsions and complete loss of conscious¬ 
ness. Or, again, a frequent initial symptom is 
vomiting, either before or with a chill, especially 
in the case of children, and generally this is re¬ 
peated If there is a chill the illness may be 
dated from that point; and in its absence, from 
the moment at which the patient, having previ¬ 
ously been in good health, can fix with certainty 
that the change commenced. Usually for the 
first 24 hours at least, the signs are uncertain, 
but if the patient has had the chill and has a 
pain in the side, rusty expectoration and a high 
fever there can be little doubt hut that he is 
suffering from pneumonia. 
The course of this disease is usually marked 
by fever with the temperature of the body vary¬ 
ing from 104 to 106, falling from 2 to 2 % degrees 
in the morning and rising as much in the even¬ 
ing. The pulse varies from 100 to 110, and 
is generally still higher in children ; the respira¬ 
tion is from 30 to 50 per minute, and sometimes 
as high as 80: headache, vertigo, exhaustion, 
thirst, difficulty of breathing, pain in the side. 
This pain is not indicative of the seat of the 
disease, but is caused by an accompanying in¬ 
flammation of the pleura: the lung is compara¬ 
tively insensible. The pmu is sometimes absent, 
though not often, as Grisolle found it present 
in 272 patientB out of 301. The skin at first 
dry, usually becomes moist about the third day, 
at least temporarily. The expectoration at first 
muouous, then slightly purulent, becomes 
more and more bloody until the ensangained 
streaks extend over the entire expectorated 
mass: its color is reddish-brown; quantity 
always small: it is mixed with air-bubles and 
clings teuaciously to the vessel that contains it. 
The urine is less, dark-oolored, heavy and on 
cooling deposits a brick-dust sediment; in three- 
fourths of the cases tho bowels are constipated ; 
Owiug to its numerous complications, and the 
differences in the number of these included by 
various cities under the head of pneumonia, in 
their statistical compilations, it is at present im¬ 
possible to ascertain with satisfactory accuracy 
the average proportion of deaths to attacks of 
this disease ; but from a careful comparison of 
the different tables of mortality a fair approxi¬ 
mate estimate can be made. While to a vigor¬ 
ous child, the malady is not dangerous, feeble 
children rapidly succumb to it, and the bulk of 
the 10 per cent, who fall victims to it under the 
age of 10 years belong to this weakly class. From 
10 to 20 the rate of mortality falls, the ratio 
amounting hardly to six per cent. From 20 on¬ 
wards, there is a gradual increase in the propor¬ 
tion of deaths to cases until old age comes on, 
when this increase beoomes rapid. Contrary to 
the general opinion, pneumonia is not danger¬ 
ous to a man in vigorous health, provided his 
physical powers are unimpaired by excessive la¬ 
bor or exercise, or by immoderate use of aloo- 
holic drink. From 20 to 30, the average ratio of 
EXTRACTS FROM CORRESPONDENTS’ 
LETTERS. 
New Haven, Ct., April 6. 
I wish to express the gratification I have ex- 
irienced from the Berios on Bulbs by W. 
L. Drew. He mentions and describes several 
hich I have never seen mentioned in any cata- 
gue, and new species also of old sorts. Is ^ • 
. L. D. a florist ? meroautile.I mean, as in that 
ise one might procure some of the new beau- 
68 G. H. Alling. 
PirrsFiEM), Mass. 
I have flowering Almonds, straw-colored, 
veet-scented Lily, Perennial Phlox, Gladioli 
ulbs ; Peony, Oxalis bulbs; viz. Bowiei, bright 
ink common white and pink; straw-colored 
ariegated Ledum; these I wish to exchange 
sr Pansy and Aster seeds, Centennial seed her - 
r>rn and Murdock's corn; Lily bulbs except 
Of course, all these symptoms are manifested 
in only very few cases, while many of them, 
together with others not here enumerated, are 
seen in every instance. 
Out of 721 cases mentioned in a recent Vienna 
statistical report, 279, or 38.7 per cent, termin¬ 
ated on even days, and 442, or 61 3 per cent on 
odd days, the fifth and seventh days being the 
two moBt critical, 120 of the oases terminating 
on the former and 165 on the latter. Among 
the even days the eighth waB the most decisive, 
86 cases having terminated on it. According to 
the figures therein given, the ratio between the 
even and odd days iB as two to three, and the 
most critical period iB from the fifth to the eighth 
day, though the cases terminating each day 
dwindled gradually down to only one out of the 
721 on the nineteenth day. 
The favorable signs are: moderate fever, tem¬ 
perature not above 104° F. in the momiug hours; 
spontaneous remissions; regular, full pulse; 
not averaging above 140; respiration not very 
frequent, ratio to pulse one to three; deep 
respiration possible without much pain; no con¬ 
tinued paroxysm of cough; expectoration en¬ 
tirely absent or only moderate in amount; rusty- 
brown, not changing in color; and eruptions on 
face. The latter come on usually from the 
I have never seen in American earning — 
« English Vegetable Marrow " mentioned. There 
are many thousands of them sold in the London 
markets annually, and wherever I have gi'’ ea 
one for trial, the request has been made or 
seed. In case you may not know it, I inclose 
you a few seeds. They require the same treat¬ 
ment as pumpkins or Bquash ; only waut to 
cut and cooked when young, aud before they 
begin to ripen; boil half an hour and serve up 
with buttor-sauoe, taking out seeds and cutting 
into quarters. A " E ‘ Ct - A0Lf " 
:kena uo., Ala,, April21,1878 
the plants sent. I received 
tiou, and as they we all new 
much obliged for them. 1 
■ but as it 
-=—, for most of 
and find some one 
I have 
for the 
Carkolton, PI 
Manv thanks for 
them in good eond 
tome I am very 
should like to join in your exchange, 
commences too late iu the spring C 
my bulbs, I will have to try i-__ — 
that will exchange in the fall with me. 
fresh Hyacinths from the open garden 
O.h riafcmaa holidays, and moBt of the 8pn *, 
