THE BUBAL NEW-YORKER 
The spinning- organs are three pairs of fleshy 
appendages situated at the posterior end of the 
body. When not In use they are folded In towards 
each other, the third pair covering the second. 
The end of each of these spinners la covered with 
mlnute-Jolnted tubes. Inside the spider, and 
connected with the spinners are several bunches 
of glands, which secrete a liquid like the white of 
an egg. To form the thread this liquid Is drawn 
through the tubes, which divide It Into such small 
fibers that it dries almost Immediately on coming 
in contact with the air. The spider has the power 
of uniting these fibers Into oneor Beveral threads, 
according to tho purpose for which they are to be 
used. The thread commonly used for the web Is 
composed of hundreds of simple fibers, each spun 
through a separate tube. As the thread runs 
from t he body, it Is guided by the hind feet, which 
hold It off from contact with surrounding objects, 
until the desired point is reached, when a touch 
of the spinners fastens It securely. 
When a spider wishes to build a web sbe usually 
selects a corner, so that the structure may be at¬ 
tached on several sides. She then runB a few 
threads along the objects to which the web Is to 
be fastened, to facilitate her passage from point 
to point. Tho web Is commenced by a line or two 
across the point where the center Is to be, which 
is not usually the geometric center, but nearer 
tbe top than the bottom. Radiating lines are 
then spun from the center In all directions. 
Having finished the framework, the spider be- 
glns near the center and spins a thread spirally, 
around the web to tbe circumference, fastening 
It to each radius as It crosses. The distance be¬ 
tween the spirals varies with the size of the 
spiders, being about as far as they can reach. 
This spiral thread serves to keep the parts of the 
web lu place during the rest of the process, and 
is removed as fast as tne web Is fi nlsbed. It also 
furnishes a ready means or crossing from one ra¬ 
dius to another where they aro farthest apart. 
All the thread spun up to tills stage of the process 
Is smooth when dry, and will not adhere It 
touched with a smooth object. 
The spider having thus lormed the web, beglU3 
to put In the final circles at the outside, walking 
around on the scaffoldtug previously prepared, 
which she gradually destroys as she proceeds: 
until In the finished web only a few turns In the 
center are left. The thread of the circles last 
spun is covered with viscid globules, strung upon 
It like beads at short distances. If an Insect 
comes In contact with t he thread, It Immediately 
adheres, and ltr struggles only bring a larger part 
of Its body into contact with the web. Dust aud 
seeds also stick to tie web, so that In a single day 
It Is olten so clogged as to bo oi no farther use. 
The web also becomes torn by the struggles of 
the prey, and by wind and rain, so that It re¬ 
quires repair or renewal every night. In mending 
the web the spider usually removes all except the 
outside threads, blliug them off and rolling them 
Into a hard ball between her jaws, ao that when 
released It will drop quiokly to the ground. This 
probably gave rise to the opinion, sometimes ad¬ 
vanced, that the old web Is eaten by the spider. 
When the web Is finished she stations herself In 
tbe center, where a small circle ts left free of the 
adhesive threads. Her usual position is head 
do wri ward,with each foot on one of the radii of the 
web, and the spinners ready to fasten themselves 
by a thread at the least alarm. She often re¬ 
mains In her hole with one foot out, and resting 
on a tight thread connected with the center 
of the web, so that any vibration is quick¬ 
ly detected, ir the web be gently .touched the 
spider will rush Into the center, and face towards 
the disturbed part. She mil then jerk smartly 
several of the radii leading in that direction, to 
see If the Intruder is a living animal, ir this test 
13 followed by the expected struggle she runs out 
towards the victim, stepping as little as possible 
on the adhesive threads, seizes it In her Jaws, and 
as soon as It begins to feel the effects of the bice, 
envelopes it Into a silken covering, and hangs It 
up to suck at her leisure. In spinning this envel¬ 
ope the Insect is held and turned around mainly 
by tbe short third pair of feet, while a fiat band 
of threads Is drawn from the spinners by the hind 
pair working alternately like the hands In pull¬ 
ing a rope, and wound over It in every direction, 
so that In a few seconds It Is so covered as to be 
unable to move a limb. When a web Is shaken 
by the wind, tne spider will sometimes draw In 
all her feet toward her body, thereby tightening 
the web in every direction so that tho vibration 
is prevented. 
The contructlon of nets for catching food is not 
the only use of the tli read made by those spi¬ 
ders. They seldom move from place to place 
without spinning a line after them as they go. 
They are able by Its use to drop salely from any 
bight, and when suspended by It are carried by 
the wind across wide spaces without any exertion 
on cheli'part, except to let out the thread. The 
crevices In which they pass the winter, and the 
leisure hours of summer, are partly lined and en¬ 
closed by a coating of silk resembling that used 
lor confining captured insects. The eggs are en¬ 
closed In a cocoon of the same material, and 
there the young remain until they are strong 
enough to shift for themselves, growing to nearly 
double their size without apparent nourishment. 
Several hundred young are produced by a 
single female, but probably It Is seldom that one- 
tenth of this number over roach adult, size. 
Nearly all the spiders which we see In webs are 
females, or young. They spend most of their time 
lathe vicinity of their webs, and many, doubt¬ 
less, pass their lives within a lew yards of the 
places of their birth. The adult males are seldom 
seen building or occupying webs: they remain 
concealed during the day, aud at night wander 
about from web to web. 
When the time for the final molt arrives, both 
sexes retire to their holes and caBt off the sains 
of their entire bodies, even to the claws. This 
process obliges them to remain concealed until 
the new akin has acquired sufficient strength and 
firmness, when they again return to their webs. 
The females of some species of spiders are said to 
devour the males whenever opportunity offers, 
but 1 have never noticed that, habit In this species, 
though 1 have often seen a female cUarge upon 
an Intruding male, and chase him from her web. 
gulm*ti£cmcnti$ 
'f/rjftTZOJV 
> 3000 a; ' 
■ffl&imzs,:- ; 
JWEBS2\ 
WlSiWrh 
FARM IMPLEMENTS & SEEDS. 
Cull on or write to It. It. ALLEN &. CO., New 
York, lor whatever yon want, oj the above. 
Address 180 & 191 Water St. 
“POCKET-MONEY FOE THE YOUNG 
PEOPLE.”—No. 8. 
M. B. lUUNCE, 
STEVENS’ PATENT 
BKkBCU.LOADIMi 
SPORTING RIFLES 
3000 Engravings; 1840 Pnges Quarto. 
FOUR PACES COLORED PLATES. 
A WHOLE LIBRARY IN ITSELF. 
INVALUABLE IN ANY FAMILY, 
AND IN ANY SCHOOL. 
F or Pchools —recommended hv state punt’s of 35 
different Slates and by 50 O'dlepe. Pres’ta. 
A bout 3^.000 have been pinned tn the Public 
Schools hv hi w or by School Officer*. 
C ontains 3ft<l0 lllnrtri'tlona, nearly three timos 
ns many ns in nny other Dictionary. 
T he best FAMILY help in training children to be¬ 
come Intelligent men and women. 
S ale of Webster’s Ib '20 times as vreat as that ox 
any other scries of Diotloimries. 
Published bv C. & C. MERR 1 AM. Springfield, Mass. 
In devising ways for the boys and girls to earn 
a supply of pocket-money, the parents should en¬ 
courage each In that direction to which his or her 
natural tastes aud inclinations seem to lead. In 
a family of ten there may be no two wbo take a 
particular Interest In any one branch of farm 
operations: one will prefer the care of the poul¬ 
try, another of bees, and so on with all the differ¬ 
ent kinds of stock, garden crops, &0. Whatever 
it Is, so that It be proper and properly attended 
to, let each one follow his bent, and let none be 
left out,—even the little toddler should have a 
pair of Bantams to call Ills own. 
It were well If the poultry could be entirely 
given up to the ownership of the youngsters, 
allowing them to pay lor the feed requtred, tn 
meat and eggs for family use. 
Bees, as requiring but little capital, afford a 
source of profit, and, It closely observed, an end¬ 
less amount of information and recreation. 
Where they can be had to work on shares, a few 
hives and honey-boxes will bo all that will be re¬ 
quired for a start. The usual terms are to return 
to the owner at the year’s ODd the old stock, and 
one-half the Increase. 
Grattlng and budding can soon be learned by 
any bright boy; and more or less employment 
may be bad in any neighborhood. There Is one 
thing often forgotten, that Is, If the raw material 
is not salable on account of an over supply or 
other cause. It can bo manufactured on tbe farm, 
and the girls may very properly assist in or oven 
do all the subsequent business, after the boys 
grow the crop. The writer once knew a brother 
and sister who mode a snug little sum trom the 
manufacture of tomato catsup late la the season, 
when the price tor irosh fruit was too low to pay. 
As a rule, farmers can hardly afford to manufac¬ 
ture for their own use, rnuen less tor sale,In com¬ 
petition with the grout manufacturers. Never¬ 
theless, there are many things that will go to 
waste unless utilized in that way ; and the young 
people aro just the ones to take hold and secure 
the benefits, not only as a pecuniary matter, but 
as a lesson In economy ; also, when anything of 
the kind Is attempted, all the Information lo be 
had to the point will be searched out, and thus 
useful knowledge will be stored up for future use. 
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care from tho very best material. They are pro¬ 
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.1. .sTKVKNH & CO., 
Chicopee Kails, Muss., U. 8. A. 
RARE EVERGREENS 
IN QUANTITIES AND AS CHOICE SPECIMENS. 
8 PRCI alttes : Magnolias, Japanese Maples, 
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An immense collection of Fruit and Orna¬ 
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One of our firm makes studies for picturesque lawn 
planting, in conjunction with .1. Weidermann, au¬ 
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maps free to purchaser.-?. 
PA RM>NH <fc HONS CO. (Limited.) 
Klsscna Nurseries, Flushing, N. Y. 
BUCHAN’S 
t’rcsylic Sheep Dip. 
BUCHAN’S 
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IDKR PRKS8KH AND IJKATERH. 
Boomer & Boscujirt Press Co., Syracuse. N.Y 
(inT'I'P'nPTlCI fr,,m nervous debitity 
m I P P Hi M Pi ft n ctc ” Cftn ,e:irn ft cortain and 
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Boston privileges with delightful suburban home 
Special care of health, manners and morals of grow¬ 
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Buchan’* Cresylic Sheep Dip prevents and 
cure* tin- scab mid all parasitic diseases ot 
the skin. 
Hnchtui’s Cresylie Ointment is CERTAIN 
DEATH l«t the Screw-worm or Grub. 
For further particulars, seud for Price Lists and 
Circulars to 
KIDDER A LAIRD, S3 John St., New York. 
Drum UCD CDCF 7-Shot, revolver, with 
nCTULYCii iflCC box cartridges. Address 
J. BoWN & Son, 136 and 138 Wood St., Pittsburgh. Pa. 
Mackle’s Illustrated Catalogue ! 10,000 New Songs 
and Piano Pieces! Wholesale and Retail prices of 
Pianos, Organs, Stools, Covers, and Small 
Musical InMimmeuis. Hirings, <XC., mailed to 
any address on receipt of 3o. stamp. 
H. 8. MACltlE, Manuf’r and Publisher, 
Rochester, N. Y., Q. 8. A. 
CONCERNING SPIDERS, 
BY J. 11. iMKRTOX 
CPB ED WITH¬ 
OUT THE KNIFE 
OK Pj *N, nod posi¬ 
tively guaranteed, by Prof. 
J. M. Com ins, .315 Lox’n 
Av.,N. Y. Book sent free. 
Every young reader ot the Rural has noticed 
the round, regularly-formed spider-webs which 
often adorn the corners of fences, and the win¬ 
dows of neglected dwellings; but few, perhaps, 
have had time or patience to watch the skillful 
manner In wliloU they are constructed, or to ex¬ 
amine the apparatus by which the spider spins 
the thread out ol her own body. 
To Illustrate the habits and structure of these 
spiders, we will select one common species 
as a representative of the whole group, and con¬ 
fine our observations to it. This species, the 
Epelra vul juris, seems to be common all over the 
United States. It Is seldom found In the woods 
and fields, but fives In great numbers on garden 
fences and trellises, in barns, and on the frame¬ 
work of bridges, tho structure of which affords 
numerous crevices for concealment. When fully 
grown It Is half an Inch In length, and Its test, 
when extended, will cover a elide an Inch and a 
half In diameter. 
in sheltered places they spend most of tho time 
in their webs waiting for prey, while In situations 
exposed to the sun they watch only In the night. 
During the day, and In stormy weather, they re¬ 
main concealed in some crack or corner, near 
which, for convenience, the web Is always placed. 
In such ret rears they also pass tho winter with¬ 
out food, and only covered by a thin web of their 
own Bpinning. Like other spiders, they are fur¬ 
nished with poisonous jaws, which they attempt 
to use when disturbed, but as they can only bite 
what comes directly between their Jaws, they 
may be handled without fear. There are but few 
cases on record of a spider biting tho human 
skin. Their timid nature leads them to avoid 
danger ratner than resist it, and the common 
suspicion with which they are regarded has no 
foundation, except a want of acquaintance with 
their habits. 
If we take a spider of the kind Just described 
and turn it under-slde up, wo shall at once notice 
that the body consists of two nearly equal parts, 
connected by a slender waist. The front part 
gives origin to the organs of sense aud motion, 
while the hinder part contains the principal in¬ 
ternal organs. The most conspicuous append¬ 
ages of the body are the four pairs of legs. Im¬ 
mediately In front of these is another smaller 
pair, tho first Joints of which are flattened, so 
that they may be used as jaws, or Ups, lor 
squeezing the food. Next In front Is a pair of 
stout jaws, each of which la furnished with a 
sharp claw at the end. This claw is hollow, and 
Is pierced with a minute hole near the point. 
When tho spider bites, a drop or poison Is dis¬ 
charged through this orifice from a gland In the 
head. This quickly kills insects, and causes In¬ 
flammation of the bitten part In larger animals. 
On the front of the head are the eight eyes, four 
near together In the center, and a pair on each 
side. 
The feet of the spldere are wonderfully adapted 
for walking on the web. Each foot Is furnlshed 
with three claws, the middle one of which Is bent 
over at the end, rormlnga long finger for clinging 
to the web, or for guiding the thread In spinning. 
The outer claws are curved and toothed like a 
comb. Opposite the claws are several stiff hairs 
which are toothed like claws, aud serve as a 
thumb for the latter to shut against. 
AND SAVE THE POTATOES. 
HURE DEATH to the Colorado Potato Bug Is 
only to be had by the use of Paris Green. Prof. Cook 
mm others say that all other remedies have failed. 
EN DO USED BY A. H. FULLER, AGRI¬ 
CULTURAL EDITOR OF THE “HUN.” 
’END 10 Cents for sample of Sure Death (Pol 
j soned) Moth Tran. Five cent? per yard. 
B. ltUULMANN, LOCkport, N. Y. 
M lxed Curds. Snowflake, Damask, Ac., no 2 alike 
with name, 10c. J. Mlnkler A Co , Nassau, N.Y. 
Made by F. W. Devoe & Co., cau be relied on for tho 
ext rnnnnuon of the Potato Bug aud Cotton Worm. 
Circular on iho use of Paris Green distributed free 
on application. 
FASHIONABLE CARDS, no 2 alike, with name, 10c. 
post-paid. GEO. I. REED A CO., Nnssitu. N.Y 
Styles of Cards. J tie., or 10 Chromo Cards, 10., 
withname. Outfit 10c. .1 B.Huested,Nassau,N.Y 
Best Mixed Curds, with name, in ease, 18c., or 25 
no2altkel0c. Outfit 10c. Dowd i Co., Bristol,Ct 
For the convenience and economy of consumers of 
PAINT the well-known house of F. W. DEVOE 
A t!(). now prepare 
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cans ol one to five pounds. 
HOW TO BE 
at zAs m b ra |lift A JnOSTU* 
H CB U R Rj ® Bad furCiroularA Tcrroi 
T A P T? P. W. fiIEGI,ER(fcCO. 
DAW Philadelphia, Pa. 
I A MONTH.—Agents wanted. 36 best 
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Expcnli'H paid. Permanent employ* 
mem. tutrir«mi S. A. GRANT A CO* 
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Is UNIFORM—stiffens and finishes work always 
the same. 
