fir (jurist, 
QUERIES ON DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
ANSWERED l!Y D. E. SALMON, D. V. M. 
Stomach Ailments. 
G. Penrose , Westaherhr Go ., N. 1'., says : — 
The past week one of tuy cows aud a yearling 
heifer refused food. I called in a veterinary 
surgeon, who. discovering that there had not 
boon for some lime any action of the bowels, 
prescribed purgatives. These were given, but 
with no effect, the calf dying the following day 
iu great agony. In ardor to ascertain if possible 
the cause of death, f had the calf cut open, but 
thu surgeon evidently bdfcg out of bis clement, 
as ho apparently know no more of the matter 
than I did, could not determine the cause of death. 
The heart, liver, luugB, and email intestines 
seemed iu a healthy condition—the drat stomach 
was much <3 hi ten tod with food, the others ap 
parontly healthy save the last-of Ibis, the 
membraue dividing the interior of it, was parched 
up aud broke readily at a slight pressure, as if 
rotten, while the contents were as dry as if the 
matter had teen expelled for days. Pray inform 
me, through the columns or your paper, whether 
I have described the normal condition of this 
stomach, or if it became so from disease, and 
the name of the disease. 
The cow died the following night. I had at 
first thought that these animals gaiued access to ' 
some paint that was iu the baru, but no trace of 
this could te found in thou bowels, nor did tboy 
seem to suffer from thirst; a symptom always 
accompanying, so 1 understand, poisoniug. 
Ann.- It is probaldo those animals were af- 
fectod with impaction of the third stomach, 
sometimes cillcd grass staggers. It is often 
caused by a sudden change from dry food to 
grass, it may also be caused liy feodlug on dry, 
indigestible food, by a deficiency of water, and 
by lead poisoniug. The stomach spoken of as 
the last, was probably the third or manifolds, 
the contents of which are always found in a dry, 
hard, caked condition in this disease. The epi¬ 
thelial lining of the first three stomachs is readi¬ 
ly removed iu large pieces, in all oases where 
there is congestion of the mucous membrane of 
those organs; and even the membrane of the 
fourth stomach may ho softened by congestion 
or inflammation. Purgatives (Glauber or Ep¬ 
som salts with common salt), and Btimulants 
(Ginger, Turpentine, Nux Vomica), accompanied 
with injections, with counter-irritants when there 
is much irritation of the stomach. should he used 
as treatment. 
Glanders—Heaves. 
Van, Brown Co., H im, says that one of his 
neighbors lost a horse lately by a disease about 
which o|Jiuious in bis neighborhood differ. She 
was sixteen years old and had had the heaves 
for a long time; she had refused oats or any feed 
but hay for about a week or ten days; had 
breathed with difficulty, a sort of pant, with 
now aud then a long breath like a warm, tired 
dog; a thick, yellowish discharge ran from the 
nostrils all the time, 1. Was it glanders? 2. 
He has a horse eleven years old that has the 
heaves slightly, aud he asks what can he do to 
cure him ? 
Anb,— 1. This horse may havo had glanders, 
or the discharge might have boon caused by sim¬ 
ple bxouckitjs ; there is often a discharge from 
the nose in connection with the heaves. It is, 
therefore, impossible to decide as to the nature 
of tliis disease without knowing whether or not 
the peculiar symptoms of glanders were present. 
In all cases where glanders is suspected, it is the 
duty of the owner to have the animal examined 
by a competed practitioner; aud iu case the 
animal is thus affected, it should he destroyed 
at once. Glanders is one of those fatal, con¬ 
tagious diseases, which is not only oonuuuuica.- 
hie to other animals, but oven to people ; and it 
should be understood by the owuersuf glauderod 
horses that, in keeping them, they arc exposing 
themselves to the contagion of a disease which, 
if contracted, is no less fatal or horrible than 
hydrophobia itself. Glanders is diagnosed from 
the peculiar, sticky character of the discharge 
from tho noso; from characteristic ulcerations 
of the muoous mombrano of this part; aud from 
tho hard, nodular, enlarged condition of tho 
lymphatic gland? under the jaw. It is absolute¬ 
ly incurable, and its treatment Bbould never, 
under any circumTanoos, be allowed. 
a. Perhaps the best treatment for this trouhlo 
is a run on natural pastures. If the animal 
must be kept in tlqyitablo and worked, it should 
he fed on oats and roots, (particularly carrots), 
with a very little of the best hay and that given 
at night, and a limited supply of water. The 
greatest care should be taken to havo the animal 
in the open air as much as possible, day and 
night, or at least to have the b table thoroughly 
ventilated. 
Wintering Dahlia Bulbs. 
J. W. G., asks how best to winter Duhlia 
bulbs. She had them iu a cool place, but they 
Would dry up and become hard, or else mold and 
rot. They were raised on very rich ground and 
grew large and thrifty. 
THE 
RAL NEW-YORKER 
Ans.—T ake them up after light frosts, wash 
and dry. Place them in sand apd keep in the 
cellar. We think there will be no further diffi¬ 
culty. 
New York Steamship Companies. 
Edwin nope. Geauga Co., Ohio, asks for the 
names of the chief steamship lines sailing fi om 
this post. 
Ans —Foreign Linos: Cunard, White Star, 
Williams A Guion, National, Inman, State, Au- 
chor, North German Lloyd, Hamburg, Frencln 
White Cross. 
Coastwise Lines: racifio Mail S. S. Co., C. H. 
Malkwv & Co., Clyde, Morgan, Alexandre, Mur¬ 
ray, Ferris A Co. 
An Ice-House. 
Jas. Kyger , Clinton Co., Indiana, says: I 
built me an ice-house and milk-house combined, 
last fall. It is built 10x15 feet, out of rock, with 
a board partition in tbe middle—the front for 
milk, and the roar for ice. The milk-houee part 
is about eight feet deep inside ; tho ice-room six 
feet. I didn't get any ice to put up last winter 
to try it. Now. I want to ask if it would be best 
to plank the floor of the ice room, or just put 
the sawdust on the ground sloping towards tho 
milk-room. I have a good tile-drain from the 
bottom of the milk-room, and I put iu gravel 
and laid the floor with brick. The entrance to 
the ice-room is at the north side, and to the milk- 
room tis at the east. The milk-room is about 
four feet below the ground aud the ice-room two 
feet below. 
Ans. —By all means, we should plank it. Saw¬ 
dust, when packed too hard, loses much of its 
non-condueting power. 
Beans. 
E. L. C., BJcaneateles, N. Y. asks, whether 
beans yield better sowed in drills or planted; 2, 
what is a good fertilizer for beanB. 
Ans. —Polo beans we think will yield as well if 
planted in hills ; tho dwarfs will yield more in 
drills. Potash (ashes) is the best special 
manure. 
Bone Fertilizer. 
Rural Reader, Blackstone, III., asks, 1. the 
difference betweou superphosphate made from 
raw aud burnt bone ; 2. how bone-black is made; 
3. the difference in nitrogen between the shank 
and rib hone. 
Ans. —There is no ammonia iu burnt bone. 
Otherwise it is nearly the same. 2. Bone-black 
is obtained by grinding the product of bones 
burned in a close vessel at a red heat. 3. We do 
not know. 
Miscellaneous. 
Frank II. J., Warren Co., Pa., asks the nsvatt 
of a reliable work on farming generally, includ¬ 
ing diseases of cattle, etc., for the purpose of 
eanvassiug the local agricultural community for 
it, in connection with other books and periodi¬ 
cals. 
Ans, —We would refer him to The Orange 
Judd Co. of this city. They sell all such books ; 
we sell none except the Rural. 
GlMfMUN 1CATI0NB RECEIVED FOR THE WEEK ENDING 
Saturday, June. 1st. 
8 . Ti. P.— W. J. B. — L. A. R. — Wm. G. L. D. — 
T. H. H.—A. L. J.-J. W. G.—F. II. D.-E. W. 8.— 
B. C. D. — K. T. — M. B. C. — F. D. C.—L. E, Y.— 
E. II. 8.—W. L. D., many thanks—A. M. Van A.— 
M. ©.—C. D.-M. W.-I. P. It.—T. T. L.-D. E. 8.- 
fy, L. D.-V. I). C.—F. W. B.—'■ llcctor Bertram”— 
— E. F. M. — L. S. — “ Rose Geranium” — 
W. H. W. — L. G. 8.-L. G. C.—8. E. II., thanks- 
«t. A. R.—E. S. M.-W. F. — A. L. W.-M. B. P.- 
C A. G. —N. D.—E. A. D.—Threber. 
(£krj)h)jjfn > . 
HERD MEN’S LIFE ON THE PLAINS. 
Elbert Co-, Colorado. 
The traveler on his way across tbe plains by 
tho way of the Kansas Pacific Railroad, suddenly 
opening his eyes in the morning, lmds him¬ 
self on the Great American Desert. He is 
ama*ed at the vast extent of country rolling 
on aud on like a groat ooean, with nothing to 
break the monotony. lie cannot realize that 
there are people living here a life aB full of in¬ 
terest to them as the life ho lives in the East is 
to him. But were he to leave the train and 
take one of the horses he Bees hitched to a poBt 
at tho little way-side Btation, aud canter across 
tke iK-airie to a little ravine whore there is water 
to be had, he would como upon a Boene as full 
of life and interest as any he had left behind. 
It is the midst of the “ round-up” season and 
one has just come in. The visitor will not find a 
man that has time to speak to him, but he will 
probably hear one cow-boy call out to another. 
"There comes a tender-foot!” It is almost 
night and the boys are tired and hungry, but 
the aattle must be oorraled before dark, aud if 
the Btranger does’nt keep a tight rein on his 
horse, it wifi join in tbe chase after that re¬ 
fractory steer that has broken loose from the 
herd, aud with head down and tail erect gives 
promjae of a fleet race, but he is soon headed 
by an expert rider aud brought back. 
The boraes know their business so well that if 
a beast breaks away from tho herd, almost be¬ 
fore you are aware of it, your horse is after it. 
By keeping the herd closely surrounded aud 
pushed forward, the head ones finally make a 
rush for tho corral gate, when all the rest follow. 
Then the cow-boys start for tho ranch and sup¬ 
per. But how rough and dirty they do look in 
their leather over-alls and their sombreros 
slouched over their sunburnt faces, and their 
spurs clankiug at every step ! Their first care 
is to loose their long lariats from their saddles 
and stake their horses where they can get good 
grass. Then they go for the pump and should 
there happen to be a lady at that ranch, there 
will be a livoly time with wash-basin, towels, and 
combs, and a few minutes afterwards you would 
scarcely recognize them as tho same men. They 
come iu polite aud affable, and if they see that 
the lady of the house is busy caring for their 
comfort, they go right in and help her to wait 
on table and wash dishes or cook ; for it is a 
rare thing to fiud a cow-boy that cannot cook. 
Early next morning tho branding is to bo 
done, and soon there iB a big fire out at the 
corral, hut you will not enjoy seeing the hot 
irons put on the poor struggling calves. The 
cattle are started to running around tbe corral; 
then the rope whirls through the air and settles 
on the neck of the victim, and often when the 
oow hears the cry of her calf, she malms a dive 
at the men. Thou there is a scramble for the 
corral fence; and if you are where tho “ tender¬ 
foot” generallyjis—on the top of the fence out of 
danger—you will have a good laugh. Sometimes 
tho cow becomes boss of t he situation; then 
some of tho boys mount their horses, go in, and 
driving her into one corner, hold her there 
until her calf iB released. The cows will not 
attack & man on horseback. 
As soon as tho branding is done, the boys aro 
off to another " round-up" and by that time, 
if business is not driving, you will uot want to 
return and take the next train, but will join the 
boyB; aud if you do, make up your mind to take 
all kinds of weather, faro, and jokes in good 
humor, and do not put on any airs of super¬ 
iority over the cow-boys; for you aro no better 
out here tbau they are aud if they think you aro 
putting on airs, they will persuade you to mount 
on a bucking horse aud you will get your white 
shirt soiled. N. V. Snyder. 
--*♦•*- 
CROP PROSPECTS IN NORTH MISSISSIPPI. 
De Soto, Miss., May 20,1878. 
Grot prospeots in North Mississippi cannot, at 
this writing, be described by any ono adjective, 
unless it be the word “various." Wheat, which 
is now nearly ready for the scythe, is seriously 
injured by rust—an appearance of disease pro¬ 
duced by a minute insect, which absorbs the 
juices of the plant, causing it to dwindle, fall 
down, and fail to perfect its grains. Oats look 
promising, and clover patches are luxuriant. 
Farmers here plant such tliingB as clover, chufa 
aud buck-wheat only in patches. Cotton and 
corn are the main crops—tho cereals aro put iu 
aB} mere accessories, and always allotted to the 
poorest parts of tho farm. Corn is now knee- 
high aud doing well. 
Cotton being tho money crop of the country, 
a large area is planted; and it is now being 
chopped to a stand, not yet making much of a 
show. I know of no crop that pays so well for 
a small investment of labor and space as clover. 
In this country, if planted in early spring, the 
farmer may graze his cows, calves and other 
Btockonit, turn them off in a thriving condition 
in May, leaving the clover eaten down to the 
ground. It will presently Bpring up, and ho 
ready to cut by the last of June, continuing its 
yield, without beiDg reset, for two years. 
This is tho season of the year when we have 
pic-nics. Tho woods are full of wild flowers; 
the spriDg waters are cool aud sweet, and the 
temperate air yields just the right proportion of 
those vital gases necessary to make existence 
itself a joy. Tho lads and laBsos dearly love to 
angle in company, and older folks do not disdaiu 
the Bport ho dear to gentle Isaac Walton. Tho 
streams hereabouts abound in trout, buffalo and 
perch. The water is muddy and mosquitoes 
ravenous; but still people go a-fishing. Give me 
a fresh Rural New Yorker, and a shady nook 
at home, any day, iu preference. 
Gardens are well advanced—squashes, cucum¬ 
bers and beets abundaut. There are plenty of 
dewberries, blackberries and raspberries. The 
two former are spontaneous productions. Straw¬ 
berry season is nearly over. We have had some 
uncommonly fine ones. My experience is that 
clean culture is the thing to produce profuse 
bearing and largo fruit. Thoso vines that we 
let, by way of experiment, wander at their own 
Bweet will, afford comparatively few. 
Perle Perdue. 
-» - 
COLD-SNAP DISASTERS. 
Muskboon, Muskegon Co., Mich., May 22. 
Upon ns, in this sandy-soil region, Nature 
smiled with an early and warm spring and a 
great profusion of blOBBoms, and barring tbe 
fact of excessive flowering—which always breeds 
suspicion—everything promised a great yield of 
grapes, tree and all small fruits, and we went to 
bed on the night of the 12th with but little fears 
of evil; but in the morning of tho 13th Nature 
put on mourning. We did not, however, feel the 
full effects of the disaster till tho morning of 
tho 15th when tho play was encored and straw¬ 
berry bloRsoms that, were opened, changed tho 
hue of their stamens and pistils to a mourning 
color, the uew growth of grapes bung their 
heads and the leaves of some varieties of forest 
trees withered 8till wo had littlo foars of 
Apples especially tbo Crabs and other iron-clads, 
though we could plainly sec that Peaches, Plums 
and Cherries had mostly gone up. But to-day 
there are strong judications that a good share of 
the Apples have followed suit, especially the 
early flowering varieties and those in excessive 
bloom. TboBe remarks apply only to ordinary 
aspects, such as level or Blightly rolling plains, 
but do not apply to abrupt elevation h affording 
an unobstructed flow to the cold air as it ap¬ 
proached tho freezing point; for in all Buch 
places I fiud no damage done, thns offering to 
the novice a valuable lesson in local climate. 
My observations do not extend eastward to 
the heavier soils where, as we had copious 
spring rains, I think spring work must be 
greatly retarded, and where I hear that winter 
grains are somewhat injured by frost, though 
promising before, there aH here, a full crop. 
Whatever wind there was in the evening of tbe 
12th, came from the northwest carrying a fog 
arising from the bayous putting into Lake 
Michigan from the east to the south Bide ; but 
before the frost the wind shifted carrying the 
fog to tho north side, protecting all vegetation 
for some distance in that direction. 
Our fruit-growing country is rife with lamen¬ 
tations over thiB dispensation and threats of 
emigration aro hoard, but climatologists reply 
“ You must go to tho equator before you are en¬ 
tirely safe from occasional lulling frostB.” This 
is but tbe second time in 20 years that Grapes 
have been killed here iu the Bpriug after tho 
clusters have appeared. 8. B. Peck. 
■»♦+- 
KENTUCKY NOTES. 
POTATO BEETLE.—FAREWELL !! 
When our potatoes, hereabouts, were first 
coming up, countless numbers of tho beetles 
made their appearance. In fact, tt waB gener¬ 
ally conceded that they were more numerous 
here than ever before. I was about to purchase 
large quantities of Paris-green for my own and 
neighbors' use, when 1 noticed that tho eggs 
were not hatching, and up to this date I believe 
that not one iu ten thousand hatchod. 
1 have carefully searched rny fifteen acros and 
found loss thau a hundred young booties. We 
all rejoice in the prospect of bidding, at an early 
day, tbo potato boetle a lasting farowell. 
CORN 
Is coming up exceptionally well. In fact we 
have heard of hut one farmer in tho “ bottom” 
having to replant, aud ho loft his seed-corn on 
a floor all winter instead or hanging it up, which 
may account for bis failure. An unusually large 
acreage of corn is planted here this spring, and 
many meadows have been planted, iu which the 
corn looks remarkably vigorous. 
WHfAT. -RUST. 
Notwithstanding tbo frequent showers and 
iuterveuiug hot sunsbiuo, our wheat is heading 
finely. 8o far the rust is confined to the blades, 
and seems to havo checked the growth of the 
stalk without a fleeting the development of the 
head, thus acting beneficially rather than in¬ 
juriously. 
We have heard it said’ that “the black rust 
never follows the red rust.” Is this correct ? 
8. E. Hamtton. 
Carroll Co., Ky., May 20, 187S. 
-- 
RURAL SPECIAL REPORTS. 
Douglas Co., Central ills., May 23,1878. 
After four years of spriug rains aud conse¬ 
quent failure in crops, we again realize that our 
hopes, oneouragod by an early spring, are blasted, 
if any thing, worse than on either of the four 
previous soasons It’s the last week iu May and 
not even much laud is broken, to say nothing 
about plautiug. The Embarrass river is from 
bank to bank, aud a few fiolds in its bottoms, 
which could be gotten in early, by reason 
of the sandy nature of the soil, aro now ten 
feet under water. There was a large breadth 
of fall wheat aud oats sown, both of wlnoh 
promised, a month ago, a larger yield than we 
have ever had here; hut oats axe damaging 
badly, and whole fiolds of wheat are “ struck ” 
with rust. 
As to fruits, wo thought, six months ago, 
apples would bo abundant ; hut to-day, many of 
those having large orchards, tell mo they will 
have less apples than they havo ever had. 
Peaches aro abundant, but tbo frost, on the 
night of tho 12th inst., blackened a large amount 
on the upper sides, and these are now dropping 
off. This, however, will result in good by 
thinning the crop, whioh was already two or 
three times too largo. A frost we had about the 
1st inst. killed all cherries in bloom, and cher¬ 
ries, generally a largo crop here, will be very 
light, except on a few trees in sheltered locali¬ 
ties. Now, I don’t think I loBt a grape. I have 
