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ties, and some even regard it as a specific in 
certain maladies. Surely it deserves a place in 
every garden. 
On ttie Hudson. 
A CLOSED WEIL 
is not a healthful or a safe one. On the con¬ 
trary, it is the only safe and healthful one, and 
the water Bupply of any well should be kept per¬ 
fectly free from any outside contamination, 
or brick to the level of the water and then cover¬ 
ing it with flag-stones or an arch, and filling 
the rest of it with earth again. * The surface 
about the top of the well Bhould be graded, so 
as to have a slope in every direction away from 
THE HENRIETTA RASPBERRY AGAIN 
In The Rural of the 9th inst., I observe a 
note by Mrs. E. Morely, in regard to the origin 
(?) of the Henrietta Raspberry. I would Btate 
that the note referred to only goes to prove 
more conclusively, if further evidence were 
necessary, that the Henrietta and Bello de Fon- 
tenay are one and the same. The note reads, 
•'It was first founu among the roots of a currant 
bush. There were no other Raspberries on the 
premises. The garden was contiguous to a gen¬ 
tleman’s grounds, where there was a variety of 
fruits, among them several kinds of Raspber¬ 
ries." The root of the Belie de l-’ontenay pos¬ 
sesses suoh a decided disposition to travel, and 
is so well furnished with adventitious buds 
that it assumes the character of a rhizoma or 
root-stock, and will spread and multiply nearly 
or quite as rapidly as couch-grass or quick-grass 
(Triticum repens), so much dreaded by farmers 
and gardeners. It is not at all unusual for this 
Raspberry to thus travel or creep, under ground, 
twenty-five or even fifty feet. Not long since I 
heard a learned and most reliable nurseryman 
say he believed that if a single plant of it were 
planted in the center of an acre Jot, and left to 
run, it would, at the end of five years, cover the 
entire lot. A fence would be no barrier what¬ 
ever to it, and I doubt if & stone wall would, un¬ 
less sunk deeply in the gronnd. Therefore to 
prove at all that Henrietta and Belle de Fonte- 
nay are not identical, it will be necessary for your 
correspondent to first prove that there was no 
Belle de Fontenay in the "gentleman’s grounds,” 
“ contiguous to ” " the garden.” 
In speaking of the Belle de Fontenay, in 
Rural of Oct, 12th, the type made me say, l ‘over 
proaucing suckers in infinite numbers,” which 
should have read, “ever producing suckers," 
etc., of which I meant to inform you before. 
J. T. Lovett. 
Red Bank, N. J., Nov. 7th, 1878. 
RJD” 45th.-Holker. 
it, that surface w'ater may be carried off and not 
Boak down into it. This should be done the 
more carefully in wells that are not filled in 
above, because then there is the greatest danger 
that surface water and many impurities would 
gain admission. The best way to finish off 
around the top of a well, is to cover with a large 
flag-stene or with chestnut plank and then 
cover this with six inches of water-lime cement, 
spreading it several inches beyond the sides of 
the well. If a good pump is put in the well, no 
repairs need be made for years and the cost of 
all these items of safety will be less than that of 
one doctor’s bill, not to speak of the cost or 
misery of a funeral of some loved one of the 
family. T'o prevent this, cost is of no account, 
as against safety. 
The next weak point of the back yard is 
THE CESS-POOL. 
This should be the most carefully arranged, 
and it may be so that it shall be perfectly in¬ 
offensive and actually a Bource of profit instead 
of loss and disease. Then this necessary pro¬ 
vision for comfort may be placed in a woodshed 
close to the house or in some sheltered spot, and 
may be made ornamental and comely, as it well 
deserves to be. instead of beiog a loathsome 
thing, to be hidden away out of sight in an in¬ 
accessible locality, just as the water-closet 
and bath-room of a well-furnished house are 
made as handsome and luxurious as possible. 
With a cess-pool, such as ia shown at Fig. 3, all 
this may be done and an inoffensive provision 
for the comfort of the most delicate members of 
the household procured in the most accessible 
part of the premises. The cess-pool, both walls 
and bottom, should be wholly made of brick 
laid in water-lime, or with common lime mortar. 
In the latter case, the wall and floor should be 
well soaked with pitoh to be made water-proof. 
A convenient shape for this will be as shown—a 
floor with sloping sides in front and rear, and with 
SANITARY ARRANGEMENTS OF THE 
HOMESTEAD. 
THE BACK TARO 
is the great trouble of the housewife. Here 
everything “ common and unclean ’’ gathers 
and molds and rots, causing nuisance, discon¬ 
tent and mischief. The difficulty lies all in 
want of arrangement and the proper disposal of 
the wastes of the house. A great amount of 
extra labor ia thus caused at the most incon¬ 
venient times, and if the matter is not attended 
to, mnoli trouble ensues. Vermin is also encour¬ 
aged by the presence of the accumulated waste 
matters, and this iB not one of the least of the 
troubles j for, when vermin once find a hiding 
place, they spread everywhere and cause great 
loss by their depredations. The first and most 
important thing to consider in the arrangement 
of the back yard, is the well. Many people think 
that unless the well is open, the water cannot 
be kept pure. This is all wrong. Spring water, 
which is considered the best of all, is not ex¬ 
posed to the air. It ia confined in subterranean 
channels and escapes pure, sparkling and full of 
air bubbles from its dark, underground source. 
One of the best of all wells iB 
THE DRIVEN WELL, 
eaves of the roof, Whatever garbage is pro¬ 
duced about the house, that does not pass away 
by the drains—if these are provided—should be 
gathered into a tub and removed daily to the 
1 otherwise this waste may be deposited 
in the cess-pool and should be covered at once 
with a shovelful or a scoopful of the earth which 
should be kept on hand in a pile at all times, 
with a shovel ready for use. 
fusorial or confervoid growths cannot occur in 
it. The water will theu bo pure. Such a well 
may be made by lining it with cement pipes, 
that are manufactured for this purpose, or with 
brick laid in water-lime mortar. Or such a well 
may be made by building up the aides with stone 
and this is simply 
a pointed pipe 
forced down 
through the earth 
into the Btream of 
water flowing be¬ 
low. By the work¬ 
ing of the pump 
attached to the top 
of the pipe, a 
quantity of sand 
or gravel ia remov¬ 
ed from about the 
lower end of the 
pipe, and an un¬ 
derground cistern 
is formed in which 
the reservoir of 
water exists. This 
is shown at Fig. 
1. Unfortunate¬ 
ly thiB useful well, 
although no new 
thing, has been 
patented, and 
every person using 
one of them is in 
danger of being 
threatened with 
prosecution for 
damages. But it 
is here referred to 
only as an illustra¬ 
tion of the mis¬ 
taken • idea,’,.that 
ITALIA. 1ST BULL, SHOWN AT PARIS. 
CATALOGUES. 
Monthly Bul¬ 
letin of the A- 
merican Jersey 
Cattle Club, 
Edited by Geo E. 
Waring, Jr., Sec¬ 
retary of the Club, 
Newport, R. I. 
-Semi - Annual 
Wholesale Price¬ 
list of the Home 
Nursery, Normal, 
III. Augustine & 
Co., Proprietors. 
Fruit and Orna¬ 
mental Trees. 
ClKCULAB 0 f 
Moore’ s Early 
Grape. John B. 
Moore, Concord, 
Mass. 
Cibculab of The 
Japanese Persim¬ 
mon. Henry Loo¬ 
mis, 194 Sansom 
Street. San Eran- 
oisco, Cala. 
John Saul, 
Wholesale Cata¬ 
logue of Fruit, 
Evergreens and 
Ornamental Trees, 
Shrubs. Roses, &c., 
for 1878-9. Wash¬ 
ington, D. C. 
