524 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
AUG. 47 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
Practical Departments: 
Stone Pine, The (Illustrated)..... 517 
Notes frmu the Iiurul Grounds. 517 
Garden Walks and Talks. . 517 
Texas flort. and PomotoalCal Fair—G. M.5J8 
Culture of Hoiall Fruits-N. H. I).. 518 
California Fruit Notes SV. C. I.. Drew. 518 
Jot fluffs at Kirby Homestead-Col, F. D. Curtis.. 618 
Agriculture-Past, Present, and Future—Geo. 
Gardner. 518 
Notes from M nolo wood Farm - Hector Uertratu,. 518 
Tobacco Plant- EJ. It. Billings. 518 
Courage on the Farm, and in the SwuEuu and 
Muck Bed—Gan, VV. II. Noble.. 619 
Compost liiutp, The... 619 
Drainage. 519 
Irrigation.....520 
Benefits of exchanging Seeds—Al. if. Ilateham. . 620 
Parisian Correspondence Prof. |. p. Ruperts.. . 520 
Item ini soon cos of Rnthiimsted and Tiptree-llall 
Fartti—S. II. Parsons. 520 
What Others Say... 520 
White Houses and Green Blinds. 521 
Work for the Tioga—S. S It. ......521 
Remedy for Gapes W.li. H... 521 
Grapes. Southern Fox or Setippttrnong — D. S. 
Marvin. .. 521 
Pond Lillie* Wre Faleoner. 621 
Union Railway Hofse-l'owtir. 521 
Chautauqua Tlii-Linud Butter Package. 521 
Answers to Correspondents: 
Fistula. 522 
Solution. 522 
Cows Chewing Tlones. 623 
i A Turkey-Coek's Harem . . 522 
Rouen unn Aylesbury Ducks.522 
Ration of Indian Meal lor a Cow. 622 
Honey Locust Hedge. 623 
Easinian’s Business College. 522 
Miscellaneous. 522 
Everywhere: 
Western Notes—W. B. Derrick.622 
West Vn, Notes—D. 522 
Bloomfield. Conn. L. A. it. 522 
Huron Co., Ohio—K. L, M .523 
Clinton Place. N. V -Clinton Place. 523 
American Art-1'nlon Swindle, The. 623 
Catalogues Received... 5?3 
Intermittent Fever—Dr. Goodenongli. ... 523 
Domest ic Economy : 
Summer Sidings — Annie L. Jack. 528 
Dora os tie HeelpPB.. . 628 
Quarles Answered. 028 
MniTORiAL Page: 
National Dairy Fair. 524 
Shott-llores and Hereford*.J_.[ 524 
1 urch.'iglng va. Producing.. .324 
Hog-Cholera Commission, The. 521 
Co-operatlno in Producing and Manufacturing.. 624 
Skelotrin Leaves. 524 
Brevities. . .1524 
Literary: 
Poetry. .525,527,530 
F.uplirosyne. 525 
Some Thoughts Suggested by Geo. Macdonald's 
Stories K. F. M.5?6 
Recent Literature. 53 $ 
Brie-a-Brac. 528 
A New Move -Faith Ripley. 527 
Shoes and pinners. . .. . 527 
Items (or (" respondents - By the Editor. 677 
As You go Along—.1. K. M’0. 5'7 
Hair-Pin Rceeiver—LoretlH E. Turner..... 627 
Sweet-Smelling Toilet Hints. 5:7 
Reading /or the Toting i 
Pocket-Money for young People—No. 13—An* 
nte L. Jack. 631) 
The Beaver— Uncle True. 63(1 
f oot Ball— 8 . D . 530 
Sabbath Heading : 
Jacob'* Viston. 630 
News of the Week Herman. 528 
Markets... 529 
Personals. 531 
Wtt »n i liun.or. 532 
Advertisements.529, 631, 532 
THE 
RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY. 
Address 
RURAL PUBLISHING CO., 
78 Duane Street, New York City. 
SATURDAY AUG 17, 1878. 
We offered, some time ago, to sell the cute 
used in this Journal for ten cents the square 
inch. Many have requested us to send proofs 
of our cuts. As we have upwards of ten thou¬ 
sand, we could not undertake to do so. Persons 
wishing to purchase, must select from fileB of 
the Rural New-Yorker. 
THE NATIONAL DAIRY FAIR. 
It will be remembered that during 
the session of the American Dairy¬ 
men’s Association, at Cleveland, early 
in spring, a resolution was unanimously 
adopted authorizing a committee of eleven 
to organize a National Dairy Pair. This 
committee, selected with care, embraced 
many of the men most widely known 
throughout the country for their skill in 
the various branches of this industry. 
In March last, the members met at Utica, 
and with them, as an advisory committee, 
representative men connected with the 
business in different parts of the country, 
and together they selected this city as the 
most eligible place for holding the fair 
some time in the fall. 
At the time it was said that doubtless 
the merchants dealing in dairy products 
in New York would contribute liberally 
towards the eight or ten thousand dollars 
necessary to make the undertaking a suc¬ 
cess, and the members of the committee 
resident here have been diligently at work 
soliciting subscriptions. A fair" measure 
of success bas rewarded their efforts, and 
there is little doubt but that the needed 
sum will be raised, provided the country 
districts will subscribe their quota. 
A large proportion of the trade here, 
however, is either positively opposetl to 
the movement for a fair, or displays tow¬ 
ards it a discouraging apathy. With a 
single promiuent exception, those hostile 
or lukewarm dealers belong to the butter 
trade. The action of these, it is alleged, 
is based on the opinion that it might in¬ 
jure their business to bring the producers 
from the country into direct acquaintance 
with consumers in the city. Should this 
be substantially the ground of their con¬ 
duct, it should add one more to the nu¬ 
merous reasons dairymen have for resolv¬ 
ing to do all in their power to make this 
display of their products a grand success ; 
for a closer acquaintance of producers and 
consumers will benefit these just in pro¬ 
portion as it may lessen the profits of the 
middlemen. Moreover, by this contact 
of producers, middlemen, and consumers, 
the farmers will learn moro clearly the 
needs of the market, the relative standing 
of the different firms with which they may 
deal, aud the most profitable manner of 
making and putting up their goods. 
To accomplish this object, there will 
be ample means of instruction at the fair. 
In it there will be on exhibition speci¬ 
mens of the various kinds of cheese 
made in this country aud Europe; illus¬ 
trations of the different styles in which 
butter is put up; samples of the several 
sorts of apparatus employed in the manu¬ 
facture of both articles, with models of 
clieeBe factories and butter creameries, 
and, in a word, every thing connected 
with the dairy business that cau instruct 
the produoer or interest the general pub¬ 
lic. It is to be hoped, therefore, that 
this grand opportunity of still more 
popularizing dairy products as well as of 
impressing upon dairymen the necessity 
for still greater improvements in their 
methods and appliances, shall not be 
neglected through the backwardness of a 
part of a single subordinate interest. 
While we heartily wish success to this 
undertaking in the belief that it will af¬ 
ford many advantages to the (lairymen 
and to farmers generally throughout the 
country, we must strongly protest against 
the introduction here of one feature which 
has of late been far too prominent in most 
of the dairy conventions elsewhere. In 
a very brief time oleomargarine has be¬ 
come a powerful competitor of bn tier in 
many markets, while its use is rapidly ex¬ 
tending, and the larger the sales of this 
concoction the smaller will be those of 
the dairy produot. That it oan never 
compete successfully with first-class but¬ 
ter, of course, all concede ; but unfortu¬ 
nately all the butter made is not first- 
class, nor is it likely to be for many a day, 
and a dairy convention should be even 
more careful of the interests of the far¬ 
mers who cannot, or do not, make a prime 
article than of the interests of those whose 
product is gilt-edged, and who therefore 
stand less in need of the instruction and 
assistance of such assemblies. Now, it is 
very doubtful whether this class has been 
benefited by the discussions held at many 
recent conventions as much as they have 
been inj ured by the lavish opportunities 
afforded thereat for widely aud gratui¬ 
tously advertising the suety preparation 
which injures the sale of their product. 
It is not at all improbable that the rapid 
introduction of this article into use has 
been more promoted by the elaborate 
disquisitions upon its nature permitted 
at dairy conventions and widely circulated 
in reports of their proceedings than by 
any other means. Yet neither justice, 
usage, nor expediency requires that those 
interested in any branch of industry 
should, at meetings specially held to pro¬ 
mote their own welfare, afford, to their 
own loss, free* opportunities for pulling 
goods that come into direct competition 
with their own in the markets of the 
world. 
-— ~ - 
SHORT-HORNS AND HEREF0RD8. 
Both in this country andaoross the At¬ 
lantic, the opinion has of late years been 
gaining strength that too much weight has 
been attached by breeders of Short-horns 
to fancy strains, to the neglect of proper 
regard for the individual merits of eaoh 
ummul. Hence the euormouB price that 
has often beeu given for some animal of a 
particular family, whose conformation 
was inferior to that of a much cheaper 
Short-horn, belonging to a family less 
highly esteemed. So far has this craze 
been carried, that many excellent judges 
of stock maintain that within the last few 
years the race of Short-horns has actual¬ 
ly deteriorated instead of improving. In 
England special attention has recently 
been drawn to this subject by the tri¬ 
umph of two HerofordB over all other 
breeds, at the Bath and West of England 
Cattle Show, held at Oxford. Of ilere- 
fords there were ouly three at the fair, 
while of the Short-horns there were thir¬ 
teen of the bull class alone ; yet the Her¬ 
eford bulk Grateful, was awarded the prize 
over the Short-horn, Sir Arthur Ingram, 
an animal famous at other shows and here 
selected by the Short-horn judges as the 
best of his race. Iu the same manner 
the conclave of judges awarded to the 
Hereford heifer, Leonora, the champion¬ 
ship over the Short-horn, Diana, confess¬ 
edly the best of the Short-horns at the 
fair. It would seem that while the ad¬ 
mirers of Short-horns have lately been 
content to dwell on what their favorites 
have been, the breeders of Herefords 
have been diligently selecting and mat¬ 
ing the best individual animals so as to 
advance the standard of the breed. 
-♦ » ♦ 
PURCHASING vs. PRODUCING. 
Purchasing is impoverishing and pro¬ 
ducing is enriching : this is a fact quickly 
apparent to any thinking mau, and appli¬ 
cable the same to an individual or to a 
uation. The nation has lands capable of 
producting, but idle. The nation pays 
out $100,000,000 a year for ten years and 
produces nothing from these lauds. She 
is bankrupt; the land valueless aud her 
money gone. Had the nation produced 
from these lauds $100,000,000 a year for 
ten years what would be her condition V 
She would not ouly have the $1,000,000,- 
000 otherwise expended, but she would 
be capable of jiroducing indefinitely in 
the same way; besides $100,000,000 
invested annually would in the ten years 
give her an addition of $500,000,000 
more. 
It is apparent, too, that the soil would 
be cultivated, the people employed would 
have the value iu money, land and ma¬ 
terials, that those who consumed the pro¬ 
ductions would have a better market in 
exchange for their own goods, that taxa¬ 
tion would be lighter from the presence 
of more wealth ; aud letj the same condi¬ 
tion go on for one hundred years and 
imagine the result! And yet the United 
States are paying out $200,000,000 annu¬ 
ally for goods which they have all the 
territory and idle labor to produce, want¬ 
ing nothing but the paternal attention of 
the delegates of the States in Congress or 
of the States themselves to insure. 
---4-*-*- 
THE HOG-CHOLERA COMMISSION. 
At the close of the last session of Con¬ 
gress the sum of $10,000 was appropriat¬ 
ed for the expenses of a commission to 
investigate contagious diseases of swine 
in the United States. Under this provi¬ 
sion a commission, consisting of our con¬ 
tributor, D. E. Salmon, D. V, M. ; Prof. 
J. Laws, of Cornell University ; Prof. H. 
J. Detmers, of Chicago, and five other 
veterinarians, has been appointed by the 
Department of Agriculture, and the mem¬ 
bers have received full instructions which 
are to govern their investigations, It ap¬ 
pears that each is to pursue his research 
es independent of the others, in a line in¬ 
dicated by the Department, and this 
fact, coupled with the paltry sum 
that will fall to the lot of each investiga¬ 
tor, renders it hardly likely that any ben¬ 
eficial discoveries will result from the 
jiroject, Apart from the loss of advantages 
of combined study, the remuneration is so 
small that neither of the gentlemen can 
afford to neglect 1hb professional business, 
a requirement necessary to secure the 
best chance of success in his investiga¬ 
tion. Had the whole appropriation been 
placed at the disposal of the three well- 
known experts mentioned above, our 
hopes of a successful issue would have 
been stronger. 
CO-OPERATION IN PRODUCING AND 
MANUFACTURING. 
There can be no great degree of pros¬ 
perity in any country where the greater 
portion of the people are engaged in any 
one system of industrial operations to the 
exclusion of otherB. England has less 
prosperity because of her necessity to 
largely purchase her provisions and ruw 
materials, but Russia, the Southern aud 
Western States have had a less prosperity 
from producing only raw materials or 
provisions at low prices and having to 
purchase manufactxu’es at a high prioe. 
To be the most prosperous, the raw ma¬ 
terial and provisions should largely be 
consumed on the ground where produced 
and ouly the high-cost products exported. 
The South should manufacture her 
cotton and wool and hemp and jute, re¬ 
fine her sugar and raise her provisions, 
as well as raw material. The West 
should have oue-half her energies in 
manufacturing industries to consume her 
raw material, and that naturally passing 
by her and also to eonsume largoly of 
her provisions, and increase the value of 
her lands and save transportation. Any 
nation or any portion of a nation should, 
after raising food, raise what they can 
manufacture upon their own territory to 
advantage. 
-» ♦ ♦- 
The Cincinnati Art-Union im¬ 
position, details of which are given in 
other columns, is a greater fraud even 
than those details set forth. We do not 
write from hear-say. We may be par¬ 
doned for alluding to the faot that while 
several other journals,which undoubtedly 
hold a very high place in the regards of 
the public, accepted and published the 
advertisements of this swindling UnioD, 
the Rural New Yorker rejected them as, 
for the past thirteen months, at least, it 
would have rejected any other advertise¬ 
ment upon the face of which “fraud” 
was written in such glowing letters. Aud 
in so doing it did not occur to us that we 
were extra virtuous either. 
—~ - ♦ • ♦ 
Skeleton Leaves. — There are no 
leaves or flowers, or parts of flowers, that 
skeletonize more perfectly than the cups 
(calyces) of tho MolneoeHu Levis. No ar¬ 
tificial treatment is necessary. The 
parenchyma decays and disappears even 
upon the plants, leaving ouly the fine 
net-work of fibers. Speaking of this 
plant, a nice question for those who de¬ 
light in Buch minute investigations, is to 
determine why Borne of the leaves are 
vertical, presenting the edges to the sky 
and earth, while others are horizontal, as 
in the case of most other plants, 
-M4- 
BREVITIES. 
We observe a good many twin flowers among 
our Gladioli this season. Others are “ double.” 
The Germantown Telegraph says, “As well 
attempt to tame the hyena as the huckleberry.” 
Wk have heard some excellent accounts of 
the Beauty of Hebron Potato. Great size is not 
claimed for it. Quality, productiveness, earli- 
n6B8 and keeping qualities are, and. judging 
from these accounts, tho claim will be sustained. 
We are disposed to think from our testB this 
eumnior, that tho Acme tomato is one of the 
earliest, and, in connection with its earliness, 
one of the best. It averages aa large as a To¬ 
mato needs to ho, aud is generally without a 
seam. 
The Plymouth Rock breed of poultry is not yet 
old enough to insure Plymouth Rock'character¬ 
istics to its progeny. We set one dozen eggs this 
spring. Seven were hatched, two of which were 
black without a colored feather. A neighbor re¬ 
peats this experience. 
A terrible warning to those who water their 
flowers iu the morning, as well iib to those who 
marry, has juBt been afforded by Thompson A. 
Godfrey, of Ocean Grove, N. J. The aged man 
married a girl of 22 the other day, and next 
day whil-i watering his flowers, he dropped dead 
of beart-diBease. 
The present is the best time for destroying 
the Canada Thistle. Cut it oft close to* the 
ground. Nothing is gained by pulling it up. 
Only the perpendicular part of the root can be 
pulled np—the horizontal ramifications remain¬ 
ing deep in the ground. Their roots are peren¬ 
nial —the branches above ground are biennial. 
One of the best gooseberries we have had to 
do with is the Downing. It is an immense bear¬ 
er and the berries are tender and sweet—sweet 
for a gooseberry. The branohes this season bad 
to be propped up to support the fruit, two- 
thirds of which, however, were finally scalded by 
the hot moist weather. But the plants with us 
never mildew. 
Col. Curtis, who is a regular correspondent 
of the ably conducted agricultural department 
of the N. Y. Tribune, as well as of the Rural, 
says: “ The enterprising owner shot an owl in 
his barn and killed him and burned the barn. 
Whenever it is necessary to shoot a gun around 
buildings, wool should no used for wadding, aB 
it will not readily take lire from powder." Or, 
we would suggest, tho greased felt wadB, now in 
goneral use among tho sportsmen. 
Among tho assets of a farmer lately declared 
bankrupt in Ky., was au elephant which he had 
some time before bought cheap at au auction of 
the properties of a circuH. In making the 
purchase he was probably actuated by the same 
spirit aH Mrs. Toodles in buying that door-plate 
engraved with Thompson with a p; but he suffer¬ 
ed moro severely than that provident lady, for the 
elephant soon eat him out of house and home. 
Many another farmer, too, has been rained by 
good bargains Lu elephants, iu the shape of more 
lands than they can properly manage, patent- 
rightB for which they neglect their legitimate 
dutieB and other unnecessary burdeus. 
An odd Annual.—M any people like odd plants. 
We kuow of one “rarely seen in the garden.” 
Though it is not uncommon, it is little known 
among flower lovers. It growH about a foot 
high ; is not particular as to soil or cultivation. 
The flowers are of a bright yellow and in diam¬ 
eter three times tho length of the leaves!! Each 
plant will bear over one hundred flowers, we 
should judge. The main stem is branchless for 
two inches from the ground. Then tt branches 
freely and the secondary branches are square. 
It is odd in other respeotH which may be left for 
those who conclude to cultivate it to determine. 
It is a St. Johu’s-wort. Its botanical name is 
Hypericum Harothra. It is blooming now in 
many sandy fields and road-sides and will be 
through August. This is one of the many 
plants that must be seen to bo appreciated—“ A 
word to the wise "— 
Orchard jn Grass. —An old friend writes us 
“There is a great deal of uonseuso talked and 
written about apple trees requiring cultivated 
ground. The reason why the treoH do not do so 
well when the ground is in grass, Is because it iB 
not grazed and kept short as it is in Eugland, 
where all tho orchards, or at least ninety-nine 
out of a hundred, are kept in grass, and never, 
under any circumstances, plowed. But the 
grass is grazed with sheep and calve* and never 
mowed, ss it is well-known to be wrong to grow 
what iB not returne d to the soil in Home Bhape. 
AmoricauB do not understand the difference fie- 
tween tho liuo old permanent sod which is never 
plowed aud the timothy and clover temporary 
grass here. When the sward iu grazed in Eng¬ 
land, there is nothing to prevent sun and air 
from benefiting the roots, and tho sheep lie a 
great deal under the treeB and leave droppings 
and urine. 
