Winningstadfc. This is fit to eat in small 
heads almost as early as any variety grown; 
and it has, in addition, the valuable habit of 
increasing in size and retaining its firmness 
and tenderness quite io the end of the season. 
It is invaluable for the small garden. The 
Winningstadt, with the Savoys mentioned 
above, will furnish all that is needed in the 
way of a cabbage. 
Bush beans, too, are quite overdone in the 
small garden. 'What is the use of vexing 
one’s-self with so many kinds when one or 
two will supply every want? I have seen 
half a dozen kinds at least put in iu as many 
rows, when one row at a time would have been 
sufficient:and there is much consequent waste 
besides loss of labor and seed. The season should 
be covered by repeated sowings and rot by 
sow ing a multitude of kinds at the same time. 
As to kinds, there are none better than the 
Black Wax and the Golden Wax, and either 
one or both would be quite sufficient for a 
small garden. They are not only among the 
best, but the very earliest of bash beans, and 
the Black Wax especially is very productive. 
The beans are usually put too ciose together; 
a space of three or four inches between each is 
much better than less. Avoid the common 
practice of drawing earth up to the plant. It 
is labor wasted All that is needed is to keep 
the ground mellow and free from weeds. 
Everyman claims to “know^ beans,” but a 
good marry do not know how to pick them 
and nearly double the crop. 
The carrot is another subject which is over¬ 
done in the family garden, One kind, and 
that the Early Horn, is sufficient for all pur¬ 
poses. It so happens, too, that this variety is 
about the best of all carrots for the table, and 
will keep ns well during tho Winter- as auy 
other. It is a very early kind, and there 
should be two sowings to have it in good con¬ 
dition during the Winter. The first sowing 
should bo made early in the Spring. Instead 
of thinning- out in the usual way, let the 
plants grow till the roots are about the size of 
a lead pencil, and then begin to use them. 
When of this size and a little larger they are 
more tender and succulent than they will ever 
be again. The “thinning outs” are usually 
thrown away, but this is a wasteful mistake. 
For Whiter use sow early in June, and in tlris 
case thin out to three or four inches between 
the plants the object now being to obtain 
firm, well matured roots that will keep well 
during the Winter. 
What has just been said of the carrot will 
apply almost as w ell to the beet. Since we 
have one kind that w ill answer every purpose, 
why bother with more in our little garden? 
Either the Early Bassano or the Early Egyp¬ 
tian may be selected. The Egyptian is a little 
the earlier, but both are sweet, tender and ex¬ 
cellent. The “thinning outs,” even when the 
roots are as large as hickory nuts, may be 
used as spinach, for which they are a good 
substitute. Beets, like carrots, are always iu 
their best condition for eating when young, 
and there should, therefore, bo no waste in 
thinning out tho early sow ing. The second 
sowing should be made in June; and the 
plants should be thinned out to four or five 
inches apart as soon as they can be handled, 
in order to have well matured roots for Win¬ 
ter. The l.o-'g Blood Boot, that is usually 
grown for Winter, requires the w'hole season 
to mature, and in quality is inferior to either 
the Egyptian or the Bassano. 
The above are only a few of many sugges¬ 
tions t’ at might bo made in relation to econo¬ 
my (or waste) in the small family garden. The 
surface covered ought to be made to yield a 
good deal moi e than it generally does, and 
with less labor and expense. I may add 
something more another week. 
LOST RUBIES RASPBERRY, ETC. 
Mr. Purdy replies to Mr. Hale. 
In answer to J. II. Hale’s article iu the Rural 
of January 7, headed “ Lost Rubies Rasp¬ 
berry,’ I would say that he unintention¬ 
ally gives one more link iu th chain of evi¬ 
dence that the Naomi and “ Lost Rubies” are 
one and the same, when he pronounces them 
pistill te sorts. All I have to say about 
this matter is that I received from Rockport, 
Ohio, some 10 or 1:3 years ago, plants war¬ 
ranted to me as tho panning Naomi, for which 
I paid *10 per 100, i.nd further, the party who 
sent thorn to me wrote that ho had found the 
original bed was badly mixed w ith one or two 
other sorts and that many had received plants 
from that bed as Naomis, that w r ere not that 
sort, but that ho could guarantee the lot sent 
to me as genuine. 1 have grown them for 
years and J'ron\ the increase from those 
plants sent to me from Ohio Mr. Green ob¬ 
tained his ao-called “ Lost Rubies.” Rob’t 
Johnston, liviug near me, had 500 or 1,000 
plants from Green and'these plants I saw in 
bearing the past season, and they are precisely 
the. same as my Naomis. As to the Fran¬ 
conia and Naomi being tho same, 1 can say 
that I grew- them side by side on my grounds 
at South Bend, Indiana, and that when the 
thermometer indicated lower than even 12° 
below, the Franconias were hilled to the ground. 
while the Naomis were alive to the tips. Agaiu 
I never could get a fair crop from the Fran 
eonia here on ui, grounds at Palmyra, while 
the Naomi, when w r ell fertilized, yields fine 
crops. As to Mr. Hale’s attempt to weaken 
my reputation by’ saying that I have pro¬ 
nounced the Souhegan aud Tyler the same, 
or that I think they are tho same, I have only 
to say that I have never thought, written or 
said that they were the same, so that his in¬ 
sinuation that follows falls to the ground aud 
proves him to be carries.-, and unreliable as to 
facts. Again, if Mr. Hale has for the last 
15 years grown all kinds of red raspberries 
and asserts his knowledge of such, why did he 
send out. un old, worthless , well known “ Fall¬ 
bearing ”(?) raspberry as “Henrietta” for 
years at exorbitant prices and that, too, after 
it was pronounced sucli by the best growers in 
the couuti-y. 
Mr. Ha la should remember the old adage, 
‘Folks that live in glass houses shouldn’t 
throw stones.” A. M. Purdy. 
Palmyra, N. Y., Jan. 7, 1882. 
RAYS. 
Mr. Endicott, of Canton, is quite a bulb 
fancier, and glows a great many species 
and varieties for love’s sake alone. He plants 
out his gladioli iu rows as he would potatoes 
or corn, anil he tolls me he uses Bowker’s 
Turnip Fertilizer as a manure for them with 
most excellent results. He is of the opiuiou 
that it is composed mainly of abattoir ma. 
nura—blood, etc. 
* * 
An esteemed correspondent from New’ Jer¬ 
sey’writes me:—“We have a fine lot of car¬ 
nations. Our best white is La Furite; red, 
King of the Crimsons and Pride of Secauous 
which is a seedling from La Purite. Among 
fancy roses Perle des Jardins, Niphetos and 
La Capucine are great favorites at present.” 
* * 
A correspondent in Ireland writes me:— 
It is hard to get a workman with grit in 
him and no humbug. So many try to substi¬ 
tute talk for work, and this is especially true 
of men here with us. The gospel of work is 
bettor preached aud still better practiced your 
way. The common prayer here is, ‘Oh, Lord, 
grant that I may serve Thee by seeing Amer¬ 
ica to my good and Thine honor.’ There is 
too much ‘stuff to take’ here; whisky and 
work never agree.” 
* n 
At my request, a little w hile ago, Mr. John 
C. Ilovey, of Cambridgeport, Mass., who is an 
enthusiastic cultivator of cactuses and other 
succulents, gave me a list of such opuutias as 
he had proved to be perfectly hardy in his 
garden. They are as follows:— 
Opuntia vulgaris. 
“ Rafmesquii. 
“ “ grandiflora. 
“ cymochila. 
“ stenoc-hila. 
“ hystricina. 
“ Missouriensis. 
“ “ macrosperma. 
“ “ albispina. 
“ fragilis. 
“ fusiformis. 
“ Pes-corvi. 
* * 
It is with much pleasure I read your an- 
IIas any one got FremontiaCalifornica ? If 
they have, would they please tell us of their 
success with it ? A friend in England (Rev. 
Henry L. Ellecombe) tells me he finds it very 
short lived. “It seems not to survive after 
two or three years of flowering. It is a grand 
shrub.” It is one of the finest shrubs I know 
of, copious and beautiful; its large, golden- 
yellow flowers are very pretty. But my im¬ 
pression is that it will not be hardy at zero; 
still, I have no facts to sustain this idea. 
* * 
As fashion mosth" originates in Europe, 
anyway, that is my excuse for the following 
notes from another English friend:— 
“ Pitcher plants are looking up now. Ne¬ 
penthes Rajah, N. Mudagaseariensis and N. 
Northiuna are fine things, and quite a new de¬ 
parture from the ordinary run of such plants. 
I he first and last named kinds have pitchers 
like young water pails, holding three or four 
pints each when full. 
“ Orchids were never so plentiful; import¬ 
ed ones never so cheap! But good, established 
plants of fine sorts were never so dear as they 
are now. I have a bit of eld autumn-flower¬ 
ing Cattleya labiata worth £50 at least. 
“Summer-blooming chrysanthemums are 
very good things here, and they should be 
better still with you, 
“ Single Dahlias are all the fashion here 
just now. 
* * 
Last July when Shirley Hibbard, in the 
Gardener’s Magazine, gave a classified list of 
1,274 kinds of roses no small sensation was cre¬ 
ated in horticultural circles; but his feat is 
quite eclipsed by that of a gardener in Ger¬ 
main’, who has recently published a book in 
which he mentions 5,0”0 kinds of garden roses! 
The book before me (iu Germau) is called 
“The Rose, its History, Species, Culture and 
Care, with a List of 5,000 Described, Cultiva¬ 
te! Garden Roses, by Th. Nitner. Royal Court 
Gardener- at Potsdam.” The book is well got¬ 
ten up and beautifully printed, and it contains 
colored, illustrations of the following roses:— 
Comte de Semby, Centifolia museosa, Madame 
Falcot, L’Eblonissante, La Fiance, Madame 
Hippolyto Jarnain, Prince Humbert, ManF 
ehal Niel, Peron de Gossart, Baron Gonilla, 
Polyanthn, and General Jaequiminot, but 
these pictures are not nearly as good as they 
should be. 
* * 
In order to have salvias in good condition 
in the W inter time you want lots of house 
room and light. S. splendens does well up till 
Christmas, then gesneriflora and Heeri come 
in and last awhile, and I can get ooccinea ail 
the time. The way I do with it is this: I 
strike cuttings in August, others iu September, 
and these, well-rooted in three and four inch 
pots, bloom all the time. 
* ♦ 
If any of you grow hot-house grape-vines, 
now is the time to clean them. They should 
have been pruned before this, but if they are 
not, prune them at onee. Then go over the 
rods removing the loose and unattached bark; 
but do not tear off any that is still adhering 
to the steins, and wash the vines, being care¬ 
ful not to touch or rub against the buds. Af¬ 
ter satisfying yourself that there is not a 
mealy hug or rod spider on or about your 
canes, you may paint them over with a mix¬ 
ture of tobacco juice, whale-oil soap, sulphur 
and a little day to make it stick on. This is 
WHITE JAPAN ANEMONES. AFTER ROBINSON’S WILD GARDEN. —FIG. 2(3. 
nouncement that Dr. Warder, of Ohio, is to 
write a series of articles on Forestry for the 
Rural. What a grand old forester the Doctor 
is, and what a lot he knows about it! Now, 
Doctor, suppose we are little children and you 
are the teacher, ami treat us accordingly. I 
cau appreciate your experience and will be 
your eager scholar. Forget not to mention 
the trees iu detail, specifying the individuals. 
used as a preventive against red spiders ani 
other- vermin, but I have but little faith in it 
Then bend the vines aside and tie them ther 
till before they begin to break into growth: thi 
induces the buds to break more equally all uj 
the stems, and partially prevents the greate 
tendency they would otherwise have to breal 
more str- ugly near the ends of the canes. I 
also guts them out of the road to make wai 
for other plants. It is likewise a good plan to 
paint the rafters, trellises, aud all other wood 
and iron work in the house, with turpentine 
or kerosene in order to kill any insects that 
may be 1 rking in cracks, scams or other 
places. Houses in which grape-vin s are at 
rest in Winter should be kept as cool as possi¬ 
ble, and, if no fire-heat is used in them, the 
vines may be covered up with mats, straw, 
sedge and the like, and remain undisturbed 
till March or April. 
* * 
The Paper Mulberry (p. 2) is much used in 
the Southern States as a shade tree about farm 
houses, town lots and occasionally in clumps 
in open fields as a shade for cattle. The tree 
is quick-growing, assumes a dense, umbrella¬ 
headed habit and gives a good shade, but a no¬ 
tion prevails that its ro.ts are injurious to 
water, and the people do not care to plant it 
near their wells. 
* * 
The Chinese Yam (p. 2) ig perfectly hardy 
in so far that the tubers make their way very 
deeply into the earth, as do those of the Colo¬ 
r-ado Man-root and the Man-of the earth 
Creeper, and iu this way get beyond the des¬ 
tructive influence of frost. If you observe the 
multitude of axillary tubers that fall from off 
the vines upon the ground in the Full: if they 
are left there upon the surface of the ground 
till Spring, every one of them shall he dead; 
at least that is what occurs with them here. 
And I am glad it is so, for, once established in 
a garden, the Chinese Yam is a hard thing to 
get rid of. A good mmy years ago it was 
proposed as a substitute for the potato, but 
the matter of digging up the roots overruled 
its every otr er merit. However, in modera¬ 
tion, it is a handsome and desirable herbaceous 
vine, and one not much affected by excessive 
heat and drought, nor is it subject to insect 
ravages. 
£brint Uitral. 
THE WHITE JAPANESE ANEMONE. 
Here is a clump of the White Japanese 
Anemones, which is one of the prettiest and 
choicest of hardy garden perennials. It is a 
variety of the purple-flowered Japanese Ane¬ 
mone and known in gardens under the name 
of Anemone Honorine Jobert. 
From the soft wing of vernal breezes shed, 
Anemones. 
“ Yes, we think of Spring and our garden, 
wood ami wayside (lowers, and at once 
bluets, violate, buttercups and anemones ap¬ 
pear ,.o our imagination, but there are excep¬ 
tions to this as unto other rules; the anemone 
in question is not a Spring or Bummer flower, 
but one whose heyday is September, and 
which, if not destroyed by frost, lasts well 
into Octobei. It is of robust nature two to 
three feet high or more, bears ample foliage 
and flowers quite numerously. It cannot be 
called very hardy because it not unfrequently 
gets killed out by Winter’s severity. But like 
Acanthuses, Senecio pulcher, and some other 
fleshy-rooted plants, the crowns by means of 
intense frost may lie killed out or by too 
much moisture rotted out, and still the fleshy 
roots will keep alive, and if left undisturbed 
in Spring, push forth buds and grow again. 
A Winter mulching is of benefit to them. 
They love a sheltered but not a shaded spot to 
grow in and a free, rich soil. Prairie waxy 
land which bakes and cracks in Summer, or 
land so exposed and sandy as to grt unreason¬ 
ably warm and dry, is not well fitted for 
anemones; they like a cool and open surface 
of the earth they grow in. They ere often 
grown as pot plants, in which case, instead of 
their flowering period being hastened as is the 
case with “forced” plants, it is retarded, that 
is, by cool treatment its season of growth is 
so prolonged and blooming delayed that the 
plants may be hud in blossom in October and 
November. 
They are increased by division of the 
crowns and also by root cuttings. They come 
into blossom too late to ripen seeds with us, 
but where seeds cun he obtained, they, like 
most anemones may be readily increased in 
that wav. 
StvboricultMVfil. 
FORESTRY-NO. 3. 
DR. JOHN A. WARDER. 
Torrents result from destroying forests on 
Alpine hights—Similar effects in all hilly 
countries—Remedy applied by Reboisement, 
or deforesting the Alpine summits in France 
Land-slides n result of torrential disturb¬ 
ance Lessons to be learned J rom other 
countries. 
The attention of many readers has doubtless 
been attracted to the topic of this paper by the 
news brought by the cable of the extensive 
