and 20 pounds of Orchard Grass or 20 of Red 
Top are scattered over an acre of ground and 
then count up how many young plants can be 
found on that space, we should begin to real 
iz.e that merely sowing seed is not sufficient 
for the successful growth of grass, 
When a farmer intends to seed a field to 
grass he needs to begin to prepare for it at 
least two years before he is ready. The 
ground should be cleared of weeds by g7'ow- 
ing a crop that needs good cultivation, as 
com, roots or potatoes. It is then to be thor¬ 
oughly plowed and broken up and made fine; 
then well manured and made rich and then 
the grass seed is sown in the best season, 
either in Ibe Fall or Spring, but at such times 
and in such weather as will help the seed best 
to germinate and grow. 
The choice of seed is also quite important. 
Asa rule a mixture of seed is better than to 
use only one kind. For ha v the best grass is 
Timothy; the next best is Orchard Grass and 
the next is Red Top; but the best hay is from 
a mixture of several grasses and of clover. 
For pasture we cannot have too many grasses, 
because each one comes to its best state at a 
different time and t hus the herbage is contin¬ 
ually growing, and remains iu good condi¬ 
tion. And for a pasture one should choose 
those kinds which spread from the roots and 
grow thickly, covering the ground and form¬ 
ing a close, thick sod. 
vent prayers had been answered. How noble 
those good people whose homes seemed in such 
imminent danger through all those anx¬ 
ious weeks, in opening their homes and hospi¬ 
tably receiving and.welcoming the multitudes 
who thronged the town 
Just before the lava flow ceased another 
sort of wave swept over this city, namely, 
a religious revival. Mr. Hallenbeck (who as 
many know is one of Mr. Moody’s co-workers) 
came here, by invitation, to help us in our 
temperance work. We were agreeably aston¬ 
ished when instead of simply temperance he 
added the Gospel to it; for two mouths the 
good work went on. Christians were awak¬ 
ened, backsliders reclaimed and m my who 
had never taken a stand for the Saviour did 
so then. Great as, had been the excitement 
over the volcano, and anxious as all were for 
Hilo’s safety, this great wonder seemed to 
lose itself in the greater which swept over the 
islands. 
A few weeks ago we were very much star¬ 
tled by a very heavy shock of earthquake; 
perhaps many of the Rural cousins have 
never felt one, and so do not • know of the 
queer sensation. The shock came about five 
o’clock in the morning. I awoke in time to 
hear the warning which is like a distant rum¬ 
bling of thunder, the rocking of the earth 
just like the rocking of a cradle, but this was 
one great rock from East to West, it is a 
queer sensation to feel the whole house rock 
and shake. Iu town here not much damage 
was done, but on Hawaii stone walls fell; 
(you must not imagine the walls to be such 
as you have; some are of lava, others of rocks 
and stones piled up about three or four feet 
high, and two or three feet thick; these are 
the fences they had in olden times, and you 
see them yet in country places.) Stone houses 
were cracked, crockery, etc., was smashed, 
and people ran out of their houses for fear 
they would fall. Often it is impossible to 
move during a shock, as you are Jiable to 
fall. About fifteen minutes after the first 
shock another slighter one was felt, and we 
feared we were to have another such as we 
had in ’(58, but all has been quiet since. 
Mr. Cruzan, our pastor, preached the Gar¬ 
field memorial sermon here in our church, and 
never was such a sermon preached in our city, 
so eloquent, effective, and withal so touching. 
It failed nowhere in that crowded audience to 
awake in all the tenderest feelings for the 
great loss the American nation sustained; 
America is dear to us Hawaiians, aud sad 
was the news of President Garfield’s death. 
Here iu our island home the President's fam¬ 
ily have the sineerest sympathies of all. 
I must say a few words upon the reception 
of our King upon his return after a nine 
months’ absence; he was expected to arrive 
by the steamer oil the .list of October, instead 
Of which he arrived on the 22th, thereby throw¬ 
ing the whole town into excitement; in all 
haste the streets from the wharf to the palace 
were decorated, under foot was strewn coarse 
grass which had been previously cut; arches 
of all kinds abounded, in a half-finished state, 
which were hastily decorated with greens; on 
each side of the street between the arches 
were poles, from the tops of which across the 
streets were suspended strings of flags or ban¬ 
ners with words of welcome; these poles were 
wreathed with ferns. 
The people, not satisfied with this im¬ 
promptu reception, planned to carry out the 
original programme, which they did a few 
days later. The sight would no doubt have 
amused many of you, had you seen the 
women iu theirflowing robes all gaily trimmed 
with bright, colors, sometimes a green dress 
trimmed with pink, yellow with red, or yel¬ 
low and pink, and so on, 
wish to join the club. I like flowers very 
much. 1 have two sisters aud four brothers. 
We have about ten varieties of ferns. There 
are a great many kinds of ferns and wild 
flowers around here where we live. It is 
called the “ Blue Grass” region of Kentucky. 
I raised a small patch of cotton this year. 
My brother was in Tennessee last year and he 
sent us some cottonseed. Minnie Kemper. 
Bryantsville, Ky. 
FARMING FOR BOYS AND GIRLS 
No. 42. 
HENRY STEWART, 
Grass. 
When we speak or think of grass it is, gen¬ 
erally, as the herbage which covers the mead¬ 
ows and pastures, the rood-sides and the 
lawns aud door-yards, and which gives the 
delightful coating of verdure to the earth 
which so much pleases and refreshes the eye. 
But in considering grass we should miss the 
most interesting part of the subject if we for¬ 
got to think of the other grasses which are so 
different from hese lowly forms of it as to be 
rarely thought of merely as grass. 
The botanist describes grass as a plant hav¬ 
ing a jointed and generally hollow stem, with 
long, slender, alternate leaves and bearing its 
flowers and seed iu spikes or panicles. Some 
of these terms we cannot now stop to explain, 
but in passiug may my that a wheat ear or a 
Timothy head is a spike, while .the heads of 
June Grass and oats are panicles. Now if 
we could see a gigantic bamboo cane growing 
we should recognize it at once as a grass, al¬ 
though the stem might be a foot thick and 80 
feet high; for the stem is, as we all know, hol¬ 
low and divided by joints into sections and 
the leaves as some know, are long, narrow 
and much like those of corn. So we should 
recognize the splendid Southern sugar cane 
which grows 24 feet high and three or four 
inches thick, as a grass; our own familiar corn 
too is a gross, the tassel being a panicle and 
the ear a spike, and although the stem is not 
hollow yet every child knows that it is 
jointed and that from these joints the long 
narrow leaves spring. Wheat is a grass, too, 
andsoare rye, barley, oats, millet, Hungarian 
grass, and the beautiful tall water plant 
which grows on the banks of rivers and lakes 
know as wild rice, and so is the cultivated rice 
a grass. But clover is not grass, although 
some farmers consider it as such. Its stem is 
not hollow or jointed; the leaves are not long 
and narrow and the seed is borne upon neither 
spikes nor panicles. Therefore one who calls 
clover grass, is mistaken. 
Grass is thus seeu to be a very important 
class of plants. Indeed without grass we 
should have neither bread of any kind, nor 
sugar, milk.‘butter, meat, leather or woolen 
cloth or eloibing. But if we confine our 
thoughts to the humbler grasses which cover 
the meadows and pasture with verdure, we 
should even theu hud these indispensable to 
our comfort and happiness. The farmer 
could not live without grass, and its culture 
is oue of the first parts of his business which 
he should be familiar with. U uilly we are 
too apt to think that grass will grow without 
any care and merely by casting the seed upon 
the ground and leaving it to its fate. This is 
one of the farmers greatest mistakes and it 
causes him a good deal of trouble and disap¬ 
pointment. For in the Spring he procures 
some seed and sows it over the wheat or rye 
in the hope of having a meadow to cut for 
hay the nqxt year and to pasture the year 
after that. But when the grain is cut and 
taken from the field he goes in searen of the 
tiny blades from which he hopes for so much 
and finds none where he expected to find the 
ground covered with them. Then he dis¬ 
covers how mistaken he has been in suppos¬ 
ing that grass needed oniv the seed to be cast 
over the ground to spring up and grow vigor¬ 
ously. 
In fact, grass is a crop which needs the 
greatest of care, a good soil, w ell prepared 
and enriched with manure. Any soil so pre¬ 
pared and euriched will produce grass of some 
kind: for there are some grasses which thrive 
oil moist clays; some upon low, peaty, wet 
ground ; some upon sandy soil and some 
upon wood lands and under the shade of 
trees. For instance, Timothy grass grows 
best on a moist clay soil, although it w ill grow 
well upon a lignter and drj er laud if it is rich 
aud w r eil manured; orchard grass thrives upon 
dry, light soils: Blue Grass upon limestone, 
gravelly land aud Red Top upon low, w*et 
ground. In choosing the right grass there¬ 
fore it is necessary that the nature of the soil 
and the character of the grass should both be 
known and that these should be adapted to 
each other. 
The seeds of grass are very small. One 
ounce of the seed of Red Top contains 800,000 
grains or sufficient to give nearly 12 seed* to 
every square foot of ground over one acre, 
and yet in sowing Red Top we use more 
than 20 pounds or 820 ounces to the acre, and 
this quantity would give more than 25 seeds 
to every square inch of surface. Blue grass 
or June grass has 250,000 seeds in one ounce; 
Timothy has about 75,000 to the ounce, and 
orchard grass 40,000 in an ounce. If one 
should figure up how many seeds are sown to 
the square foot when 12 pounds of Timothy 
New Members of the Club for Week 
Ending Dec. 31. 
LincolnR. Steere, Mary Bates, Sophie Bates, 
Edith Humphrey, Geo. Greethurst, Ada Fath, 
Lisgar Lang, Grace Darling, Alice Darling, 
Charlie Darling, Henry Welfare, Barbara 
Pound, Eliza Pound, J. E. Zimmer. 
|HiiaccUa«eous 
GREAT GERMAN 
REMEDY 
RHEUMATISM, 
NEURALGIA, 
SCIATICA, 
LUMBAGO, 
BACKACHE, 
GOUT, 
SORENESS 
LETTERS FROM THE COUSINS, 
CHEST, 
SORE THROAT, 
QUINSY, 
SWELLINGS 
AND 
SPRAINS, 
FROSTED FEET 
General Sodilj Pains, 
TOOTH, EAR 
AND 
HEADACHE, 
Every day you could hear the poor people 
wail for their dear ones. In whatever house 
a victim or victims was found, it wuuM be 
quarantined, a yellow flag hoisted, and a 
policeman stationed at the gate, to prevent 
any from coming out or going in. Finally after 
a four months siege all was over, aud once 
more our city assumed its usual activity. In 
February our king started for a trip around 
the world, his sister Mrs. Dominos was ap¬ 
pointed Regent during his Majesty’s absence. 
On the same day that your beloved President 
was shot, Mr. C. C. Harris, Chaucelor of the 
Kingdom, died very suddenly. In November 
1880 commenced the great lava flow, which 
lasted till August 8, 1881. It is impossible to 
give an accurate description of this, one of 
the world’s greatest sights, large rivers of 
fiery lava flowing from the mountain. A 
very queer action of lava is to flow' up hill. 
This no doubt sounds strangely the idea of a 
liquid mass flowing up hill, yet it is so. It 
has been kuowii to run along the side of a 
river bank and not over the brink. Every 
week the steamer was crowded w ith passen¬ 
gers lor Hilo. This pretty town was in dan¬ 
ger, for the flow seemed to he mailing its way 
directly to it. Behind the town were some 
exquisitely beautiful woods, where ferns grew 
in great luxuriance, but now all is destroyed; 
the great wave swept over all their beauty 
and buried it beneath its black surface. Grand 
aud awful the sight must have been. 1 won¬ 
der that people can look on such sights and 
not see iu them the hand of an infinite God. 
This great flow came from the side of the 
mountain and all thought in consequence the 
crater would be Jess active, but. its activity 
continued. 1 have seen oil paintings of differ¬ 
ent parts of the crater -the woods before the 
flow reached them, also some parts of the 
molten stream, aud they looked beautiful, 
but they are but p >or representatives at best 
of the original. If such be the case how can 
I in my humble way expect to give you any 
idea of one. Madame Pole (as the natives call 
the goddess that lives in the crater) often 
gives one of her gr ind freaks, a description 
of which baffles all. As I said, the town of 
Hilo was in danger. Hilo was once befure 
destroy* d by a tidal w ave, and now r it was 
threatened with a worse fate. As we heard 
of the nearer and nearer approach of the 
lava, we watched anxiously each week for the 
news, when destruction seemed inevitable. 
But after a while the good news came 
the flow had suddenly ceased, and fer- 
and 
No Preparation on earth equals St. Jacobs Oil ai a sate, 
srKK. simple and cheap External Remedy. Atrial entail* 
but the comparatively trilling imtlxy of 50 Cents, and every¬ 
one suffering with pain nan have cheap and positive proof of 
its claims. miiKlTIU.NH IX ELEVEN LA MIL All ES. 
SOLD BY ALL DRUQQISTS AND DEALERS IN MEDICINE. 
A. VOGELER & CO. 
Jialthnore, Md., V. S. A, 
PROFESSOR 
They are fond of 
high colors oddly* mixed. Theu the men, 
who seldom wear shoes, and less seldom 
gloves, seem to feel utterly out of place with 
the latter on, their fingers spread out and 
hanging still by their sides. To us who are 
ftmil ar with these sights, we do not think 
how comical they must look to others. 
And no *v, Uncle Mark, where are all the 
Cousins 1 One by one the older oues quietly 
lay aside their pens and we hear no more of 
them. I have been corresponding regularly 
with two of the Rural Cousins, and enjoy 
their interesting letters very much. It cannot 
be, though, tint all are too busy to write. 
The boys’and girls’ letters are always of in¬ 
terest. 1 early look for them, and wish they 
would wake up and tell us how and where 
they are. I must also thank you for your 
kindness in sending me those seeds. I have 
had little time to garden, and gave most of 
the seeds to othere, aud so with them I enjoy 
the pretty flow*ere. I often hear people say 
the days or the evenings are long; they have 
nothing to do to pass away the long hours. I 
would like to possess a few such; it would not 
take long to put them to profitable use. I bid 
you farewell, with Aloha nui loa to all. 
Hawaii nei. 
^0SPHATI C 
Made from Professor Horsford'a Acid 
Phosphate. 
Recommended by leading physicians. 
Makes lighter biscuit, cakrs, etc., and 
Is healthier than ordinary kaiin" 
der. 
I ti cans. Sold at a reasonable price. 
The Hereford Almanac and Cook Rook 
sent free. 
Kumford Chemical Works, Providence, R. I. 
A cento wanted. $5 n Day made 
oellinir our NEW HOUSEHOLD 
AUTR.'1.K8and FAMILY SCALE. 
\\ ■ ipi -i i p to as )h*». S' lU ut #|.50. 
Domes! icS callC'O..C iucimiau U 
AGENTS WANTEDMWXM 
tins Machine ever invented. Will knit a pair of stock- 
imrs, with Heel anil Top complete, in 30 minutes. It 
will also knit a Kreat variety of fancy work for which 
there is always a ready market. Send for circular 
and terras to the Twombly Knlttlnc Machine 
(!a„ 168 Tretnoot Street, Boston, Maas. 
Uncle Mark :—My brother takes the Ru¬ 
ral and I think it is a very good paper. 1 
SAMPLE CARDS, ALL New, name on 10c. Agtc 
Outfit 6o. CAltD WORKS Blrmin g ham,0 
