JUNE 29 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
NOTES FBOM THE BUBAL GROUNDS. 
DWARF PEARS. 
Much difference of opinion exists as to the 
relative length of life as between Standard and 
Dwarf Pears. Some think, if well attended to, 
dwarfs will livo rr Irng as standards—others, 
that they are too short-lived to be worth 
cultivation at all. Wo began pear culture with a 
leaning towards the lattor belief, hut experience 
has taught us that the truth lies between the 
two. tf now we were obliged to give up the one 
or the other for home culture, it would be the 
standard, for this reason if for no other: One 
must wait, under the most favorable circum¬ 
stances, at least six years for it to fruit. If then 
or before, the trees sre destroyed by the diseases 
which every year seem more numerous and de¬ 
structive, oue is tempted to relinquish pear cul¬ 
ture, or, at leaHt, not to replace the destroyed 
trees rather than again wait so long a time for 
fruit. The dwarr (many varieties at least,) will 
bear as much fruit the seoond year as the aver¬ 
age of standards will bear the sixth year. They 
are no more liable to diseases, and, if well cared 
for, washed periodically with potash, lime, etc., 
and not permitted to ruin themselves by overbear¬ 
ing, will live and thrive for ten years at least. To 
replace a dwarf pear seems, and is, a smaller 
matter than to replace a standard. The roots of 
quince do not spread so far—the tree itself 
never occupies half the space. We may throw 
out an old dwarf and put in its plane a young one, 
and scarcely know of the change, while the re¬ 
placement of a standard is felt for several years. 
That a Dwarf Poar should bo shorter-lived than 
a Standard is quite in accord with nature. It is 
the prise we pay for obtaining fruit earlier than 
we would otherwise, and for obtaining a larger 
quantity in a given space. Do these benefits 
pay us for Die sacrifice ? A tree, like an animal, 
grows on through youth until it roaches puber¬ 
ty-maturity. The vigor which induced the 
growth of youth ceases not with fruitfulness. 
With fruitfulness the vigor of the tree finds 
another way of expending itself. Whereas pre¬ 
viously it was all concentrated upon the produc¬ 
tion of new leaves and shoots, and the enlarge¬ 
ment of the older stems, it now finds there is 
something else to support. The same energy 
exists, lint from now on it must ho distributed. 
Fruit-hearing is the new function of the tree 
that is passing from youth to age. Its life of 
indolence and unproductiveness is at an ond. It 
has henceforth to work for its living. As it 
sprang from good seed—as it was well reared, so 
it will be vigorous iu health and prove fruitful 
of its kind until the end of its natural existence. 
Can wo preserve these good qualities, and yet, 
by the skill of man, effect an earlier maturity ? 
All, no! What we gain iu a forced maturity wo 
lose iu an earlier decay. It is adding a slice on 
boro that is cut off there. The most that we can 
do with Nature is to twist her so that she shall 
be more rosponsivo to our immediate wants. 
Nature has a lenient way of letting wiso 
Man do this—though she waruB him of the 
heaps of trouble he is piling up for himself iii 
tho future, or for future generations. When 
those evils come iu the ehapo of blighted trees, 
Bhe leaves him to find a remedy. Perhaps what 
is understood by “a refined civilization" might 
thence learu tho lesson that it is not half what 
it seks itself up to be, and that it is largely made 
up of cutting off slices here to add them on 
there, and by twisting nature to Its present mods, 
regardless of what it all may load to in distant 
years to come. Among the necessities of a 
*' refiued civilization," we regard the Dwarf Pear 
as ouo. 
TIME TO TRANSPLANT EVERGREENS. 
“ We forgot this spring that evergreens must 
never be transplanted until after the sap is 
started and is in full tlow, if you want them to 
do well. So, early iu the spring before the frost 
was fairly out of tho ground, we transplanted a 
native Spruce, and now it is dead. It had plenty 
of roots and they were not frozen, and it was 
well eet.”—F. D. Curtis in Agricultural Tribune. 
We remember once to have transplanted 
twelve Hemlocks so early in the spring that all 
the roots below eighteen inches, were cutoff and 
left in the frozen ground. They wero not loss 
than five feet high, and were taken from nur¬ 
sery rows. On another occasion we transplanted 
Hemlocks during a mild spell in February. Not 
one of them was injured in the least. On the 
first occasion we also transplanted Sprnoe, Bal¬ 
sam, Austrian and Hootch ' Pine, without in¬ 
jury. Borne of tho Pines were from seven to 
eight feet high. Wo have repeatedly trans¬ 
planted specimen lots of hardy evergreens, a 
dozon to fifty of various varieties of the above, 
and our buocobs has been so unexceptional 
that we would prefer early spring to any other sea¬ 
son. We remember on one occasion that, though 
the frost was out of the ground, the earth was 
so saturated that water stood iu the holes, and 
tho trees, though small, had to bo propped up to 
prevent them from falling over iu the puddle of 
mud. We have known arbor-vitie hedge plants, 
and many other evergreens in large quantities, 
transplanted iu August and all live. In other 
years we have known nearly all to die. We sup¬ 
posed in the former instance they owed their 
preservation to a showery August, and in the 
latter their death to a dry August. If such 
plants are taken up in sunnwr without balls of 
earfh, and shipped to auy distance, the chances 
are all against success. Iu early spring, it seems 
to us there are no chances whatever of failure, 
if ouly the roots bo kept moist and protected 
from drying or frosty winds, to which the roots 
of evergreens, and Hemlocks especially, are 
very sensitive. 
OUR PREPARATION FOR INSECTS. 
We have referred more than once, though 
somewhat indefinitely, to a mixture of coal ashes, 
Ac., which we have been using during this season 
as a protection against many cf our plant pests. 
Its use has been so effectual with us—it has saved 
us so much vexation and trouble as compared 
with other mixtures or measures which wo have 
used or adopted in past seasons, that wo urge 
our readers and friends to give it a trial. First, 
sift ashes enough through an ordinary ash-sifter 
to make a bushel of sifted sshes. Next, paBS 
theso through a flour-sievo, and thoroughly mix 
therewith one pound of pulverized aloes, one 
pound of hellebore, and one pound of flour of 
sulphur. Put tho mixture into au open box and 
place it beside the range until every particle of 
moisture is dried out of the entire mass. It is 
now ready to ho used ; and early in Die morning, 
while Die dew is fresh upon the leaves, and there 
is no air stirring, is tho host time to do so. The 
mixture will now ho found so fine, so light and 
fluffy, that a thimbleful thrown up among the 
leaveB will surprise one with its bnoyaucy, and 
the space through which it may bo seen to float, 
and the number of leaves upon which it finally 
settles. It envelopes every part of the leaf, 
potiolo, twigH and brandies like a vapor, and at 
length,impingGB, as it wore, upon them as vapor 
would upon an ice-cold plate of glass. We have 
tried it upon grape-vines, rose-bushes, various 
shrubs, vines and fruit trees infested with aph¬ 
ides and slugs. We have dusted it over peas, 
corn, tomatoes, melons, etc., and the plants so 
ducted wore seldom cut off by the cut worm. Wo 
have dusted it upon two'plum trees, as needed, 
and the plums, save one, are at this time fair and 
sound. A pint will amply suffice for a tree ten 
feet in bight, and the topmost leaves may he 
reached by tossing it up from the hand, or any 
littlo handled cup or spoon. A bushel of the 
mixture will suffice, we think, for our grounds 
this entire season, though insect pests were 
never so numerous. Does it kill them ? We do 
not know, and do not much care. We have lit¬ 
tle faith in tho ability of man to exterminate any 
race of such minute insects, thousands of which 
are born while he is killing oue. To exterminate 
those upon his own grounds one season is littlo 
less than a measure of prevention—they will be 
just as numerous the next. 
It may be said there is nothing new in tho 
above ; but wo think there is. The novelty con¬ 
sists in the fiuonosB of the preparation, and its 
being perfectly dry, whioh rendor ita application 
far more easy and thorough. Soot, ashes of to¬ 
bacco, and a dozen other nauseous powders may 
bo added as one may chooso, no doubt with 
good i ffoot. Wo shall know more about it from 
further experiment. Wo have learnt a little of 
value, and hasten to place that littlo beforo our 
readers. 
NOTES. 
Among the many new things which we try 
from season to Beason, it is seldom we have to 
report upon one that is really a decided improve¬ 
ment upon old varieDes. 
In tho way of 'peas, American Wonder is au 
improvement, in its way, upon anything we have 
previously tried. Tho vines grow about four¬ 
teen iucheH high, aud are vigorous, strong and 
prolific. The pods are about the size of Phila¬ 
delphia, well filled, averaging five seeds, whioh 
are very tender and sweet. It ripens with Early 
Dan O’ltonrko, Carter’s First Crop, Laxton’s 
Alpha, Ac. Until a little later in the season, we 
come to McLean’s LitDe Gem ; we prefer this 
variety to anything we have yet tested. B. K. 
Bliss A Hons are the first to Bend out this pea. 
We Hhali have a few grapes in spite of the 
frost already often alluded to. It was taken for 
granted that the fruit buds whioh wero destroyed 
would not bo followed this season by other fruit 
shoots. Of course, buds which push from the 
now growth which wrh only harmed (not killed) 
by the frost, bear no fruit buds, hut those which 
have einoe pushed from last year's canes do— 
and it is from theso last we shall have a hunch 
here and there. 
Tho standard gooseberries (worked on Mis¬ 
souri enrrant stock) so muoh talked of for the 
past, two years, are crowded with fruit, aud the 
fruit are crowded with mildew. 
ROSES. 
Among a lot of beautiful now French Hoses, 
with which we wore presented by the firm whose 
name one of the varieties bears, is “ Dingee 
Conard,” thus named by Eugenic Vkhdier of 
Paris, in honor of the well-known Hose-growers 
of West Grove, Pa. 
The flower is of goodly size, the potals are 
large and nnfold with that sort of airy beauty 
that gives to a full rose-bud its indesoriliable 
charm. The color is a deep scarlet, suffused 
with a changeable violet-blush, and we could 
wish, as a result of reading this note, that 
“ Dingee Conard ” might find a welcomo home 
in the gardens of our readers. 
Bergen Co., N. J. 
-♦ » ♦ —-■ 
NOTES FROM THE RURAL FARM. 
Queens Co„ L. I., June 19. 
Beans, melons, etc., were frozen entirely, and 
the seoond sowing is just making an appearance. 
There are six acres of Clawson Wheat. Heads 
will averago three and a half inches—the straw, 
live feet. Manured with barn-yard manure only. 
LaBt year 400 pounds of bone-dust were drilled in 
with oats. The year before tho field was in 
ooni, manured with barn-yard manure only. 
There are six acres of corn manured with 1,400 
pounds of MarEa' Com Manure, the plants, 
four feet apart each way, and four plants to a 
hill. 
Six plots of corn aro sown with different ma¬ 
nures. 
No. 1.—Stable and barn-yard manuro in the 
hill only. The plants average 14 inches in bight 
at this time. 
No. 2.—Maces’ Grass and Grain Spring Top- 
Dressing. Plants not so tall—loaves not bo broad 
or deeply-green as No. 1. 
No. 3. —Bone flour. This plot is doiDg well, 
but inferior to No. 1. 
No. 4 —Mai’ks’ Complete Manure. This is 
not so tall or vigorous as either No. 1, 2, or 3. 
No. 5.—No manure. This is the poorest. 
No. 0.—This looks tho best, with the excep¬ 
tion of plot No. 1. Maces' Complete Manuro. 
All of the above sown May 8, 
SPRING WHEAT. 
The manure used ou all of the following plots 
was tho grain Spring top-dressing above referred 
to: 
Plot No. 1.—Spring Mediterranean. First to 
head. Heads average four inches. 
No. 2.—White Spring Russian, (beardless). 
Heads average four inches. 
No. 3.—China Spring Wboat (boarded). Av¬ 
erages four and a half inches. Resembles Medi¬ 
terranean in all respects, except it is longer 
bearded. 
No. 4 .—Puinole’s Now Hybrid Spring Wheat 
Defiance. (B. IC. Bliss). This is a curiosity. 
The stems are the largest we have over seeu— 
tho leaves very broad. It is not so tall as any 
of the others, except Champlain. Heads will, at 
this time, average four and a half inches. It 
would seem impossible for this grain to lodge. 
Not bearded. Highly vigorous aud promising. 
No. 5.— PiiiNaLE's New Hybrid Spring Wheat 
Champlain. Leaf not bo broad. Straw not so 
heavy. Not so far advanced as Defiance. 
VARIOUS. 
Wo have five acres of timothy and clover 
which will out three tons to the aore. Stable 
aud barn-yard manure only. This crop is every¬ 
where heavy iu this section of oountry. 
Ilarlequiu potatoes (Bliss) most injured by 
frost. Vines are now six inohes high, aud the 
leaves are prettily variegated with yellowish 
white. 
Further notes crowded out of this issue. 
-*_*_♦- 
NOTES FROM OUTAGAMIE CO., WIS. 
Winter wheat, which is sown extensively in 
the timbered portions of tho State, promises 
now to ho tho best crop we have had for years. 
It stands th'ek and strong and is heading out 
finely. More wheat was sown this spring than 
usual. The grouud was iu good order aud it 
was sown early; the prospect now is for a big 
crop. Outs and barley wero damaged more or 
Icbs by tho heavy rains which oame directly after 
seeding. Still wo hope to harvest an average 
crop. Corn has come up well, and is ready for 
a start as soon as the weather gets a little 
warmer. Theso oool days aud nights are splen¬ 
did for the wheat, so we do not oemplain. 
The potato beetle is hero in force as usual, so 
those who raise good potaioeH will have to fight 
for them. 
The rainy, oool weather which we have been 
haviug lately, has gi veu pastures and meadows 
such a Btart that we may reasonably expoot hay 
and feed in abundanoe. The May frosts have 
thinned tho frnit blossoms quite freely, still wo 
have a fair prospect of au abundance of apples 
and small fruits. Among the latter the wild 
blackberry whioh grows freely in this part of the 
Btate, fills quite an important place in the list. 
Its trashes are literally white with blossoms now. 
Butter and oheose make up quite an item in our 
farm productions, as do also beef, pork, mutton 
and wool, l’rices of most kinds of farm prod¬ 
ucts aro low, but onr farmers hope that we have 
about “ touched bottom,” and we still livo. 
Juneio. John hustious. 
-♦♦♦- 
RURAL SPECIAL REPORTS. 
Oneida Reservation, Wls. 
The Oneida Indians were removed to this 
Reservation from Oneida, N. Y., by tho U. 8. 
Government, some 95 or more years ago. The 
Reservation lies a littlo back from Fox River, iu 
Outagamie and Browu Go’s. Tho Indians num¬ 
ber from twelvo to fifteen hundred, all told. The 
Reservation contains some three or four town¬ 
ships of excellent land, a part of which is 
divided up into small farms, the unoccupied 
part being timbered, is held in common. Whites 
are not allowed to buy these lands, hut the 
aborigines sell aud trade among themselveB just 
as other folks do. They have mauy good farms 
and farm buildings, comparing favorably with 
those of their white neighbors. 
They have their Chiefs and their Councils, 
make and enforce thoir own laws. They have 
two mission churohos and schools, tho Methodist 
and Episcopal Church each having a missionary 
stationed among them. Many of the men go 
into the pineries in the winter, and some work 
among tho neighboring fanners during tho 
summer, chopping, olearing land, splitting rails, 
Ao. The women are exports at making baskets 
which they sell in the towns around. In thoir 
season they pick and Bell largo quantities of 
wild blackberries which grow in abundance on 
the lands ou which the timber has been cut, and 
which have afterwards been burned over. They 
never beg : a majority of them are honest, sober 
and industrious. They have lately petitioned 
the Government to admit them to fnll citizen¬ 
ship. E. N. 
Randolvii, Vt., June 14,1878. 
We have just had a most refreshing rain, 
which was precisely what was needed; for the 
winds and drought of the past three weeks, had 
loft the earth in a very dry and parched condi¬ 
tion. Grass is quite light in some localities 
baviDg no thlokness at the bottom. Tho potato 
hug made its advent in countleBs numbers, the 
last week; and a summer crusade is in prospeot 
for farmers. Grain is lookiug well, but corn 
and beans took a severe chill on the night of tho 
6th inst., that left them rather pale. On the 
streams, and in the valleys, it frozo everything, 
but the hills wore not much affected, although 
it was very cold, hut tho winds kept the frost 
away. Prices for produce are still low. Pota¬ 
toes, 25 cents per bushel; oorn, 56 cents pier 
bUBhel; oats, 30 cents; butter as low as 12 or 14 
cents per pound. Tho large dairies send their 
butter direct to market, and reoeivo from 15 to 
18 cents, according to quality. The last four 
weeks have been very oool, with the exception of 
an occasional warm day. s. n. r. 
El Dorado Co., Cal., June 10. 
We are huving a spell of very peculiar 
weather; one day will be very warm, above 
100°; Dio next day will be cool and cloudy; the 
morning will open bright and clear and con¬ 
tinue so until porhapH two or three r. m., when 
oloude will suddenly gather fierce and blaok. It 
is just such weather as portends an earthquake. 
I would not bo a particle surprised if there were 
a disturbance of somo kind soon. It is very try¬ 
ing on plants. They have been burned badly 
already by the sun, au occurrence whioh, in spite 
of the dry year, did not occur last season, but 
altogether wo aro having a magnificent spring 
and summer, and wore It not for the peculiar 
changes in the weather everything is fine. 
The frnit crop will be up to all expectations : 
tho treos are bending low already under their 
loadB. I do not remember a season when cherries 
wore so plentiful—26 oents a gallon and loss, are 
all they fetch the grower, but then tho trees are 
so thickly covered, it pays. I wish you had a 
basketful of our Blaok Tartarian cherries ; they 
are magnificent. Wm. O. L. Drew. 
Douglas Co., III., June 16, 1878. 
When I began to take the Rural, I soon saw 
I must do better work, have better tools, raise 
better sorts of vegetables, in Bhort, there must 
he an improvement all around, if the paper was 
to he any help to me. Accordingly) l began the 
improvements. I soon saw two liuo cars of corn 
growing where before one “ nubbin " grew. A 
ten-dollar rooster's oriental notes now peal forth 
where the cholera-stricken “ dung-hill,” moped 
about. Hens that once wero laying eggs ouly 
at this season of tho year, whou eggs are worth 
merely fonr to seven cents per dozen, aro 
now replaced by hens whoso eye to profit prompts 
them to ‘‘hold on” till next winter, when eggs 
will be twenty-five eents per dozen. 
Now, if this is boasting, it is ouly boasting of 
what the Rural can do for a uogligent, lazy 
man. a. c. w. 
Whitney’s Point, N, Y., June 18., 1878. 
This month has been wet and cold. The 
prospects aro that tho hay crop will bo light. 
Wheat looks well; oorn is small for the time of 
year and tho length of time planted ; pot toes 
look fine; hugs plentiful; pastures are good ; 
dairymen aro making more butter than usual for 
the time of year. Butter, 15 cents; eggs, 10 
oents ; hay, £6 00@0.50 per ton; oats, 35 cents; 
potatoes, 35(«>40 cents ; hugs at a discount. 
M. B. D. 
Chautauqua Co., N. Y., June 17,1873. 
The weather for the past few weeks has been 
cold and baokward, and marked with severe 
frosts. It is warmer to-day, however, than for 
somo time, and we had a nice, warm rain yester¬ 
day. Potatoes in many plaoes were badly in¬ 
jured by frost, and it being so cold, oorn, garden 
vegetables, etc., present a Hickly appearance. 
Should it continue warm, things will take a new 
start. M. L. Dobnan. 
