JUNE 22 
THE RURAL fiEW-YORKlR. 
3©3 
Board of Trustees, the Faculty,'and 160 students, 
and its praiseworthy benefactors. The nature 
of the studies pursued therein is also described, 
special attention being devoted to the depart¬ 
ment in charge of agricultural experiments, 
which has done so much for the advancement 
of the farming interests of the State. Of the 
extent of these services our readers have, from 
time to time, been indirectly informed by the in¬ 
cidental remarks of our valued correspondent, 
Professor Adolphus W. Mangum, A. M., a mem¬ 
ber of the Faculty. 
-- 
CATALOGUES, &c., RECEIVED. 
CONNECTICUT AGRICULTURAL, EXPERIMENT 
STATION. 
New Haven, June 15, 1878. 
Bulletin No. 16.-Fertilizer Analyses. 
155. Manhattan Blood Guano. Claimed 2 
per cent. Nitrogen, 7 per cent. Boluble Phos¬ 
phoric Acid, 3 per oeut. insoluble Phosphoric 
Aoid, 5 per cent. “ Alkaline Salts.” Manufac¬ 
tured by Manhattan Fertilizer Co., 38 Platt St., 
N. Y. From stock of L. C. Sternberg, Hartford. 
156. Warranted No. 1 Peruvian Guano. 
Claimed 3.2 per cent. Nitrogen. Hobson, Hur¬ 
tado & Co , N. Y. From stock of R. B. Bradley 
& Co., Now Haven. 
158. Upton's Superphosphate. Claimed 2.4- 
3.2 per cent. Nitrogen, 10-12 per cent, soluble 
Phosphoric Acid, 3 5 per cent, insoluble Phos¬ 
phoric Aoid. Manufactured by George Upton, 
18 Broad St., Boston. From stock of E. Stiles & 
Son, Williinantio. Sent in Juno 7, by E. Stiles 
& Sou. 
154. Glue Settlings. From Works of Peter 
Cooper. Sent in June 4, by Geo. H. Glover, 
North Branford. 
155 was sampled and sent May 2. 156 was 
sampled and sent April 8, by J. J. Webb, New 
Haven. 
Trade continues good among the implement 
manufacturers. Aultman, Miller & Co., of 
Akron, Ohio, write ns to the effect that their ac¬ 
cumulated stock of New Buckeye Table Rakes 
was exhausted about the middle of May, since 
which time, although working a full force, full 
time, they are behind orders. This is as it 
should be. We hope they will have to work, 
night as well as day. 
■-- 
The self-acting cow milker, advertised by 
Stent & Co., in another column, is a useful in 
vention. The simplicity which characterizes the 
machines themselves, and the thorough efficiency 
with which it is claimed the work is done, recom¬ 
mend them to dairymen and farmers. 
THE LAST ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 
155 
Nitrocen.‘-’.58 
Soluble Phoa. AciU.7.79 
Reverted “ *• 1.40 
Insoluble “ " 2.83 
Potash. ..0.62 
Cat. Value W ton.#37 22 
Cost ** “ *«50 
156 
153 
8.02 
2.01 
5.82 
1.49 
4.03 
7.31 
3.77 
1.05 
3.40 
61 47 
26 45 
60 00 
38 00 
154 
0.67 
0.21 
282 
Rural “Cricket” arrived save a week since. 
Goes well, giveB entire satisfaction. Many 
thanks. o. b. b. 
Lawrence, Kansas, June 8th, 1878. 
The Rural is itself a gem, and the “ Cricket” 
is just such a thing as we might expect from its 
liberal-miuded management. R. s. 
Ashland, Ohio, 
“ Cricket ” clock received all right. It runs 
nicely and keeps good time. It is very hand¬ 
some. Mauy thanks for it. Hardly anyone here 
takes an agricultural paper. A. w. h. 
Greenlleld, Mass, June 10 , 1878. 
siderably Booner than I expected to see it. It is 
a satisfaction to me to let you know that I am 
thoroughly pleased with it, though there is, I 
suppose, nothing now to bo said in its praise. A 
prettier ornament or better time-piece I never 
saw, and the only effort it cost me was mention¬ 
ing to two of my friends a few of the advantages 
to be derived from being a subscriber to the 
Rural, and expressing my willingness to forward 
their subscriptions to you. 
Accept my thanks for your generous premium. 
Gage Co., Nevada. t. e. b. 
We are all exceedingly pleased with the 
“ Cricket,” and wonder how you can afford to be 
so liberal. After this month has passed, there 
will be many regrets from those who have not 
obtained one. Mr. Holdredge, Watch and Clock- 
maker of Newburgh, came over hero and he 
was saying he had seen several of these pretty 
clocks and they were ail good onoB. I imagine 
yon will need several car loads for the next two 
weeks. °- 
Mountainville, N. Y., June 14th, 1878. 
Will uot you receive subscriptions after July 
1st for the Rural, giving the “Cricket” pre¬ 
mium ? There are several who have promised 
me to subscribe for the last half of the year ? 
Paterson, N. J, c. s. s. 
[Not after July 1st. This is positive.— Eds.] 
The “ Cricket ” has created quite a furore in 
this quarter of the globe. Since its arrival (a 
week ago) the people (principally housewives), 
for miles around, hrve made pilgrimages 
to our house to impeach the muoh-talked of 
clock. One and all express themselves pleased 
with the beauty of the clock, aDd as I can and do 
vouch for its utility, there is a good prospect that 
you’ll reap an abundant “Cricket” harvest in 
Yenaugo Co., Pa. J- L - 
uniformly healthy and more thrifty than when 
fed on grain alone. Good clover will do with 
half this quantity of meal, and sometimes pro¬ 
duce equally good results. I have found even 
forty per cent, difference in favor of the clover 
and meal over the meal alone; and this, when 
dividing a Utter of pigs and feeding one-half on 
corn-meal soaked in water, and the other half 
on clover and meal, giving each lot all they 
would eat. The pigs fed on corn meal alone 
were often feverish and mincing in appetite, 
while those on clover and meal were always 
lively aud ready for a feed. 
If pigs are on pasture then they Bhould get 
also a constant small ration of grain. Grain 
will here produce much greater result than 
when fed alone. Pigs should be pushed through 
the summer with the most liberal feeding bo 
that they may make a coustant and rapid 
growth and reach & marketable weight of 250 
pounds, or upwards, before December. A little 
grain used with pasture will alwayB pay a liberal 
profit. There can never be a stand-still in 
growth without serious loss. Full feeding is the 
only consistent system. 
Jflimtkliural. 
BULBS FORI THE FLOWER [GARDEN. 
W. O. L. DREW. 
8. \V. Johnson, Director. 
Quarterly Report of the Chief of the Bu¬ 
reau of Statistics, showing imports and exports 
of the U. B., and other statistics relative to the 
trade aud industry of the country, for the three 
months ended Dec. 31, 1877. Also for the cor¬ 
responding quarter of the year immediately pre¬ 
ceding. 
Eighteenth Annual Exhibition. List of pre¬ 
miums for the Oregon State Fair, at fair 
grounds, near Salem, commencing Thursday, 
October 10, 1878, continuing until Oct. 18 ; and 
the programme, rules and regulations of the 
same—reports of Committees and of the Secre¬ 
tary aud Treasurer for 1877. 
T im Annual Meeting of the American Associ¬ 
ation of Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists, 
will be held at Rochester, N. Y., Juno 19th to 
21st- Headquarters at Oshurn House. For 
particulars in regard to special rates, etc., ad¬ 
dress the Secretary, D. W. Scott, Galena, Ill., 
or T. S. Hubbard, Fredonia, .N. Y., Chairman 
Executive Committee. 
Tue Hessian Flv. A very interesting lecture 
by Prof. A. J. Cook of tho Mioh. Ag’l. College. 
Delivered at Farmers’ Institute, at Paw Paw and 
Climax, Mich. It is sent pre-paid by mail for 
10 cents, the coBt of publishing aud mailing. 
Catalogue N. Y. State] Agricultural Sooiety. 
List of premiums aud regulations for the Thirty- 
eighth Annual Fair to be held at Elmira Sept. 
9—18. Eutries oIobo August 10. 
Sheep Husbandry in the South. Prepared 
at the request of the Hon. Alexander H. Ste¬ 
phens, of Georgia, and others. By John L. 
Hayes. 
List of Wild Plants of Now England furnished 
by mail, post-paid, by Erastus S. Wheeler, 
Berlin, Mass. 
Proceedings, Essays aud Discussions before 
the Kentucky Hurt. Soo., for the years 1877-’8. 
Transactions of the N. Y. State Agricultural 
Society 1872 to 1876 ; 532 pages. 
American Veterinary College. Fourth An¬ 
nual Announcement. 
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TO MAKE APPLE TREES BE \R. 
We received the clock you sent yesterday, aud 
return you our thanks for so nice a present. We 
would not sell it for the price of the Rural and 
“ Cricket ” if we could not get another. We set 
it going, and find it keeps exact time with our 
other clock, which is one of tho best. H. .t. w. 
Camden, N. Y„ June 12. 
I have only to repeat what so many have al¬ 
ready said, that the “ Cricket" is the most 
valuable present ever sent out for so small 
a sum, and, in connection with what we judge, 
the best family paper in the world. The Rural 
grows better every week. c. a. b. 
Cincinnati, Ohio. 
“Cricket” to hand far exceeds our expecta¬ 
tions. It has had some pretty rough usuageat the 
bauds of the children, but neither the fall Johnny 
gave it nor the soaking baby treated it to, seems 
to have in any way impaired itB usefulness. It’s 
the most accurate time-piece I ever owned. 
Blue Grass Co*, Ky. m- j. 
I now return you my thanks for the “lively 
Cricket.” Wishing to test its quality as a reliable 
time-keeper, I have delayed acknowledging its 
receipt. I will now say that the clock came to 
baud all right, that with a slight touch of the 
regulator it now keeps good time, [and moves 
lively and true. I thank you for this valuable 
present. J- b. g. 
Columbia, Pa., May 30th, 1878. 
As I see the “ Crioket" clock premium is to be 
withdrawn July 1st, I hasten to send for one 
more. As 1 understand it, the enolosed two 
names for six months each with the accompany¬ 
ing if3.50, entitle me to the clock. If I am mis¬ 
taken, please correct me. The first clock I got 
was for two new subscribers and $5. That one 
has boon very much admired, and as soon as I 
receive tho second, I shall accept an offer I have 
had to sell it for $3.50. J. m. l. 
Screven Co., Ga. 
We frequently see statements in the papers of 
inquirios if there is any way of making apple 
trees bear fruit on alternate years or every year. 
Many years ago, a friend of mine had a dozen 
apple trees that were bearing heavy crops every 
other year. He wished to have fruit every year, 
bo he took a very long pole—the trees were largo 
—aud gave thorn a heavy beating on one side, or 
half of the tree, just as the fruit was about the 
size of hickory nuts, kuocking off every fruit 
on tho south sido of his trees. Tho result was, 
as I saw for a number of years, that these trees 
bore heavy crops ou oue side one year, aud the 
next year a heavy crop on the other side, so that 
for mauy years he had plenty of apples for home 
use every year. His trees Btood in a rich soil 
that was annually cultivated—no grass-sod to 
cover tho roots. It is now about time to try the 
experiment. d. b. a. 
A week’s trial has removed all doubt in the 
mind of the most dubious Thomas in this family 
about the punotual qualities of the “ Cricket.” 
It’s always on time, not to tho hour,—nor even 
to the minute—well, say to the half minute. I 
Bhall send for one more certainly, probably for 
two, and possibly for more before tho cud of the 
month. By the way, if my order is mailed here 
before July 1st, but reaches the Rural offioe 
after that date, Bhall I fail of getting the Crioket 
as a premium ? [No.— Eds.] w. l. m. 
Milton, Florida, June 3d. 
MANAGEMENT OF PIGS IN SUMMER. 
E. W. STEWART. 
After a journey of about 2,000 miles, the 
Rural “Crioket” came to its now home here, 
nine days ago. Its long jaunt had slightly 
demoralized it on its arrival, but a little petting 
soon set it to rights, and now it correctly counts 
each passing second in a loud though cheerful 
tone. It looks so bright and handsome that one 
might readily imagino it has but little apprecia¬ 
tion of the gravity of the lesson it is teaching 
with regard to tho transitory nature of timo and 
all things temporal. Many thanks, however, 
for tho little preacher which is much more use¬ 
ful than many folks hereabouts think preaohers 
can be. f. m. o. 
Victoria, Texas, June 6th, 1S78. 
The “Crioket” clock reached me safely con- 
The mass of farmers require some very strong 
preaching upon this subject. They seem to 
think the favorable summer season juBt the 
time to keep pigs cheaply, without any expen¬ 
diture for food except the slops from the 
kitchen and a poor pasture. Their idea seems 
to be to increase the age without any regard to 
increasing the weight. They seem only desirous 
of pig frames to build on in the fall. This 
custom, almost universal until lately, of doing 
all the fattening in fall and winter, can only be 
accounted for by the fact that corn and the 
grain crops are ripened and ready for use in the 
fall, hence fall feeding was adopted for con¬ 
venience or supposed necessity, without con¬ 
sidering the strong objections to the system. 
The cost of keeping up animal heat depends 
upon the temperature. Daring tho six mouths 
from May to October, both inclusive, tho aver¬ 
age temperature ranges from 58 to 76°. and for 
the other six months from 29 to 58 s , leaving a 
difference of temperature between the two 
seasons of about 30 degrees aud the animal 
heat remains throughout the year the same, or 
100 degrees. The animal must thus eat extra 
food sufficient in the cold season to overcome 
this large difference in temperature before any 
gain can be produced. Now, it will be seen that 
the difference between the average temperature 
of the air and blood-heat is twice as great in the 
cold as in the warm half of the year, and it will 
therefore require twice the food of respiration 
or heat production in the cold as in the warm 
season. 
Experiments have shown that in very oold 
weather hogs would gain nothing upon the best 
feeding, if exposed to the open air. And this 
extra food required to keep up animal heat is 
all thrown away as compared with feeding in 
the warm season. It is quite below the fact to 
say that it takes 25 per cent, more food as a 
general rule, to produce 100 pounds gain in 
winter than in summer, unless the winter- 
feedings done in warm, well ventilated penB. 
It is most important that farmers should make 
the most of all their resources, and now, more 
especially, when farm products are so low. A 
farmer of the better class, who can make ten 
pounds of pork from a bushel of corn wheu the 
temperature averages 60 to 70 degrees, will find 
it more difficult to make 7K pounds when the 
temperature is at an average of 40 degrees. 
From these facts it must bo ovident that the 
principal feeding should bo done in the warm 
season. I would not adviso feeding wholly upon 
grain, for the hog is a grass-eating animal, and 
it is doing violeuoo to its nature to keep it 
wholly upon concentrated food. Many of the 
ills that swine “ tlosh is heir to ” I think are 
caused by nogleotiug to feed sufficient fibrous 
food. Pigs Bhould either have a good pasture 
or bo fed clover and other green food in the 
peu. 
When a pasture is not convenient, pigs may 
be soiled very profitably. An excellent way of 
feeding them in summer is to run green clover 
through a straw-cutter and mix an equal bulk 
of clover and corn meal together and allow it lie 
for 12 to 24 hours. The meal will absorb tho 
moisture of the clover, swell and become 
softened, while both will so adhere as to be 
eaten together. From considerable experience 
in feeding after this method, I find the pigs 
ERANTHIS. 
In quick succession after the Snowdrop, the 
earliest of vernal flowering bulbs, we find the 
Erauthis hyemalis in fnil bloom, with its wealth 
of golden blossoms. This is one of the prettiest 
as well as the hardiest of the dwarf spring- 
bloomers, thriving in any and all situations. 
It is one of the most valuable plants we have. 
In many situations the Snowdrop and Crocus 
will fail entirely, while in all such places the 
Erauthis can be planted with the certainty of a 
liberal reward of flowers. It is of a very dwarf 
habit; but for massing, or bordering beds it is 
splendid. A small bed planted very thickly— 
and whenever it is used it should be planted 
closely—will be one of the most attractive plots 
in a garden. The flowerB are a very bright 
yellow and can be seen from quite a distance. 
The Eranthis is known as the Winter Aconite. 
IXIAS. 
The Ixia, belonging to the large family of the 
Irideie or Cape Irids, is one of the most showy 
and brilliant of bulbous flowers in cultivation. 
In the Northern States they have to be grown in 
the house or conservatory; in the Southern 
States and in California, they grow in the open 
border with as little care as the Gladioli!. 
In planting, in the two latter olimates, having 
selected a situation with a southern aspect, 
where the land is a light sandy loam, make the 
soil rich by the addition of well-decayed stable 
manure, well incorporated; plant the bulbs in 
rows, having the rows ten inohes apart. The 
bulbs should be set four inches apart in the 
rows j they may be set closer bnt they will not 
develop as well. Plant them two and a-half 
inches deep, making tho soil firm around them. 
Water muBt be given freely when the flower 
bads appear; and, until after the buds and 
flowers are fully developed, tbe soil must not be 
suffered to get dry. It these directions are 
followed the Ixia will give to the planter more 
satisfaction than a Lily. 
POT CULTURE. 
In potting the Ixia, the same general treat¬ 
ment will be found satisfactory in all climates. 
Six-inch pots, containing five bulbs, will give 
the best satisfaction. The bulbs should be 
planted during October and November, that a 
succession may be maintained for mauy weeks. 
Fill the pots as follows: Plaoe in the bottom 
■ for drainage, a piece of potsherd laying over it 
an inch of coarse charcoal, then an inch of com¬ 
mon sandy soil, over which an inch of well-de¬ 
cayed stable manure should be placed ; then fill 
up the pot with equal portions of sand and leaf- 
mold or very light, rich loam. Plant the bulbs 
an inch deep in the pots, the soil being well 
pressed around them. Water freely and set the 
pots in a dark but warm situation. 
After the plants appear above the soil, re¬ 
move to the window or conservatory. They 
should be watered freely when coming into 
bloom and a few days before the blossoms open 
water with weak liquid mauure. The flowers of 
the Ixia are very pretty and curious, nearly all 
the varieties having two or more colors repre¬ 
sented in each flower. 
Daring tho last few years, the Ixia has under¬ 
gone such wonderful changes in the hands of 
European cultivators that its old character has 
been entirely changed. The new hybrids are 
characterized by very large, numerous aud 
highly-colored flowers, which have only to be 
Been to be fully appreciated. 
El Dorado, Cal. 
.-♦-*-*- 
Ficus Elastica.— There are very f6w plants, 
cultivated for foliage alone, that answer so well 
for tropical beds ont-of-doora daring the warm 
season, and for sitting rooms during the season 
of frost, as Ficus elastica. A tree six feet high, 
may be kept .in a pot ten inches in diameter. 
