THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
JULY 43 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
Practical Departments: 
Jersey Herd of H. 8 . Parke, The (Illustrated).... 437 
Fat-Stock Show at Chicane—G. B. Morrow.437 
Bow Park ghort-Horn 8 n)e. 438 
Dralnuco—B. O Carpenter.438 
Hay and Hay-Making—A, M. Van Auken.438 
Fa.nn Notes—S. Hnfus Mason. 439 
Kentucky Notes— 8 . K. Hampton. 439 
Cutalojrmm, Ac., Received.. 439 
Pathlm Correspondence—Threher. 441 
Nurserymen's Convention. Proaeeding of the— 441 
Hcssinri Ely. The (Illustrated)...442 
cow-Milker, Automatic.. 442 
Fruit Drier, Thu American.442 
Feeding Younc Ducklings Gen. W. H. Noble.... 413 
Chickens and Kpgs Henry Hales. 413 
Bow to Make the Dairy Profitable—B. W. Stew¬ 
art......443 
Ornamental Water Spots in Gardens—W. C. L. 
Drew. 443 
Strawberry Blight—J. G. Rhea. 4(3 
Strawberry Notea—Nelson Hitter.443 
Everywhere : 
Garden City, Dong island—L. A. Roberts.439 
North Carolina Notes—Rev. A. W. Maugum .... 440 
Across California—Speea. 440 
Life among Farmers Iti North Carolina—Vir¬ 
ginia Durant Covington.410 
Dallas Co.. Ala. 441 
Quebec, Cnnnda.. 441 
hhermai, N. Y.„.441 
Atmoera to Correspondents: 
Rhinoceros Beetle. 412 
Churning Cream—Dr. Hoskins.442 
liaising Onions. 412 
layering Grape Vines. 442 
Miscellaneous. 442 
Domestic Economy: 
Summer Slftiugs—Annie R. Jack. 448 
Washing—May Day. 448 
Queries Answered... 418 
Markets...,.,,. 449 
Editorial PAGE: 
Farm TJnes... . 441 
New Market for Horses. A. 444 
From Another Point of View. 444 
The Outlook. ... 441 
Brevities. 414 
LITERARY : 
E£* tr 7-.445, 446, 447, 450 
“ Hang the Baby j”—Alice Gray. 446 
A Plan for the Communists. 446 
How to Keep a Piano. 446 
Americanisms. 446 
Magazine*. 44 c 
Bric.-a- Brae .. ’' ‘ * .' 447 
WhlsKv Drinking in New York. 447 
Mabel's Homily on Parlors—J. 15. McC. 447 
A Mother's Heart. 447 
Commended to Mothers, in the Interacts of the 
ClilUlreu—Busy Brains..... 447 
Reading Tor the Young : 
Pocket-Money for Young People: No. 9—Mrs. 
A Giantess. H 
"They Write too Old for their Age”. 450 
Sabbath Reading : 
Interruptions in Our Work—E. M. G. 450 
Personals.•. 4 .-, 
Newsof the Week—Herman.. 44 a 
Wit an 1 Humor...!.!.!" 452 
AdvertiBOaieuts... ..449 451 452 
THE 
RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
PUBLISHED EVERY 8ATURDAY. 
Address 
RURAL PUBLISHING CO., 
78 Duane Street, New York City. 
SATURDAY JULY 13, 1878. 
Many of our old subscribers have written to 
ns requesting that we would sell them the 
Cricket Clock. Others have complained that 
the offer (now withdrawn) was of advantage 
only to new subscribers. In order to satisfy all 
eo far as we are able to do so, we have now the 
consent of Ihe manufacturers of the clock to offer 
it to our subscribers—and to them only —until 
the 20th inst. at $1.75 each, delivered to the ex¬ 
press offioe. 
A MEW MARKET FOR HORSES. 
ing price of horses in that country at 
£77, or about $375 per head, whereas the 
statistics of our Department of Agricul¬ 
ture for 1877, show that horses between 
five and seven years old, broken to saddle 
and harness, can, on an average, be pur¬ 
chased where reared in this country— 
those 15 to 15J hands high at from $75 to 
$100, and those 15 J to 16J hands at from 
$100 to $125. 
In view of the inadequacy of the 
supply of good, sound horses in Great 
Britain, therefore, as well as of their 
comparatively high price, a company has 
been lately formed there under the patron¬ 
age of some of the highest names, civil 
and military, in the kingdom, the title of 
which—The British Horse Supply Asso¬ 
ciation—sufficiently explains its object. 
Canada and our Western States, espe¬ 
cially Kentucky and Illinois will, at least 
at the outset, be the principal points 
where purchases on account of this organ¬ 
isation, will be made. The extent the 
trade has reached in individual hands 
down to the present time, affords to the 
new company ample assurances of the 
success of its undertaking, and renders 
it highly probable that, within a short 
time, its agents will be purchasing stock 
from the practically illimitable supplies 
to be found in our markets. 
In view of the transatlantic outlet for 
this branch of agricultural industry, which 
must soon be opened either by the action 
of this company, by private effort or by 
both combined, it is of importance to our 
farmers and breeders to know the kind of 
horses that will be most in demand for 
this promising trade. The prospectus of 
the oompauy and the character of the ani¬ 
mals already purchased by the private 
individuals engaged in the business, show 
that the horses which will find the readiest 
demand at the best figures mast be large, 
powerful, well shaped, upstanding ani¬ 
mals, with good bone, substance and 
stamina, such as are suited for every 
description of work—in a word, good 
general-purpose horses. Carriage horses, 
stout saddle horses, and hunters able to 
cany weight, will also find a good mar¬ 
ket ; but the general-purpose horse, being 
alike serviceable for home use and profit¬ 
able for exportation, will be the best ani¬ 
mal our farmers can breed. 
FARM LINES. 
How many of our readers, owning 
farms outside of the districts surveyed 
by the Government, have descriptive 
maps or plots of them by whioh the 
boundary lines could be re-established if 
they should, from any cause, be de¬ 
stroyed ? It would seem that a matter so 
important would not be so often over¬ 
looked when the expense of surveying 
and plotting is so comparatively small. 
It does not require the highest degree 
of engineering skill to measure the courses 
and distances of farm bounds. Any boy, 
or girl either, of ordinary intelligence, 
can learn enough of surveying in three 
months, by giving to its study one hour 
each day, to do it correctly. No further 
knowledge of mathematics is necessary 
than is taught in any district school. 
With this and an elementary work on 
surveying, no teacher is necessary, al¬ 
though as in the case of any other study, 
a competent instructor is of great assist¬ 
ance. 
Of course there will be exceptional 
cases where the tyro would meet with ob¬ 
stacles to overcome which further knowl- 
rrr „ i-j . ., ... -wi/uox cuuu Y. 
Within the past year the exportation a competent instructor is of great assist- 
of horses from this country to Great ance. 
Britain has acquired very considerable Of course there will be exceptional 
dimensions. With only two fast excep- oases where the tyro would meet with ob- 
tions, aU the lines of steamers leaving stacles to overcome which further knowl- 
tkis P°rt for the British Isles are accus- edge of Trigonometry and Geometry 
tomed to carry over weekly shipments would be necessary, but such will not 
averaging from forty to seventy animals, often occur. An endless number of law- 
while on aU the vessels of the two 1^ suits and their attendant expenses have 
lines there are stables especially arranged grown out of misunderstandings relative 
to accommodate upwards of 10(T horses at to the proper location of division fences, 
a time. The prospect of war between to say nothing of the family feuds thereby 
England and Itussia may, of late, have engendered, which have in some cases 
given a special impetus to this branch of outlasted several generations, all of whioh 
trade; but apart, from this, the require- could easily have been avoided. No deed 
ments of business and the comparative for land should be accepted that does not 
scarcity of horses across the Atlantic, ren- contain a definite description of the prem- 
der it highly probable that, ere loDg, this ises purchased. To say it adjoins Smith’s 
country may become a large source of land on the north and that of Jones on the 
supply oi horses for the British and Con- eapt is not sufficient. The limits should 
tmental markets. Leaving war out of be accurately set down by “ metes and 
the question, England does not breed bounds the length of each line and the 
horses enough to supply her domestic bearing of each course concisely given 
wants - and the increasing use of “ tram- The point of departure, or starting place’ 
ways or street ears in the United King- should have a permanent monument, and 
dom and the Continent, must create a it is well, but not necessary, to place such 
large and growing demand. According at some or all of the angles 
m T u h there To-day a small tree, so small as to be of 
are 000 horses in the United States no value, may be growing on or near a 
agaiMt 2,76*4,000 in Great Britain, and diviaior, line tw * f„Z Fifty veare 
the newspaper press of the latter have from now that tree alone may be worth 
recently been full of comments on the I as much as an acre of land. The fence 
has decayed and been reset; if one pro¬ 
owner prove his claim ? Cases similar to 
this are often occurring. 
There seemB to be prevalent in the com¬ 
munity an idea, that if one occupies land 
and claims it as his for a certain term of 
years, without molestation, he becomes 
the legal owner of the same, or in other 
words, if he can steal his neighbor’s land 
and not be found out until after twenty 
years, the land becomes legally his. But 
this is a mistake. The possession and 
occupation for any number of years do 
not give title, unless they be accompanied 
by a claim in some recorded instrument, 
as a deed, order of court, or the like, and 
not then if the title be in minor children, 
insane or imbecile persons. 
No honest man has any inclination to 
take that which does not* belong to him, 
and no rogue should be allowed to do it. 
To guard against this, have your farm 
lines surveyed, giving the adjoining own¬ 
ers notice of your intention to do so, that 
an agreement be made that the lines shall 
be and remain as run, and have this 
agreement noted by the surveyor on his 
minute aud signed by the parties in in¬ 
terest. 
*-»4 4* 
FROM ANOTHER POINT OF VIEW. 
With the exception of a frenzied inter¬ 
val, during the riots of last summer, the 
tramp has confined himself to mild dep¬ 
redations. He has had an eye single to 
raids on the larder, and his rashness has 
rarely transgressed the limit of a fierce in¬ 
timidation of the women of the household 
after the men were afield. 
This moderation, inspired by whatever 
cause, has, in some quarters, led to a 
quasi sentiment of pity in his behalf, and 
the country has had an opportunity to 
read magazine articles fraught with a sym¬ 
pathetic view of the situation, inspired, no 
doubt,, by a philanthrophy that would 
have done the writers great credit in a 
more perfect state of society. 
The methods in vogue in Delaware for 
abating the thievish propensities of this 
nomadic class have been decried, notwith¬ 
standing the fact that the existence of the 
whipping-post has led the tramp to es¬ 
chew rambles in that State from the 
wholesome dread inspired by that con¬ 
trivance for the suppression of crime. 
Elated by an increase in numbers, or 
emboldened by the lenient maimer in 
which he has been dealt with, the tramp 
now assumes a more threatening front. 
Late advices from Ohio, report that fym- 
ers are commanded to cease from r/fing 
labor-saving machinery on pain of having 
their implements destroyed; that notices 
have been served, warning them that 
buildings as well as crops would be fired, 
were not these behests obeyed. Instances 
are reported of the actual destruction of 
mowers and reapers, and that timid agri¬ 
culturists have reverted to the primitive 
methods of the hand-scythe to secure 
ripening crops. The braver men have 
met the crisis with threats of shooting the 
first tramp that attempts to carry out the 
programme. 
Meanwhile, labor is in demand, at prices 
ranging as high as one dollar and fifty 
cents per day, with very little response to 
the offer. This is a plain demonstration 
of what has been affirmed, namely, that 
the cry of “ bread or lead ” is not sincere. 
Work is the last thing in the tramp’s list 
of wants, but it is now high time that the 
subject was taken in hand seriously, and 
that the fellow be made to feel that law 
outweighs bluster. 
The example set in Ohio, unless check- 
1 4 rn - , WKUi V7U1«7) UU1UDD UUDliH* 
edge of Trigonometry and Geometry ed, will spread rapidly, and not only en- 
would be necessary, but such will not danger the harvest, but paralyze one of 
often occur. An endless number of law- our most important manufacturing indus- 
suit8 and their attendant expenses have tries. Our laws must, indeed, be irnpo- 
grown out of misunderstandings relative tent, if they are not equal to coping with 
to the proper location of division fences, this new danger. We do not approve of 
to say nothing of the family feuds thereby the farmer taking the matter, as he would 
engendered, which have in Borne cases his revolver, in his own hand. The con- 
outlasted several generations, all of which stable and his poBse were created for 
could easily have been avoided. No deed nothing, if not to crush just such male- 
for land should be accepted that does not factors. The justification is sufficient to 
contain a definite description of the prem- warrant the wholesale arrest of tramps 
ises purchased. lo say it adjoins Smith’s wherever found. If this were done, and 
land on the north and that of Jones on the the prisoners compelled to work for their 
eagt is not sufficient. The limits should food under State or oounty supervision, 
be accurately set down by “ metes and the active intellects of the leaders would 
bounds ; the length of each line and the find little appetite for composing threat- 
bearrng of each course concisely given. ening notices. 
The point of departure, or starting place. These trampB, who are at present a 
should have a permanent monument, and waste product, could be advantageously 
it 18 WGll. lint Tint TlPHfiRRftrv fn rilonc ati/iK -- i_ _j * ^ 
employed at repairing roads and similar 
occupations of a public nature, with the 
immediate effect of relieving from such irk¬ 
some duties, those whose time and inter¬ 
ests are of more value, thereby decreasing 
the assessments on property for road and 
poor-house taxes; for it is patent that the 
tramp is supported in his idleness indi- 
ganization is efficient, they have the means 
at hand to powerfully influence legisla¬ 
tion to that end. 
Let the grangers consolidate their 
efforts, send men to the legislature with 
matured plans, enact laws that will regu¬ 
late the abuse, and teach politicians that 
there are interests more important, and a 
vote more influential to be secured, than 
can bo obtained by meeting in convention 
and passing resolutions that are a sop to 
socialistic aud communistic support,—a 
support which is shown to be, as in the 
case of the recent elections in California, 
in the nature of a boomerang, which al¬ 
ways returns to plague the party that 
uses it. 
Let there be, then, no more philander¬ 
ing, but prompt, energetic action, and 
we shall soon have the refreshing sight 
of the scales of justice weighing out the 
appropriate punishment for wrong-do¬ 
ing. 
- 4 «-4 - 
THE OUTLOOK. 
Trustworthy reports would seem to 
assure the harvesting of a fair crop. It 
is computed that we will garner more 
than three hundred and fifty million 
bushels of wheat. About thirty million 
acres will be wheat, and fifty millions corn. 
The acreage in cotton, wheat, corn and 
oats is in excess of last year’s. It is 
noteworthy that the Southern States are 
devoting a greater area to food crops than 
formerly, and that New England is in¬ 
creasing her wheat fields. 
We shall have, barring accidents, about 
seventy million bushels of wheat for ex¬ 
port, and although the price will proba¬ 
bly be lower than it would have been had 
war been declared, still everything points 
to a strong foreign demand at remunera¬ 
tive figures. 
The States of Pennsylvania, Tennessee, 
Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wis¬ 
consin, Iowa, Minnesota, Kansas, Mis¬ 
souri and California will produce four- 
fifths of the entire wheat crop, while Illi¬ 
nois, with her nine million acres of corn, 
will cortainly bear off tho palm for the 
largest acreage in this grain. 
Added to last year’s magnificent har¬ 
vest, this splendid exhibit should be most 
gratifying, and with a balance of trade in 
our favor, due almost solely to our agri¬ 
cultural products, we may surely look 
forward to a revival of business, and to 
bidding a glad farewell to one of the 
most severe and prolonged crises that has 
ever convulsed the business interests of 
this country. 
-4-4 4- 
BREVITIES. 
The Columbia College crew has been vic¬ 
torious at the Henley Regatta in England, beat¬ 
ing two picked crews from England, and one 
from Dublin. This is a great achievement in 
rowing annalB. It really begins to look as if 
there was nothing in which subjects of effete 
despotisms think they excel, that Americans 
cannot do better! 
The Woodcock 41 had he man’s reason” would 
quit the woods and meadows of New Jersey be¬ 
fore the Fonrth of July. We think, in spite of 
the terrible boat in the morning and tho rain of 
the afternoon, there is not one left to mourn 
his companions. The energy and powers of en¬ 
durance which Pourth-of-JuIy “ haulers” dis¬ 
play are worthy of a better cause. 
scarcitv and hiVli timVa nf 4 ,; -,— " ,-* pour-noose Mixes; ior u is patent that the 
male worth from *$100 to ’in beeu re8et 1 rf one pro- tramp is supported in his idleness indi- 
marketW fetch SSn 6 J chances fco be a »on-resident, and rectly at the expense of property. 
Xch cSilv leaves a hheZ ^ ^ uns . c ™P u OU8 > ^ would uot be Individual and spasmodic effort will be 
profit above the cost and risk of trarmhin JfiJ tb ® fence should be on one useless in effecting this reform, but it is 
ment The^a^icultural returns of ^ m v ® ^ W £ en b £ ftth “ of ri « btlt right be ™ the machinery of the Grange 
Ttvifoin i j * f returns of Great should be on the other. How, without deli- should be powerfully felt The subiect 
Britain for 1875 estimate the average sell- nite record of his bounds, can the rightful vitally condr^tomemand'ifthekor- 
I)r. Frank E. Beckwith has examined under 
the microscope the “ blighted” strawberry vines 
of the Messrs. Williams referred to in this jour¬ 
nal n few weeks since. He found in the cells of 
the fibrils a species of fungus belonging to the 
genus Perinospora. He thinks that high cultiva¬ 
tion may have induced a weakly condition fa¬ 
vorable to the development of this fungus. 
He calls it the “ Brown Strawberry Rust.” 
Mr. Cleveland thinks there can be no more 
mistaken and foolish economy than shallow 
draining which, in his opinion, is simply the 
abandonment of the chief advantages which can 
accrne to the soil from drainage. No person 
whose experience has been sufficient to give 
weight to his opinion, will admit that a less 
depth than three feet is worthy of consideration 
in any case, and in clay soils, or loams having a 
clay sub-soil, the advantages of a greater depth 
are so obvious and important, that it may be 
said—Bpeaking comparatively—that no man can 
afford to lay his tiles at a less depth than four 
feet. 
Notes from the Rural Farm, July 6.—A lit¬ 
tle rain would be thankfully received by the 
farmers of the South side of Long Island. Still 
nothing is suffering. Tho soil is sandy aud the 
sub-soil gravelly, so that we have never yet 
known the time that we have had too much rain 
at this season of the year. Wo need not desig¬ 
nate particular crops when all are as abundant 
as the care they have received would allow. 
Those who take oocasiou to complain merely 
show that they have not done their part of the 
work. 
Winter wheat is for tho most part cut, and 
spring wheat will be ripe enough in a few days. 
The Hold of timothy and clover, referred to a 
week or so ago, yielded three and a half tons to 
the acre. Onions, both from potato-onions (mul¬ 
tipliers), and from seedB (black), are an import¬ 
ant crop in this section of country. The former 
are ready for market—the latter are looking un¬ 
usually tine. The abundance of horse-Hies aud 
mosquitoes, together with the burning sun of 
this very hot spell, are trying alike to man and 
beast. Hoping that tho weather may grow 
a trifle cooler, we are putting off for a day or so 
the outtiug of our six acres of Clawson wheat, 
which ought, in fact, to have been out ere this. 
