the offer, not, however, with implicit confi¬ 
dence that a “ big bonanza" was in store for 
us, but a hardy Brinokle’e Orange was a desira¬ 
ble thing. Wo havo grown and fruited the 
“foundling" for two seasons, The plant in 
foliage resembles iw parent, but it is more vig¬ 
orous and nearly hardy; but, alas ! the fruit no 
more resembles it than does the old White 
Antwerp. Iu fact, it is a dull white berry, with 
no orange color about it. Now, we have no 
reason to doubt that our friend thought his rep¬ 
resentation correct. He is probably afflicted 
with what is known as color blindness, and his 
taste may also be at fault, for naturally there 
is a wide difference iu tastes, and when tastos 
are educated this difference is none the less 
apparent. 
A gentlemen visiting us during the last rasp¬ 
berry season, after tasting the different kinds, 
asked me if I could tell any difference in the 
red ones savo in color? On replying that I 
would name each of the three or four kinds 
just shown him by tasting without soeing them, 
ho w'as surprised. He could see and taste a 
difference between the red and black ones, but 
all the red ones were alike in tasto to him. And 
thus it is with some people; yes, with a great 
many. A raspberry is only a raspberry and a 
strawberry a strawberry, no matter how high 
or low its position in point of quality. 
In conclusion, I would remind the reader that 
the above convictions arc founded on our ex¬ 
perience on our own Boil. This is au important 
consideration for many people. New Jersey is 
regarded as nothing but a sandy loam or drift, 
which is far from the truth. Under different 
conditions theso views would bo subject to 
modification and change. 
Montclair, N. J. July 20 1878. 
• " ■ ■ -»»♦ - 
HERSTINE—(See Illustration, next page.) 
Tnrs now well-known variety, as will he seen, 
has become popular in many parts of the coun¬ 
try. It is generally considered hardy in this 
climate, though from our reports it. seems not to 
be so in even warmer sections. Tho Hersliuo is 
one of several seedlings, which, when first intro¬ 
duced, were considered promising, but which 
time and trial have driven into disgrace. Tho 
illustration is from life, though it is but fair to 
add that so fruitful a branch and one hearing 
berries of so largo a size is of rare occurrence. 
--- 
THE CUTHBERT AND BELLE DE FONTE- 
NAY. 
J. T. LuYKTT. 
THE CUTHBERT RASPBERRY- 
Tmc writer, in the Rural of August 18th, 
1877, states this Raspberry to ho tho best new 
variety, all things considered, that he fruited iu 
1877. I now esteem it. after a thorough trial, the 
best Raspberry, now or old, that 1 Lave ever 
scon. Turuor is hardy and productive enough 
and of good quality, but ir is too small and not 
sufficiently firm to boar shipment. Brandywine 
is of a bright aud attractive color, and firm enough 
to be transported almost any desired distance. 
It is comparatively hardy -although not entirely 
so—but it is not productive enough, while it is 
of too feeble a growth of cane. Philadelphia is 
abundantly productive, but decidedly too soft, 
lacking in brightness of color and too tender to 
be relied upon. AntwerpH will succeed in cer¬ 
tain localities only, and are unreliable even 
there—and so it goes, Cuthbert is absolutely 
hardy—the only red Raspberry I am acquainted 
with that is so, except Turner—is a Btrong, vig¬ 
orous grower, has never been known to be af¬ 
fected by disease or mildew, or to lose its foliage 
during summer. The plant is very productive, 
tho berries exceedingly large, of bright attrac¬ 
tive color, very firm, and of superb quality. 
What more can be desired ? Iu this I believe 
we havo tho ideal Raspberry which has long been 
wished for, one that combines nearly or quite 
all the qualities do med in a Raspberry, and one 
equally valuable to t he amateur and to tho pro¬ 
fessional fruit-grower. 
Yet the Cuthbert is not without a fault—it 
suckers too freely. While this may be an ad¬ 
vantage to the nurseryman, it is not to the 
fruit-grower, as all surplus suckers havo to be 
treated as no many woods. This is not a serious 
objection, however, and the Cuthbert iu this re¬ 
spect is not so had as Brandywine, and not near¬ 
ly so bad ns Turner. Alt things considered, it is 
not only the best, but by far the best Raspberry 
I have yet seen, aud is unmistakably destined 
to become the Raspberry for tho million. 
Under favorable circumstances, what a fine 
Raspberry is 
BELLE DE FONTENAY; 
that is, where soil is congenial and suckers are 
kept down. It has long been known to fruit- 
rowers as a precarious variety, but wherever 
planted, uhIohs diligently attended to, it soon 
becomes a troublesome weed, from Us tenacity 
to life and Its habit of overproducing suckers iu 
infinite numbers Where soil and situation are 
just right, with its very large, aromatic berries, 
it is not surprising that those who have novel 1 
seen it and find it growiug under such circum¬ 
stances, at once conclude they are the happy dis¬ 
coverers of a new seedling of wondrous merit. 
A few years ago we heard of this berry, from the 
shores of Maryland, under the cognomen of 
Amazon—a most appropriate name—at fifty 
cents a plant j now we have it from Connecticut 
as Henrietta—a narno equally appropriate—at a 
dollar a plant; although I cannot account for 
the increase in price unless it is owing to its 
being nearer the “Hub." T would not here 
allude to Henrietta aB being a synonym of Bello 
de Fonteuay, had I any doubts of its identity, 
supposing, as I do, that its disseminators are ig¬ 
norant of its being an old variety under a now’ 
name. Being “sold” myself, however, when 
the proprietors of the Henrietta sold me tho 
plants, I desire that my loss may be tho gain of 
the readers of the Bubal, hence note the above. 
will also state that the belief expressed in the 
Rural, a year ago, that Norwalk seedling waB 
identical with Naomi (Franconia) and Early An¬ 
drews with Highland Hardy, has been proved 
conclusively the past soason. 
» » ♦ - 
THE NEWER RASPBERRIES IN OHIO. 
M. B. BATEHAM. 
The culture and use of Raspberries have in¬ 
creased largely in Ohio and in most other States, 
I believe, during the past few years. There has 
also been a noticeable improvement in the quali¬ 
ty as well as in the quantity of this fruit in 
most of our city markets ; aud as more skill aud 
system have been applied to its culture the price 
has been reduced m the markets, so that all 
classes can afford to use them, and raspberries 
are now counted among the fruits for the mil¬ 
lion, aud indispensable as following straw berries, 
aud preceding the larger fruits of summer. 
In the south-western quartet of Ohio the cul¬ 
ture of Raspberries, especially of the Blaek-cap 
class, is moat extensively carried on. From Cin¬ 
cinnati, Dayton, and other points, many thou¬ 
sands of bushels are shipped each season to 
places north and east, whore tho soil and climate 
uro less favorable. Tho crops of this fruit are 
more reliable, and the prices more uniform and 
more remunerative, as a rule, than those of 
strawberries. 
Several pt the improved varieties of 
BLACK-CAP RASPBERRIES 
bad their origin in southern Ohio. Among these, 
t’uo Ohio Everbearing, and tho McCormick, or 
Mammoth Cluster, are tho most noted. Both 
are eb&uee seedlings of the native variety, Rn- 
bus oocideutalis ; as are also the older improved 
sorts, Doolittle, Davison’s Thornless, Seneca, 
etc. 
The Mammoth Cluster all of our market 
raspberry-growers havo come to regard as the 
best of all varieties for their purpose; though 
some of them grow a few of the others on ac¬ 
count of their ripening a little earlier. For 
home use, also, they are preferred by some 
people, and they seem to succeed better in sinne 
localities. 
The Grego is tho newest of this class of Rasp¬ 
berries and, within a year or tw r o, has created 
quite a sensation among our large growers, as 
promising to eclipse and supersede the Mam¬ 
moth Cluster—tbe berries being of larger size, 
while the plant is equally hardy, vigorous and 
productive. It was first discovered growiug 
wild, in Indiana, by a mau named Gregg, who 
commenced its propagation ana growing tho 
fruit for market, where it was observed by our 
wide-awake fruit grower. Nick Ohmer, of Day- 
ton. Noticing that the berries on sale were of 
larger size than his well-grown Mammoth Clus¬ 
ters, ho at once set about finding v, here they 
grew and, on visiting the grower, ho engaged a 
supply of the plants to bo sent to him. On 
fruitiug in his own grounds, ho found the 
variety more distinct and valuable than ho bad 
expected, so that ho extended his plantation of 
it as rapidly as possible, to the extent of about 
ten acres. Several other Ouio fruit-growers 
also planted it so as to test its fruiting tho past 
season, and all agree iu placing it at the head of 
tho list, of Black-caps, and count it a decided ac- 
quisi lion lor market berry-growers. It resembles 
the Mammoth Cluster iu growth and habits of 
plant and in appearance and quality of fruit, ex¬ 
cepting that tho berries are ono-third larger; 
and as tho number aud size of seeds are the 
same, there is an increase of pulp and Juiciness. 
Of the 
REO OR ANTWERP 
class of Raspberries there is also some increase 
of culture aud demand around onr cities ; but as 
yet there has not appeared any variety that is 
suffleiently hardy aud productive with fruit of 
fiue quality aud firm euongh to bear distant 
transportation, though several of the newer 
kinds aro recommended as meeting these re¬ 
quirements. 
On the score of hardiness, it is known that the 
native species, Rubus strigosus, from which 
many, if not most of our improved kinds have 
sprung, belongs to our most northern States ; 
abounding In northern Michigan, aud the adja¬ 
cent parts of Canada, aud seldom seen as far 
south as Central Onio and Indiana, Tho Euro¬ 
pean sorts are counted by botanists as varieties 
of Rubus Ida us ; and this differs so little irom 
our R. strigosus. as hardly to deserve a separate 
specific name. Seedlings of each aro found to 
produce varieties so closely rosombling those of 
the other, that no one can Bay with certainty to 
which species they bolong, and hybrids or 
crosses between them, are believed to havo been 
often produced. The growth and habits of the 
plants, and the size aud quality of the fruit are 
so greatly affected by climate, soil and culture, 
as often to mislead observers in regard to their 
identity and real character. Hence it is not safe 
for any one to invest largely in a new variety, 
until it has been tested on his own soil, or at 
least iu his neighborhood. 
It needs also to bo borne in mind that a num¬ 
ber of the leading varieties found quite hardy 
in northern localities, as in Western New York, 
and Northern Ohio, Michigan, etc., will not en¬ 
dure tho wiuters in central and southern Ohio, 
Indiana, and Bliuois. This is owing to the fact 
that this species belongs to the north, as before 
stated; aud wIigu grown too far south, the 
leaves fail, and fall off during the heat of sum¬ 
mer, so that the canes are not properly matured 
in the autumn, and hence the wood is unable to 
endure the oft-repeated freezings and thawings 
ol a south-western winter. Persevering efforts, 
however, have partly overcome this difficulty, 
and one or two varieties of some merit are said 
to possess such vigor of growth and foliage as to 
withstand both the Bummers and winters of the 
southwest. 
Clarke, I think, was the first real step in this 
direction; but it soon proved unreliable as to 
productiveness, in most localities, aud the fruit 
was too soft for transportation, while the plants 
multiplied so profusely by suckers as to become 
a pest to the growers. 
Turner is au improvement on the Clarke. 
It is equally hardy aud more reliable, and pro¬ 
ductive, with firmer fruit, rendering it a profit¬ 
able market sort, even in southern Illinois. It 
has not, however, succeeded as well in Ohio, and 
its profuse suckering is a serious fault. 
Thwack comes next, with its jaw-twisting 
name—originating as far south as Missouri, and 
promising to stand all sorts of hardship of cli¬ 
mate, with the fruit abundant, of large size, 
good quality, fine color, and so firm as to bear 
transportation from St, Louis to Bostou. What 
more cau we desire! Perhaps this is the 
“coming" Raspberry ; but still it is tost to move 
slowly. Homo of our Ohio men, who test every 
new thing, have fruited the Thwack, aud do not 
care to plant largely of it. Tho plant is seem¬ 
ingly hardy and vigorous, as reooumiouded, aud 
too fruit is of good size and color. it is also 
quite firm, so as to bear transportation better 
than any of its class—bnt its quality is also 
poorer than that of any other, its firmness being 
simply owing to its lack of juiciness. If fruit of 
this character is forced upon the markets, the 
effect will be to disgust the people, so that they 
will refuse to buy any kind of red raspberries. 
Highland Hardy has been testod in Ohio, 
and does not appear to differ from our old vari¬ 
ety known as Rutland, and Bold as Red Antwerp 
in most of our markets. This, and another not 
as good, called Allen, are improved varieties of 
tho native red. They are hardy iu northern 
Ohio, and, with right soil and cnltnre, prove 
very satisfactory for home use. They have also 
been grown for market considerably around 
Cleveland, but have mostly been superseded by 
the next, which is much their superior, and 
equally hardy. 
Naomi is claimed to have originated near 
Cleveland, from seed of the Franconia, which is 
the hardiest of foreign varieties. Its resem¬ 
blance to the parent variety is so close, that 
many pomologists regard it as identical with it. 
But onr Cleveland gn. wera insist that it is dis¬ 
tinct, aud more hardy aud reliable. Be this as 
it may, for this Lake-Sbore region, it is certainly 
tho best of all tho red Raspberries that we have 
as yet fairly tested—especially for near market 
and homo use. A little more firmness of the 
berry, without any loss of sizo or quality, would 
render it almost perfect, 
Herstine, and Hornet, aro distinctly of the 
foreign class, of fiue size and quality, but need¬ 
ing winter protection at the North, aud unable 
to endure the hot sun at the South. 
Brandywine, has boon highly praised as a 
market berry, by our Eastern friends. It has 
been tested the past two seasons by sovoral Ohio 
growers, aud thus far they report favorably of 
it. The plant is hardy, and stands hot sun 
moderately well. Its growth is fair, and Btocky, 
but not quite tall enough, except on rich soil, 
and tho fruit, though fair in quantity, is not 
quite as largo as is desir able. It is of good color 
and quality, and so firm as to bear carriage bet¬ 
ter than most others of its class. 
Delaware, I have not yet seen fruited; plants 
were set last spring by several Ohio men, and 
another season will give us fruit. 
Pride oe Tile Hudson is too long a namo, 
but we will excuse that if its character proves 
what is promised. Specimens of the fruit sent 
to mo by mail last summer, were handsome and 
good, but not more so than some of the older 
sorts. 
Lake Co., Ohio. 
-- 
PLANT RASPBERRIES IN THE FALL. 
REV. E. P. ROE. 
I have always had much better success with 
Raspberries set out in Ootober and November 
ban with those planted in spring, aud with good; 
reason, I think. In the first place, there is 
leisure in the fall to thoroughly prepare arid en-j 
rich the ground, and when this is done properly, 
one of the most important conditions of Buccess 
is secured iu advance. In the second place, 
although tbe plants do not grow in the fall, the 
roots do. The rains settle tho earth around 
them; they take hold of the soil at once, aud 
thus the plants are ready to start with great i 
vigor as soon as spring opens. j 
In tho third plaoe, tho bnds just above the 1 
roots, which make the new and bearing canes 
for the following season, aro small aud dormant j 
in tho fall, hut they 8tart very early iu the 
spring. Iu spring planting, therefore, these 
buds aro often broken off, even nnder the best 
of care, Tho plants thus, in many cases, re¬ 
ceive a serious check and there is much d e Jay in 
securing a fine stand of bearing canes. 
My method is to deeply plow and cross-plow 
my raspberry ground in the fall, euriebiug the 
land according to the requirements of tho va¬ 
riety planted. Some of tho best kinds tend to 
fruit rather than to sucker, and need high stim¬ 
ulation, as for instance tho Pride of tho Hud¬ 
son. which will load itself like a Bartlett pour 
tree. Other excellent kinds, like the Cuthbert 
and Herstine, will do well with Icbh manure, but 
all kinds require deep, mellow soil for the best 
results. I next set out my plants four feet 
apart each way, putting two or throe roots in a 
place, according to tho ^igor of the kind. Tho 
tendency of raspberry hills is to rise too much 
above the surface, so T set the plants about three 
inches deeper thuu they grow naturally iu the 
propagating bed or patch. After treading the 
ground firmly down over the roots, I direct that 
one or two shovelfuls of the oldest and finest 
manure I have bo thrown on and immediately 
around the hill. The fall and early spring rains 
carry the richuess of this manure down to the 
roots, and thus the plants at the start nre given 
a vigorous “send-off ’ on a successful career. 
Many a plantation is feeble for two or three 
years for the lack of good, generous treatment 
in tho beginning. Just before the ground 
begins to freeze, I mound the earth over the 
hills aud early in spring, after hard frosts are 
over, level it down again. In large plantations 
this could bo done, iu t he main, by plowing a 
furrow against the row on either side. J have 
never lost any plants thus protected against the 
frost, aud have always found that plants thus 
planted in the fall made almost double tho 
growth of those set out in spring. 
- ♦♦♦ -- 
SMALL FRUITS IN CALIFORNIA. 
W. C. L. DREW. 
RASPBERRIES. 
Raspberries are less extensively cultivated iu 
California thau any of tho other small fruits. 
Tho supply is never equal to the demand, aud, 
accordingly, they always briug a remunerative 
price. No fruit succeeds better in our imme¬ 
diate section than tho Raspberry. Tbpy are 
always pretty sure to produce a crop. Tho only 
objection to them is the Bliort period of their 
duration. Our growers do not care to grow any¬ 
thing, unless it is iu season for several mouths. 
On this account the Raspberry has been much 
neglected. 
The Herstine is by odds the best . It combines 
the most desirable qualities requisite in a family, 
or first-class market berry for shipping, while 
its superior tlavor, brilliant scarlet color, large 
size, firmness and great productiveness make it 
a most desirable fruit. 
Doolittle is a favorite variety. It bears 
very early aud is remarkably productive. Tho 
fruit is largo and firm aud of fine flavor. It is 
our earliest bearer, being quito over before the 
other varieties ripen. 
Mammoth Cluster is a good variety fre¬ 
quently cultivated. It is a fair family berry, 
but not much adapted for shipping. 
Other varieties are not as yet sufficiently well 
acclimated for mo to give a satisfactory report, 
as a variety which proves desirable this season 
may be entirely worthless after a few seasons’ 
growth, and vice versa. 
BLACKBERRIES. 
The Blackberry is extensively grown in Cali¬ 
fornia. It is justly a general favorite. It 
requires thorough irrigation from the time the 
fruit sets, about the close of our rainy reason. 
It may bo ooutinued in bearing for several 
months by proper irrigation. No fruit is more 
injured by ill treatment, for, if kept for two or 
more weeks without its accustomed irrigation, 
from one* half to two-thirds of the crop will be 
ruined. The varieties in gcuoral culture are the 
Kittatinny. Lawton, and Wilson's Early. 
The Kittatinny is the best. It is extremely 
hardy, the fruit is of a most luscious quality, 
large size aud lino form. It is very productive. 
It is a genera 1 favorite with growers, both for 
family and market purposes. 
The Lawton is grown very extensively. It is 
a good bearer, is hardy and of good fruitiug 
qualities. It was, at uuo time, the standard va¬ 
riety in California, but it is gradually giving 
away to its rival, the Kittatinny. 
