worthy Individual would meet with his deserts 
at last. It was so; success In Imitating the band¬ 
writing of bis employers and their friends ren¬ 
dered him yet more daring, and the forgery of 
cheques for large amounts at length led to his 
discovery and ultimate punishment—a punish¬ 
ment which was richly merited and thoroughly 
deserved. 
Sir Alan Vincent was never again troubled by 
any visits from hls./bizc du logis, “ the green-eyed 
monster;” never again did a doubt arise in bis 
mind as to the sweetness and truth of his wife ; 
and Cora loots up to her husband with almost 
adoring reverence and love, and her past ex¬ 
perience has only made her more humble and 
gentle. 
Marianna still flourishes; there is a charming 
little Lucie, as well as a bold, gallant, high-spirit¬ 
ed Alan, to pay a yearly visit to grandmother 
Vincent, at the Bungalow; and though no one Is 
exempt from trouble, Cora was not far wrong 
when she said of George and Lucie Leeson, as 
well as of herself and Sir Alan, that “ They lived 
happy ever after.” 
RECENT LITERATURE. 
Free Ships. The Restoration of l.he American 
Carrjinn Trade. By Jxo. Cojjman. New York: 
G. PI Putnama’ Sons. Price 25 cents. 
It Is to be regretted that people do not study 
for themselves the relative merits of “free trade" 
and "protection” Instead of relying, as many 
men do, on demagogues and partisan newspapers 
for Information on questions of such vital Import. 
Our prosperity, tts a nation depends on Intelligent 
tariff legislation, but so long as the matter is left, 
as at present, to proresslonal politicians, what 
better can be expected than that these honor¬ 
able (?) gentlemen should, to further their own 
personal ends, continue to tinker at the tariff, 
changing and modifying It, thereby causing such 
a fluctuation In values, as to seriously derange 
commercial affairs ? 
To those who deplore the loss of our carrying 
trade, the monograph under notice cannot fall to 
be of interest, and we commend It to the care¬ 
ful attention of all who desire an Intelligent ex¬ 
position of “ free trade ’’ as applied to ships. Tho 
author says, very truly: '• Whatever may be the 
arguments in favor of, or opposed to, the protec¬ 
tion of Industries under the control of oar own 
Government, none of them can apply to those 
pursued upon an area which Is the common prop¬ 
erty of the world. It la a proposition so evident 
that no words need be wasted In lie demonstra¬ 
tion, that, other things being equal, the cheapest 
and best ships, most adapted for the purpose, by 
whomsoever owned, will have preference In the 
carrying trade over the ocean. You may pile the 
duty, for Instance, on Iron, and grant bounties on 
the production of the American article If you 
please, to any extent; you may, It you choose, 
prohibit the Importation of plows, and then assess 
farmers ten times the cost or their plows for 
the benefit of the home manufacturer. You 
would undoubtedly succeed In compelling them 
to purchase American plows. They must have 
them or starve, and we should all starve likewise 
If they aid not use those protected plows to 
cultivate the soli! Indeed, In a less exaggerated 
way we are doing something very like this con¬ 
tinually under the guise of * protecting home in¬ 
dustry.’ 
*• it is a legitimate business for the advocates of 
that doctrine. If t hey believe In it they are quite 
right In ' trying it on,’ and In making the people 
at large pay as much as can possibly be got out 
of them for the benefit of a few. 
“ But fortunately they cannot build a Chinese 
wall around the country. We are necessitated to 
have Intercourse with other nations. Wo have a 
surplus of agricultural products to dispose of to 
them, which they cannot pay for unless to a cer¬ 
tain extent we take the merchandise they offer In 
exchange. The carrying trade Is the means 
whereby commerce Is conducted, and this carry¬ 
ing trade, an industry once of vastly greater Im¬ 
portance to our people than all ship-building has 
been. Is now, or ever can be. Is a business that 
Congress bas deliberately thrown Into the hands 
of Europeans, and sacrificed American ship¬ 
owners at the Instigation of American ship¬ 
builders. 
«In face of the prosperity achieved In conse¬ 
quence of the abandonment of a ruinous system 
by other nations, in face of the lamentable de¬ 
cadence its maintenance has brought upon our¬ 
selves, we JtiU persist In packing this Slndbad of 
prohibition, the worst offspring of protection, 
upon our uonfe , aua then we wonder that we alone 
make no progress!” 
• •*•««* 
“ The flags of all nations are at their peaks— 
the British, German, Dutch, Danish, Belgian, 
French—but among tbe three hundred and more 
there are only four that carry the stars and 
stripes, and these were put afloat mainly at the 
cost of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. 
Three hundred steamships, employing fifty thou¬ 
sand men earning a million and a half dollars 
monthly; these men supporting and educating 
families, and themselves becoming reserves for 
their respective countries to call upon for naval 
service In time oi war! Look at the ports from 
which these vessels wherever built, now hall, and 
which they enrich by the capital they distribute. 
Behold tho warehouses, repairing shops, found¬ 
ries. and other various industries connected with 
these enterprises, and the ship-owners engaged In 
promoting them pursuing a legitimate business. 
“ Then look at. home. First calculate the sum 
of one hundred and thirty millions of dollars that 
bas been annually paid by U3 to those foreigners 
for transporting ourselves and our merchandise. 
Then go bade in memory to the time when In the 
days of sailing ships, our packets almost monopo¬ 
lized the ocean on account of the skill of our offi¬ 
cers and seamen. 
" Reflect that, if a policy of ordinary foresight 
had prevailed in our national councils when these 
sailing ships were killed off hy Urnpp ro nat.t r.inn. of 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
the newly-invented Iron screw, their old com¬ 
manders and their noble crews would have kept 
their employment, and as they died would have 
been succeeded by men as worthy as themselves, 
adding to our revenue In time of peace, and, when 
needed, supplying a navy now maintained at an 
immense expense—God save the mark!—for the 
protection of an extinct merchant service!” 
* • * • • • « / 
“ Old things did not pass away and all things 
did not fairly become new until the discovery of 
gold In California and Australia revolutionized 
values, created universal national Intercourse, 
and by thus giving a sudden impetus to com¬ 
merce. made the carrying trade an industry of 
far greater Importance than It had ever been be¬ 
fore. 
“ At that epoch, our restrictive laws were pro¬ 
ductive of no harm to us, because It, so happened 
that most of the business of tbe scrb was done In 
wooden sailing ships, and It also happened, for¬ 
tunately for us, that we had the faculty and the 
means of constructing them belter and cheaper 
than they could be produced elsewhere. Accord¬ 
ingly our ship-yards became wonderfully active in 
supplying the demands of our ship-owners, and the 
personnel as well as the material of our merchant 
fleet being of the highest character, It was conse 
quenuyln active employment, in the ratio of 
the Increasing value of our carrying trade there 
was a corresponding decrease In that of Great 
Britain, simply because her restrictive laws, 
which were the same then as ours are now, pre¬ 
vented her people from owning such magnificent 
clippers as we were able to build, on equal terms 
with us. 
"But British statesmen were not inattentive 
to the situation. They wasted no time In appoint¬ 
ing committees to investigate the cause of the 
dtfilculty. 
“ Parliament, deputed no half dozen of Its mem¬ 
bers to spend six months In running around 
among shtp-bullders, askffig them what bounty 
they required to build clippers like the Ameri¬ 
cans, and how long It would take them to equal 
American shlp-hullders In skill, material and 
cost. 
“ But, realizing that the Interests of commerce 
and ship owning were of Infinitely greater value 
than that of mere shlp-bulldlng, they did not pro¬ 
pose to lose them, while the latter industry 
should endeavor to gain new life. Regardless of 
any such consideration as that which solely actu¬ 
ated our Investigators, Parliament at once abol¬ 
ished the prohibition to purchase foreign-built 
ships. The greatest good of the greatest number 
was the motive oj this wise derision. 
As soon as they were thus allowed to do so, 
English ship-owners ordered clippers from our 
ship-yards, and putting them Into profitable em¬ 
ploy ment under their own flag, kept on with their 
business, snaring with us the supremacy of the 
seas, which, but for the timely action of their 
government, they would Inevitably have lost. In 
this way they maintained It until there eamo a 
new ora in shlp-bulldlng, when circumstances 
becoming reversed, their mechanics were onabled 
to accomplish what ours could not, In the con¬ 
struction of Iron screw steamships. Had Con¬ 
gress then been as wise as Parliament was In 
1849, our ship-owners would, lu their turn, have 
maintained their prestige by supplying them¬ 
selves from abroad with new vehicles of com¬ 
merce they could not prooure at home, and we 
should never have heard of ‘decadence.’ Instead 
of such obviously judicious action, It has done 
nothing but condemn us year after year to on- 
forced Idleness in the name of * protection.’ So 
we have endeavored to compete with these new 
motors on the soa by moans of wooden sailing 
ships and paddle steamers, until they are of ser¬ 
vice only In our coastwise monopoly or rotting at 
the docks, If not broken up. Wc have gone on 
steadily protecting ourselves to death, aud pro¬ 
tecting England and Germany, the chief of our 
rivals, to life at our own expense of vitality. 
England's Justice to her ship-owners, which at 
first seemed harshness to her shlp-hullders, was 
eventually the means of their prosperity. It set 
them to ’finding out knowledge of witty inven¬ 
tions,’ and now they have one hundredfold the 
capital Invested ana labor employed In iron 
steamship building, more than ever found occu¬ 
pation In theli- old ship-yards.” 
* «««•-• 
"Almost immediately after the repeal of the 
British Navigation Laws the revolution In shlp- 
bulldlng to which I referred had Its commence¬ 
ment, and we have seen how British ship-owners 
avail themselves of It. Nor were they alone In 
adopting the change from sail to steam and from 
wood to Iron. Wo can remember what a large 
trade we had with Germany twenty-five years 
ago, although It was small compared with that 
of the present. At that time it was chiefly con¬ 
ducted in American vessels. But when iron 
steamships came into vogue, wooden vessels, both 
American and German, were abandoned- It we 
had been permitted to do so, we should have still 
kept the greater part of that important, carrying 
trade In our hands. But we were Bhackled by our 
navigation laws, while the Germans were uncon¬ 
strained by any Buch Impediment. 
“ The porsomeil of our mercantile marine was, 
In every respect, superior to theirs, but it was 
consigned to annihilation by our protective gov¬ 
ernment ; while Hamburg and Bremen took their 
galliot skippers la hand and educated them to 
the responsible places they now fill In ooramand 
of the splendid lines of iron steamships, making 
their semi-weekly tripB across tho Atlantic, hav¬ 
ing absolutely monopolized the whole American 
trade! 
" Thus our government protected the Germans 
as well as the English. By citing other examples, 
we might show how the ‘fostering ’ hand of pro¬ 
tection has been extended by our government to 
every nation choosing to trade npon the necessi¬ 
ties of prohibited Americans.” 
• •••••• 
" The iron screw steamship is now the great 
and profitable carrier upon the ocean, and all we 
care to ask Is the privilege to avail ourselves of 
this 4 survival of the fittest.’ Whence then comes 
the opposition to what should be the inalienable 
right of an American citizen to own the best ship 
that he can buy with his own money ? Naturally', 
from the few iron shipbuilders lu this country.” 
• a » • t * * 
Mr. Codman concludes his essay with the fol¬ 
lowing parable: " There are two large towns on 
the opposite banks of a wide river. There is a 
constantly Increasing passenger and business em¬ 
ployment, supporting several ferries, between 
them. In former daysthe principal ferry-masters 
were an American, an Englishman, and a Gor¬ 
man. They all employed boats propelled by sails, 
and especially the first did a very profitable bus¬ 
iness. Indeed, the American was the most suc¬ 
cessful, as he and his boys bad a way of handling 
their craft much superior to either of the others. 
Each had a large family of relatives, and, natur¬ 
ally, as these relatives of theirs werewllllDg to 
work for the same wages as other people, they 
built new boats for their kindred whenever they 
were requLred. 
“ it so happened, however, that the American’s 
family built much better than the Englishman's. 
When the latter noticed that the superior craft of 
the former were better patronized by the public 
than his own, he asked tho Yankee boys ir 
they r wouldn't build some boats in their style for 
him ? * Sartaln,’ they said, ‘ It you'll pay us what 
Uncle Sammy pays for hls’n?’ ‘Aye, of course I 
wull,’ Slid Mr. Bull, ‘lor boats like yon I must 
have, or Sam will run away with all my business, 
and my famtly will starve.’ So UnOle Sam’s boys 
built the boats for Mr. Bull, and the two old gen¬ 
tlemen got on amicably, to r there was business 
enough for them both, and the Dutchman did not 
interfere with them a great deal. The few car¬ 
penters among Mr. Bull’s relations did not like 
this very well, but the old man Baid to them 
squarely, ‘Look you here, now, d’ye think I’m 
going to let fifty of my relatives stand still be¬ 
cause two or three of you, who can’t build boats 
as well as Sam’s people, are growling about It ? 
That’s not my way; I work for the good of my 
family at large. Go to work now, and see If you 
can Invent a better boat than they build ; If you 
can, I will employ you, and so will Sam.’ They 
took the old man's advice, for they saw the sense 
of It, and in a short time they studied out a craft 
superior In every respect to anything they had 
before, or that Sam had now. ‘That’s right, 
boys!' exclaimed old Bull, rubbing his hands with 
glee, • now build some of them, aud I’ll buy them 
of you, and so will Sam If he isn’t a fool.’ They 
did build some excellent boats, to which the pub¬ 
lic took at once; and everybody who wanted to 
cross the river; or to send any goods over imme¬ 
diately, gave Mr. Bull their custom. He grew 
rich suddenly, not so much trom building boats as 
from using thorn. Nobody patronized Sam's now 
old-fashioned oraft. Uncle Sam, generally sup¬ 
posed to be a * smart old fellow,’ couldn’t under¬ 
stand It. at all. ’ It’s one ox those things that no 
lellow can find out,’he said, ‘ but next time we 
have a family meeting well appolut a committee 
to get at what this here ‘ decadence ’ comes from.’ 
So he appointed a committee, and they ran 
around six months among the carpenters of the 
family, and came back with a report that • Where¬ 
as, a few years ago, during a family row, a lot of 
old ferry-boats had been stolen by or sold to Mr. 
Bull, this had kilted boat-bulldlog ever since; 
and It always would be dead until every one of 
tbe family put their hands In their pockets and 
supported the carpenters till they had learned to 
build Just such boats as Bull was using.’ In tho 
meantime It may be remarked that the Dutch¬ 
man had got Bull’s boys to build some new boats 
for him, and he was now doing a better business 
than he had ever done berore. Uncle Sam looked 
on and observed,* By jingo, this here’s a tlx j I’ve 
asked my family to hand over tne cash to support 
these carpenters of mine, and they preemptorlly 
refuse to do so. well, never mind what, and now 
that whole raft of boys, who were earning money 
for me on the ferry, are digging clams or gone to 
farming, and when I want to go across the river I 
have to go with Bull or the Dutchman, and pay 
them for it, instead of getting money for doing 
what they do, myself.’ His boys, wbo were 
thrown out of employment on the ferry, there¬ 
upon approached the old gentleman and said, 
4 Uncle Samuel, don’t you remember how, a while 
ago, when those carpenters of ours built better 
boats than Mr, Bull’s could build, the old fellow 
came to you, and asked you to let them buiid 
some for him ? I f he hadn’t got them from us his 
fellows would shortly have been high and dry, as 
we are now; but we sold them tx> him, and so he 
kept up his business on the ferry. Now, why 
don’t you do what he did, aud give us something 
to do, instead of spending your money going 
across In his boats and the Dutchman’s?’ Uncle 
Sam reared right up at this mild remonstrance. 
‘Git out,* he exclaimed, ‘you ain't no account, 
the ferry’s no account, there ain’t nothing of no 
account In this here family but just a half-a-dozen 
boat-builders. Say, Jonathan, what are you doin’ 
with that ar' jack-knife? Did you make It?’ 4 No, 
sir; I bought It of one Bull’s boys.’ 4 Well, then, 
lay it right down; 1 ain't a-goin ’ to have you 
whittle till you cam make one for yourself ,.’ And 
then the old man went off—mad 1 And in another 
sense of the word, he is still mad.” 
We have quoted thus generously from this mon¬ 
ograph, not tor the purpose of getting converts to 
the doctrine of free trade, but to Induce you, read- 
lf possible, to Interest, yourself In the question 
of tariff or no tariff. Investigate the workings of 
the opposing systems both In this country and 
abroad. Have an Intelligent reason lor your 
opinions for or against free trade, aud do not ac¬ 
cept unchallenged the conclusions of political 
leaders who never see beyond party lines, and to 
whom the success of their candidate is of infinite¬ 
ly more moment than the welfare of the country 
at large. 
JULY 6 
Between the Gates. By benjamin F. Taylor. 
Chicago: S. C. Griggs & C 
This is the brightest aud most, fascinating of 
books. Mr. Taylok not only Interests the reader 
In his narrative, he does more; by his Incompara¬ 
ble word-painting he makes his scenes and his ad¬ 
ventures so realistic that the reader veritably 
sees the mountains, woods, cities, peoples and 
situations so graphically described, and shares 
the emotions of the author. We subjoin a few 
extracts which Illustrate Mr. Taylor s claim to 
the title bestowed on him by an enthusiastic ad¬ 
mirer, tho "Raphael of writers.” 
KKOM WINTER TO SOMMER. 
" A California train Is a human museum. Here 
now, upon ours, are tne stray Governor of Vir¬ 
ginia, an army captain going to his company in 
Arizona, a trader from the Sandwich Islands, a 
woman from New Zealand, a clergyman In search 
of a pastorate, an Rival Id looking for health, a 
pair of snobs, Mongolians with tails depending 
from bBtween their ears, the proprietor of an 
Oregon salmon-fishery, a gold-digger, a man 
whose children were born In Canton while his 
wire lived In San Francisco, some Shoshones and 
dogs In the baggage car, and a family who ate by 
tbe day, breakfasted, dined, supped, lunched, 
picked and nibbled without benefit of clergy. It 
would take a chaplain In full work Just to 4 say 
grace’for that party, victuals and death were 
alike to them. Both bad * all seasons for their 
own.’ They ate straight across the continent. 
I f they continue to make grist-mills of themselves, 
crape for that family will be In order at an early 
day. 
'• At some station in the Desert where we 
halted ror water, there sat, huddled upon the 
platform, some Shoshone Indiana, about as gaudy 
and filthy as dirt and red blankets could make 
them, and papooses near enough like little Im¬ 
ages of Hindoo gods to he cousins to the whole 
mythology. One of tho squaws, with an ashen- 
gray iface and whlto hair, a forehead like a 
hawk’s, an eye like a lizard's, an arm like a gan¬ 
glion of Addle-strings, and a claw of a hand, 
looked to be a hundred years old, and her voice 
was as hollow as If she had an Inverted kettle 
for the root of her mouth, and talked under It. 
Near by, on the same platform, an Englishman 
was passing to and fro, putting down his well- 
shod feet as If he had taken the country in the 
name of the queen of ’ ome and the Empress of 
U'lndla. A Frenchman, in a round cap with a 
tassel to it, stands with the wind astern and his 
brow bent like a meditative Bonaparte, trying to 
light a twisted roll of paper In the hollow of his 
hand. Two Chinamen in blue, broad-sleeved 
blouses, their shiny black cues swinging behind 
like bell-ropes In mourning, stood near, shying 
their ebony almonds at the whole scene. On the 
track, waiting for a shake of the bridle, waited 
tbe engine, breathing a llitle louder now and 
then, like a man turning over In Ills sleep. 
"Regarded with thoughtful eyes, the grouping 
was Impressive. Here, in the Desert, as far away 
from blue water as they could possibly get, stand¬ 
ing upon the sam*? hundred square feet of plat¬ 
form, were Mongolians from pagoda-laud of the 
“ drowsy East,” aborigines from the heart of the 
continent, men from Fatherland and Motherland, 
aud the lands of the lilies, the storks, the long 
nights, the broad days and the—Interrogation- 
points, all met and mingled here for a little min¬ 
ute, and the cause of It Is the wonder of it. There 
It stands upon the track, it la number no. It Is 
the locomotive, at once a beast of burden, a royal 
charger, a civilizer and a clrcuit-rlder.” 
• «•»■»* 
SAN FRANCISCO STREET SCENES. 
" San ^Francisco! Crowned with palaces and 
dense with business houses as a redwood forest, 
six current* of lire surging along her congested 
streets t hat Jar with the endless thunder of com¬ 
merce, tour on the sidewalks and two on the cars; 
the ships of the world courtcsylng through the 
Golden Gate and sailing into the Bay like stately 
old dowagers entering the reception-room of a 
monarch. And then remember It was a desert of 
sand-dunes, Btrewn with seaweed and white 
boueB, and desolate as an old African Gold Coast 
thirty years ago, a time hardly long enough for a 
century-plant to get a good ready lor blossoming, 
and now more than three hundred thousand 
strong, It faces both ways and confronts the 
world l” 
»*«-«* 
14 street life In san Francisco Is a kaleidoscope 
that Is never at rest. There Is nothing like It on 
the continent. The flowerostands with their gor¬ 
geous array, the open-fronted alcoveB fairly heap¬ 
ed with floral beauty, as If Eve had just moved In 
and had no lime to arrange her "things”; the 
glimpses of bright color from leaf and blossom, 
that catch tho cyo everywhere, m mansion, shop 
and shed; tho bits of bouquets you boo on dray¬ 
men’s coat-collars, and blooming from broken 
cups lu tinker’s dens and smithies; smiling In 
churches In prayer-time; adorning brides with 
genuine Orange blossoms; strewing coffins with 
everlasting June. 
"Then ihe fruit-stands that are never out of 
sight, with the mosaics of beauty spread upon 
them, as if Pomona’s own self presided at the 
board. Rubles of tomatoes, plums and cherries ; 
varnished apples from Oregon, as cheeky and 
ruddy as "a flue ould Irish gentleman ’’; pears, 
peaches, apricots, nectarines, oranges, and those 
cunning LlUlputs of lemons, the limes ; strawber¬ 
ries, blackberries and raspberries, that melt at a 
touch of your tongue; fresh figs, looking like lit¬ 
tle dark leather purses, and full of seeds and 
sugar-nail these grouped upon the same broad 
table; every thing from all tho year round but 
snowballs, as It i he gilts of the soasons were con¬ 
verged. like sui.beams through a lens, upon one 
luscious Bpot of summer luxury and brilliance. 
You halt ir you are not hungry, for you have 
learned that tUe richest beauty Is not always In 
the flower. You find that fruit goes by avoirdu¬ 
pois; peaches arc In pounds and not lu pecks; 
