7 
. 7 
ter the ratio is one to 13 which is too high 
in carbo-hydrates or too low in albuminoids 
and such a food requires a mixture of some 
substance having an opposite ratio, such as 
16 of one and 48 of another which makes a 
ratio of one to three. By mixing two parts 
of this to one of the other we have three to 
18, a nutritive ratio of one to six. 3. Muriate 
of potash is worth about 4t£e a pound, and it 
can be obtained from the Mapes Formula 
Co., 168 Front Street, or .1, H. Baker & Bro., 
215 Pearl Street, or The Bowker Fertilizer Co., 
84 Broad Street, N. Y. City. 
W. J. R., Cedar town Go. , asks, t, whether 
there is any sort of pipe cheaper than wrought 
iron, for conducting water from a hydraulic 
ram—the water to be used for irrigating pur¬ 
poses ; 2, the price of three-quarter inch 
wrought iron pipe. 
Ans. —Avery cheap pipe can be made of 
small logs of pine bored through the center 
with an auger having a long handle. To bore 
these the logs are fixed on a frame or set of 
tressels and the auger is fitted in guides so 
that it bores directly in the center. The log 
is bored half way from each end. One end 
of the log is tapered and the other is reamed 
oat to receive the tapered end of the next one 
and the joints are sealed with white lead. 
Iron pipe is not safe, as the oxidation will soon 
close it, especially as the water is from a hy¬ 
draulic ram and will be highly charged with 
air, and so produce much rust in the pipe. 
One-inch pipes have been frequently closed 
with rust in less than a year’s use. One inch 
wrought iron pipe can be procured in New 
York for 19 cents plain, and 28 cents galvan¬ 
ized, a foot wholesale, from which there is a 
discount of 50 per cent to dealers who would 
probably ask the “ list” price at retail. 
P. B, P., Amenia, N. Y., is feeding ground 
feed to 30 milch cows aud, being three miles 
from a mill, wishes to grind his feed at home 
and asks, 1, what would be the best power— 
a windmill on his barn? 2, He has a wheat 
field, a limestone loam in good heart, and he 
inquires whether Orchard Grass to be sown 
next Spring would be likely to thrive on it; 
3, he also sends two heads of wheat for name. 
Ans.— l, A wind mill of sufficient power to 
grind feed would cost as much as a steam en¬ 
gine and more than a two-horse tread power. 
The last is the best and most convenient 
power for the purpose and might be put in a 
shed so arranged os to have the mill in it, and 
to have a belt from the power to go into the 
barn to run a thrashing machine. 2. Orchard 
Grass thrives well on any good soil, but it 
would be most satisfactory when mixed with 
clover; 1^ bushel (20 pounds) of Orchard 
Grass and eight pounds of clover seed per 
acre would be a good seeding. 3. The wheat 
looks like “Swamp,” sent out by the Agricul¬ 
tural Department at Washington. 
J. L. S. Lanark, TIL, asks, 1, what rules 
will govern the decision as to the best crops 
from our next Free Seed Distribution ; 3, a 
description of the dent and fli nt varieties of 
corn to be sent out in the next Distribution. 
Ans.— 1. Merely the reports of our subscri¬ 
bers who enter the contest ; we reserve the 
right to send an agent to examine the accu¬ 
racy of such reports. We shall explain fully 
in due time. 2. The Rural Heavy Dent (see 
illustration from naturo in Fair Number or 
Supplement) is a late coni. But it will 
in the average season mature as far north 
as Lansing, Michigan.. The other is a dull, 
bull colored flint which is probably as thor¬ 
oughbred as any corn ever offered. It has 
been cultivated in the Rural family for 26 
consecutive years. As to its yield, we pre¬ 
fer to say nothing. It will mature wherever 
the flint kinds will mature. 
.7. G. R., Sharon, Conn., asks, 1, will Hun¬ 
garian Grass sown at the middle of April be 
ready to cut by June 20; 2, would not a crop 
of Hungarian followed by one of sowed com 
be better than one of barley or oats; 3, the 
name of a specimen of oats mailed to us. 
Ans.—1. No; that would be too early to 
sow Hungarian Grass for your climate. If 
sowed in May, say the 15th, it would then be 
ready to cut by July 15th. It should lie cut 
for hay jnst after the heads appear. Hun¬ 
garian Grass was sown twice at the Rural 
Farm in 1881, The first was sown May 12 
and cut J uly 15. The second was sown May 
24. This was plowed uuder July 10. 2. We 
could not answer this question. It would de¬ 
pend upon the season—whether favorable to 
one or the other and the needs of the indivi¬ 
dual. 3. The oats have not reached us. 
E. W. S., Swoopes Depot, Va., asks, 1, 
whether Bermuda Grass is liked by cattle and 
good for fattening them; 2, is it an annual or 
perennial; 3, how is it propagated and whore 
can seeds or cuttings be obtained. He has 
aeen red clover many years on good bottom 
land, and seven J ears on well fertilized up¬ 
land, but it generally stands only two years 
thereabouts on the latter. 
Ans.—1. Yes—yes. 2. A perennial. 8. It 
does not seed in this country. It is propa¬ 
gated by cuttings of the roots and stems. We 
shall give an illustrated article ere long and 
tell all we know about Bermuda Grass. No 
doubt in suitable land Red Clover reseeds 
tself and is thus continued from year to year. 
B. F. C., Manatee., Fla., asks, 1, what 
kind of grapes will succeed best where the 
mercury ranges from 34 to 96 degrees above 
zero; 2, where can seed of the nutmeg and 
cocoa trees be obtained for germination. 
Ans. —The varieties belonging to the 
JEstivalis or Summer grape type are reported 
as succeeding best in South Florida. Of this 
ciass the following are the most desirable: 
Black July or Devereux, Lenoir, Long, Nor¬ 
ton’s Virginia, Warren, etc. Several varie¬ 
ties of foreign grapes are also said to have 
given good results especially the Chasselas 
varieties and the Black Hamburg. 2. We do 
not know. 
S. L., Sharon Center, N. Y., asks for a de¬ 
scription of the different methods of fastening 
cows in a stable; 2, whether a concrete floor 
is as good as a plank one for cows to stand on, 
and, if so, how to make one. 
Ans. —The different methods of fastening 
cows will soon be described in an illustrated 
article, to which you are refen-ed for a reply 
to your request. 2. A concrete floor is an ex¬ 
cellent one for a dairy stable, and is far 
better than plank when the floor must rest 
upon the ground. The method of making a 
concrete floor will be described in full very 
soon. 
H. M. W., Georgetown, Texas , asks what 
breed of poultry are the best layers and sit¬ 
ters. 
Ans. —We have tried nearly all breeds of 
poultry and would prefer the Plymouth Rocks 
as more nearly answering the above require¬ 
ments than any others. Probably the Leg¬ 
horns are as good layers as any, but they are 
not good sitters, as a rule. We should next 
choose the Brahmas after the Plymouth 
Rocks. Other questions will be answered 
later. 
T. J. R., Pulaski Ohio., asks whether the 
dent and flint coni of the Free Seed Distribu¬ 
tion are to compete against each other, or 
each kind by itself. 
Ans. —Each applicant should state his 
preference in his application. We send only 
one kind—whichever is mentioned. The 
yields of both sorts will be estimated separ¬ 
ately. 
V. S. II., Marion , Va., asks whether we 
can recommend the Ferguson Bureau Cream¬ 
ery. 
Ans. —The Ferguson Bureau Creamery is a 
very convenient and excellent piece of furni¬ 
ture for a dairy. We have no reason to 
change the good opinion we once expressed 
regarding it, after about two years’ use of 
one. 
R. M. A., Tecnmseh, Neb., referring to a late 
article in the Rural about the catalpa tree, 
asks where can seeds be obtained and at what 
price. 
Ans.—R obert Douglas & Sons, of Wauke¬ 
gan, Hi. About #4 per pound. We do not 
understand the Inst question about “signs” and 
“ sowing wheat.” 
L. H. M.. Iowa, has some brood sows that 
eat their young, and he asks for some pre¬ 
ventive. 
Ans. —The unnatural habit of sows devour¬ 
ing their pigs seems to be due to some consti¬ 
tutional defect. The habit becomes fixed, and 
a sow that does it once will do it always. 
Such a sow should be fattened and made into 
pork. 
G. S., Carroll City, Iowa, asks, 1, would not 
the Rural Heavy Deut Corn be better feed for 
stock than the Thoroughbred Flint where it 
will giow; 2, how much ground will be re¬ 
quired to grow the prize crop of each sort. 
Ans. —I. Yes. 2. One-fortieth of an acre: 
33 feet square. 
G. T. D., Greenfield, III., asks whether there 
is any grass that will prevent the washing 
away of the soil in hollows better than Blue 
Grass. 
Ans. —Yes: Creeping Wheat, better known 
as Quack Grass. 
C. S.. Mellville Cross, Canada, asks whether 
we would send him some pyrethrum seed. 
Ans. —We sent out all we had some time 
ago. We have none now. 
Communications Received for the Week Ending 
Saturday, Dec. 31,1881. 
C. D.—A. H.—N. J. S.-W. H. W., thanks,—A. B. A., 
thanks.—J. H. H.- S. B. M.-J. A. W.—D. W. Z.—W. G. 
W., Jr —A. J. C.-G. M. C.-L. A. B.—B. W. P.-N. S.— 
T. D. C.-G. J.—K. -A. B. A.-" Southeastern Ohio.”— 
E. D. C.-B. S.—S. B. P., thanks.—D. U. S.—X. R., 
thanks!: see Domestic Economy.—J. P.—L. C. G.—P. 
R., thanks tor offer. Please send full address and 
oiler of Cuthbert and we shall add It to the premiums. 
—J. W. W., we would prefer farm or garden notes of 
experience.—D. A. B., many thanks.—C. L.—J. P. A. 
T. H. B.-J. F-A. P.-X.-S. S. F.~J. L. S.-O. N. 
F. —G. A. G.—G. W,—T. S., thanks for offer.—M. S. 
T.—R. M. A.—B. G.—G. Wright, thanks for sugges¬ 
tion.—C. W.—H. S., Cal., thanks.—G. B.—W. J. B, 
Send for the Supplement of the Rural 
New-Yorker. This will be sent to all appli¬ 
cants free of charge. It gives an account of the 
HI+IFk Worth of Presents 
HI Jaajl offered\ to all subscribers 
who produce the best yields 
from our Free Seed Distribution of 1882. 
The Great Farm and Rural Journal of America. 
Fifth Year of its present Management—32nd year 
of its age. 
For the North, South, East, West. 
IT KNOWS NO SECTIONAL PREJUDICES. 
The first journal to have established an Ex¬ 
periment Farm conducted in the 
interests of its readers. 
The first to have made regular free seed and plant 
distributions among its subscribers. In this way it 
is conceded to ha ve introduced many of the most 
valuable farm and garden plants in cultivation. 
The Rural New-Yorker is acknowledged to have worked a new era in rural jour¬ 
nalism, and to have accomplished incalculable good to the agricultural interests of 
our country. 
500 Original Illustrations Annually, try, Milk, Butter, Cheesej Diseases 
of Animals, Bees, Injurious Insects, Grain, Grass, Small Fruits, all Ornamental and 
Useful Trees and Shrubs arc among the prominent subjects treated, in its columns. 
THE BEST WRITERS IN THE WORLD. 
Everybody who is interested in a garden, vineyard, orchard or farm; in new plants; 
in farm or garden implements; everybody who is interested in Horticulture and that 
seeks through such means to increase the happiness of life and home, should Sub¬ 
scribe. The Rural New-Yorker is the earnest friend of all who love nature and her 
works. 
The Rural New-Yorker has no other than the true interests of agriculture to sub¬ 
serve. It has neither seeds nor plants nor books nor anything whatever to sell. It 
is conducted purely in the interests of Agriculture and Horticulture and Stock-Keep¬ 
ing. Its tests of plants, seeds, manures, implements, are made regardless of individ¬ 
ual interests or those of advertising patrons. It holds the interests of land culture 
as above all others, and its aim is to benefit all who occupy themselves in the culture 
of land and its attendant industries, either for pleasure, profit or support. 
No matter where you live, you cannot afford to be without the Rural New-Yorker. 
It is the progressive, aggressive, alert, original, conscientious rural journal of the 
age. Thousands of testimonials to this effect. Our Everywhere Reports are 
invaluable to the Farmer and Horticulturist. They have proven of great value to 
them in determining the best time to Buy or Sell. Our market reports are correct¬ 
ed by a special reporter up to the time of going to press. Our agricultural and 
general news embraces everything of interest to intelligent readers. Correspondents 
everywhere. Try it — Try it — Try it— for one year! It will cost you but $2.00. It 
may*save you hundreds. Try it as a measure of Economy. 
The objects of the Experiment Farm of the Rural New-Yorker are to test all kinds 
of new seeds and to present the results to our readers; to produce new varieties of 
grain by cross-breeding; to test new farm implements and methods of culture, with 
a view to producing the greatest yields at the smallest cost; to disseminate among 
its readers seeds of varieties which, from our own tests, have proven of unusual worth 
without cost to them, aud thus advance the agricultural interests of the whole country. 
The Rural New-Yorker has no personal interests to subserve. 
The most vigorous and able combination of Practical Writers ever collected to¬ 
gether in the columns of any Agricultural Journal. Here is a partial list for 1881. 
Dv. .T. B. La was....Rot hams ted, England. 
Prof. J. P. Sheldon, Hunts. & Wilts. Agl. Col., “ 
William Robinson, F. It. S., Editor and Found¬ 
er of the Loudon Golden. “ 
Prof. S. W. Johnson. Sheffield SeieuUflc 
School, Yale College. .. Conn. 
Gen. W. H. Noble. " 
Prof. V. H. Storer, Bussey Institute. Mass. 
Levi Stuckbridge, Pres Agr'l Col. ” 
Hon. Marshall I*. Wilder, Boston. 
William Falconer, Cambridge University. “ 
Richard Goodman, Pros, J. C. C. “ 
Richard Uoodnuin, Jr... 
ProT. W. J. Peal, Agricultural College. .. Mich. 
Brest. T. T. Lyon, Pom. Society... “ 
See'y C. A- Garflold... “ 
8. B. Peek. . ....... A . 
C. E. Thome, farm Manager State Ag'l Col... Ohio. 
Dr. John A. Warder.,.. “ 
W. 1. Chamberlain... 
Waldo F. Brown..._ „ , 
B. F. Jolinaoo.Illinois. 
Prof. G. E. Morrow, State Ag'l Col. 
Prof. Cyrus Thutnaa. '* 
Prof. G. W, French. . 
Prof. E. M. Shelton, Agricultural College.. Kan. 
Prof. El bridge Gale “ “ . “ 
Prof. Thomas Meehan, Author of Native 
Flowers and Ferns. Pa. 
Mrs. Mary Wager-Fisher. “ 
W. G. Waring, Sr. 
Henry Stewart, M. D... N. J. 
E. Williams.. 
Col. M. C. Weld. 
James Taplln. 
Ex-Gov. Robert W. Furnas. Neb. 
S. Rufus Mason. . “ 
Prof. C. C. Georgeson, Agr’l College. Texas. 
Charles shtnn . Cal. 
W. C. L, Drew. “ 
J, B. Armstrong. “ 
Luther Bit rhu.uk. “ 
Prof. J L. Kiuld.. Iowa, 
Prof. G. C. Caldwell. Cornell University.N. Y. 
Prof. I. P. Roberts, Farm Manager “ “ 
Prof. I- H. Arnold. “ 
W.C. Barry. “ 
Charles Downing. “ 
Samuel B. Parsons. “ 
Samuel Parsons, Jr. “ 
A. B. Allen. 
Prof. E. W. Stewart. “ 
Col. P. D. Curtis. “ 
Peter B. Mead. •• 
L. 8. Hardin. “ 
Jonathan Talcott. “ 
Lorenzo Rouao. “ 
Nelson Ritter. “ 
I, . A. Roberts. “ 
D. S. Marvin.. “ 
G. D. Hopkins, Vet. Surgeon, N. Y. City. “ 
0. K. Salmon, D. V. M. N. a 
M. B. Prince. 
Mrs. Annie L. Jack. Can. 
J. F. Forfar. “ 
Richard Gibson. « 
Prof. 8. M Tracy. Mo. 
Adeline E. Story. “ 
It. W. RuvcjicJ. S. C. 
Hugh I. Wysor . Va. 
Prof. W. C. Bellamy. Ala. 
M. B. Htllyard. 
Prof, A, K. Blount, Farm Manager Agr'l CoL, CoL 
T, H. Hoskins, M. D. Vt. 
Prof. F, A. Gulley, Farm Manager Agr'l Col.,. Miss. 
And not less than tsoG others among our subscribers. 
is that no Progressive farmer, dairyman, stockman, pomologist, florist or gardener 
can afford to do without 
The Rural New-Yorker earnestly labors to instruct the stockman and breeder; to 
introduce new fruits of improved quality; to make known the beneficent influences 
of the garden and of trees and shrubs about the home ; to increase the comforts, 
refinement, health, and the general welfare of all who own and cultivate land. It 
tests all new vegetables, and makes known their value. It tells how to raise ihem in 
the cn-eatest perfection. Shrubs and trees, flowers, plants of every description, the 
methods of cultivation to suit the varied and ever-changing conditions which arise, 
constitute prominent departments. 
The insect enemies which infest our field crops, which seem to be rapidly in¬ 
creasing, and entomology in general are treated in our columns by the ablest spe¬ 
cialists in the country. To aid in 
The Progress and Development of American Horticulture 
and Agriculture 
is always our earnest endeavor. Such efforts as these have brought the Rural New- 
Yorker to the position it now occupies. The Price of the Rural New-Yorker 
is $2.00 a Year, payable invariably in advance. We have no club or secoa” 
price. It is alike to all. 
Address RURAL. NEW-YORKER, 
34 Park Row, New York. 
