GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS WEST OF 1C0TH MERIDIAN. 315 
crease in numbers may have been only apparent, and due to their concentration as fall 
approached. 
B. borealis calurus (Cass.). Western Red-tailed Hawk. 
Numerous throughout all the heavily-wooded portions of the region. 
Archibuteo Brehtn. 
A. ferrugineu8 (Liclit.). California Squirrel Hawk. 
A hawk was seen in Northeastern California which I believed to be of this species. 
A. lagopm sanciijohannis (Gmel.). Rough-legged Hawk. 
Common in fall in marshy localities. 
Aquila. Brisson. 
A. chrysaetos canadensis (L.). Golden Eagle. 
Occurring more or less numerously among the mountains. 
Haljaetus Savigne. 
H. leucocephalm (L.). American Eagle. 
This eagle may fairly be said to abound on certain of the mountain lakes of this re¬ 
gion, Eagle Lake indeed receiving its name from the number of these birds that in¬ 
habit its shores. Rarely disturbed, they are much less shy than usual, evidence of 
this-fact being apparent in the accessible situations which their nests occupy. Sev¬ 
eral were noticed in the splintered tops of pines, the low heights and convenient 
branches of which placed them within easy reach. 
One nest that I visited as late as July 10 contained two young, still unable to fly, 
though in size fully grown. 
Along the Columbia, eagles are so common that they scarcely attract attention' 
Here they are useful as scavengers, and dead and dying salmon form a very consider¬ 
able portion of their fare. 
Pandion Savigne. 
P. haliaetus carolivensis (Gmel.). Fish Hawk., 
Present on nearly all the streams and lakes that furnish fish. Extremely abundant 
at Klamath Lake. 
CATHARTIDiE—American Vultures. 
Rhinogryphus Ridgw. 
R. aura (L.). Red-headed Vulture. 
Generally distributed; in some localities, as near Honey Lake, California, very numer¬ 
ous, Not seen at the Columbia River in October. Nor was the Californian vulture 
(Pseudogryhus californianus ) observed along the river, although, judging from the ac¬ 
counts of Cooper and Suckley, it formerly periodically visited its shores, attracted 
thither by the dead salmon, which, during the “run,” often line the banks. The ac 
counts of these authors date back to 1854, and since that time the numbers of this huge 
vulture have been so diminished by the use of poison, intended to kill off wild animals, 
that it is now in comparison almost extinct, and the sight of a California vulture is at 
present a rare event in localities where a few years ago it was very numerous. 
COLUMBIDJE—Doves. 
Zenaidura Bonaparte. 
Z. carolinensis (L.). Turtle Dove. 
Arriving in the vicinity of Carson about the 1st of May, the “doves” soou become 
extremely numerous, not only here but all along the eastern slope, far up into Oregon 
and Washington Territory. 
By the game law of Nevada this species is exempt from protection at any and all 
seasons, and as it is about the only bird here that affords wing-shooting, it hence, in 
the neighborhood of the towns, receives considerable attention at the hands of the 
gunners, especially during the early portion of its visit in spring. 
