for iljt Boitttg. 
FARMING FOR BOYS AND GIRLS. 
No. 43. 
HENRY STEWART. 
Animal Nutrition. 
It should always be remembered that a 
plant never contains anything which has not 
entered its roots as food, excepting some por¬ 
tions of its substance which it has taken from 
the air, breathed iuto it through its leaves. So 
an animal never contains anything in its sub¬ 
stance which has not been taken into its stom¬ 
ach in the form of food or has been breathed 
into its lungs. Every part of an animal and 
every product of it—the milk of the cow, the 
cheese and the butter which may have been 
made from it, the wool of the sheep, the egg 
of the fowl, the down of the goose, the honey 
of the bee, and even the poison of the snake— 
are all produced in the animal from the food 
which it eats aud digests. What a wonderful 
thing is a living animal! The cow eats grass, 
and from this grass is produced flesh, bone, 
fat, horn, hair, cheese and butter. Grass con¬ 
tains, then, every element which the cow con¬ 
tains. This must bo so, or the cow could not 
thrive, because if its food is deficient in uuy 
one quality an animal becomes sick and dis¬ 
eased, and after a time will die. In its wild 
state an animal will go many miles to get salt, 
and a salt lick, or a place whore deer aud 
other wild animals go to lick the earth for the 
sake of ibe salt which it contains, is frequented 
constantly and regularly by them. Without 
this salt the animals will suffer and become 
diseased, and their instincts torca them to go 
and get this salt which they need. 
If we compare the various substances which 
are contained in grass with those which are 
contained in the body of a live cow, and in the 
cow'8 milk, we shall see very plainly how very 
much alike the grass and the substance of the 
living cow and its milk are. The following 
column-! will show the amounts of the various 
substances contained in 1,000 pounds of grass, 
in a cow^veighing 1,000 pouuds and in 1,000 
pounds of milk:— 
in the 
In the 
Ill tile 
There are of 
grass. 
cow. 
milk. 
Its. 
lbs. 
Ibs. 
Water. 
700 
597 
sir, 
Nitrogen. 
. r.,4 
r ’H 
Ashes . . 
Iu the ashes there are of 
, is 
46* 
Potash.. 
4W 
is-f 
U4 
Soda . 
Li 
Lime.. 
3 
20 -k 
US 
Maguesia .. 
1 
H 
Phosphoric acid. 
18^ 
m 
Sulphuric acid. 
.... 
.... 
Silica.. . 
s 
.... 
.... 
This is a very interesting table. It shows 
how it is that a young calf can live and grow 
upon milk until it is weaned, and after that 
how it can thrive upon grass: because every 
important element of the living cow or ox is 
contained in milk and in gruss; aud as long as 
a calf has plenty of milk, ami a cow has plenty 
of grass, everything that is needed is supplied. 
There is, in fact, no better food for a young 
animal than milk, and none better for a cow 
than grass. 
Now we can also easily see that if a. cow eats 
1,000 pounds of hay in two weeks, which is 
about 70 pounds a day, she could make of this 
grass 1,000 pounds of milk in the same time, 
or about 30 quarts of milk a day, if she had 
some water given to her, and if there was no 
■waste in any way. But there is a waste and 
no cow can turn all her food into milk be¬ 
cause of this waste. And this waste is noth¬ 
ing more nor less than the food needed to keep 
the cow alive. 
Folks’ History of America,” Illustrated with 
150 engravings, and his or her name will be 
announced in the Rural as the winner of the 
prize. In case there is a tie, preference will 
be given to the list most neatly written. 
Now, boys and girls of the Horticultural Club, 
let’s see what you can do. Uncle Mark. 
-*-♦-*- 
LETTERS FROM THE COUSINS. 
Uncle Mark:— This year we did not suc¬ 
ceed as we wished with our seeds owing to the 
drought, but hope next year to have better 
success. Our window plants are doing well. 
This is the third Winter we ever tried to 
keep any flowers. We have one salvia almost 
two years old. The seed dropped in one of 
our plant boxes and it came up in February. 
The plant commenced to bloom the first of 
May following. By cutting the flower stems 
it kept in bloom until the next December, and 
on the night of December 2k, 1880, it froze. 
We cut the top off and after a. long w hile 
it sprouted again, but it was quite weakly 
until last May. It commenced to bloom in 
June and has been in bloom ever since. We 
have seven geraniums and two begonias aud 
lantann-is and some other plants. We find 
that they do a great deal better to not water 
them too often. We w'ater them two and 
three times a week. We raised some celery 
from the seed you sent us. Yours, 
Wilsonville, Ky. Lizzie J. 
Dear Uncle Mark: — I wrote to you 
about one year ago, but I guess iny letter 
found its way, as a great many others do, to 
the waste basket. Thanks for the seeds you 
sent me, although they did not come up, as it 
was quite late w hen they got h- re. We had 
between 80 and 10 pi ints from the pink seed 
sent us, und 1 think there were about 28 differ¬ 
ent colored flowers; all of them were very 
pretty. We have a great many nice flowers; 
we sent East for a good many seeds, bulbs 
and plants. Some of the rose bushes we got 
last Winter bloomed all Summer and are 
bulded uow. We have had nearly rain 
enough this Winter for the farmers to com¬ 
mence putting in their crops. A good many 
of the farmers have put in grape vines, i-ome 
of which are doing very nicely. My sister, 
Edna, aud I have seven canaries; all of them 
are singers. Edna is eleven years old aud I 
am fourteen. We have two little brothers. 
One, Oscar, is tw o years and a-half old; the 
other, Nile, is seven months old. All of us 
please add as members to your Club. Hoping 
this will not reach the waste basket as my 
other did, 1 w ill close. Your niece. 
Woodland, Cal. Della C. Fisher. 
Dear Uncle Mark;—I write to thauk y< u 
for the seeds. Our pinks are just lovely; ina 
has taken some up and they are blooming in 
the house. I love tending flowers. The Whit* 
Elephant just did finely. Fifty nice potatoes 
from <me! We set out a large asparagus bed 
this Full. The oats were doing well, but one 
of our neighbor's horses got in aud ate them, 
every branch. Pupa was very sorry. The 
Rural Branching Sorghum did not come up 
at all; papa would like to try it agaiu. We 
have five acres of land in the woods aud only 
a rough board shanty, straight up and down, 
but mil says it is a nice honw because it is all 
paid for. We have two cow s and one lame 
horse. Three of us children go a mile and a- 
half to school. I wLh we had s nne raspber¬ 
ries and strawberries and grapes to write 
about, but mamma says we must not get in 
debt whilst there is only one pair of hands to 
work aud flour is two dollars a sack. 
Your niece, Sarah Miller. 
ANNOUNCEMENT. 
I am aware that we are a Horticultural 
Club, and that our aim is to learn all we can 
about Horticulture. We must not forget 
that. But I propose, for this week, something 
a little out of the usual order of things for an 
evening’s entertainment and profit, too, I 
hope. It is an exercise in spelling and ar¬ 
rangement, or the formation of words from 
one given. 
We will take the word V-i-n-e-y a-r-d. 
To illustrate, we may form vine, year, day, 
etc., but iu the formation of words the fol¬ 
lowing rules must be observed: 
1. No letter can be used twice iu the same 
word. 
2. No pr'per names, obsolete words, simple 
prefixes or suffixes, or words of a foreign lan¬ 
guage will be allowed. 
3. Of two words of the same spelling and 
different meanings but one will be accepted. 
4. Each list of words sent in must be alpha¬ 
betically arranged. 
5. Only members of the club can compete. 
6. All lists must reach this office by Fob. 22 
—Washington’s Birthday. 
The one sending the largest number of words 
conforming to th“ above rules will receive a 
beautiful book of 535 pages, entitled “Young 
Dear Uncle Mark:— I don’t know but 
you have dropped me from your club; as I 
see you talk of doiog with those who are 
“ Silent Cousins.” But I plead sickness and 
will try to do better in the future. My flow¬ 
ers are looking very nicely though not in blos¬ 
som at present. I have any quantity of Madeira 
vine toes or tubers which I would exchange 
with the cousins for hyacinths, or tulips, or 
I will send them if they will pay the postage. 
I had the nicest screen of them this Summer I 
ever saw. They can be trained in any way 
one pleases, and their large wax-like leaves 
are beautiful to look at, while their featnery 
flowers are very fragrant. T. F. Towner. 
Horn Brook, Pa. 
New Members of the Club for Week 
Ending Jan. 28. 
Nettie Dickson, Anna B. Ryan, Charley 
Hewitt, Edgar P. Hewitt (send address), 
Kent F. Dodge, Ida M. Davidson, S. A. Mo- 
rill, Frank Thatcher, M. L. Sayers, Rebecca 
Swain, Minnie Post, Clement E. Thomas, 
Lucy Woodruff, Phinney Strahl, Emma C. 
Fisk, E. May Turner (send address), Sarah J. 
Miller, John D. Pierson, Ernest Spencer, Lois 
Silencer, Matnie Newby, Anna S. Daniel, Ella 
Newby, Alice M. Bishop, Or .ee L. Bishop. 
and Parhinery. 
The Improved 
NEV YORK SEED DRILL. 
% 
Invented and patented by 
E. G, MATTHEWS. 
Price SI2, Boxed. 
With patent Combination Metal 
Dial that will not cor¬ 
rode or rust. 
It Stands without an Equal 
in the Market. 
SEND FOR FULL DESCRIP- 
TIVE CIRCULAR. 
.Manufactured solely by 
I HR HIGMMJ 1 U M’F’G CORPORATION, lligganiim, Conn., U. 8 . A. 
B-BTHB BEST^ 
WASHER 
We will guarantee the “LOVELL” 'WASHETt to 
do better work and do it. easier and in less time 
than any other machine in the world. Wan anted for 
five years, aud if it don't, wash the clothes clean with¬ 
out rubbing, we will refund the money. 
IfiEIITC WANTEfl in every county .Wo eon 
AUCn 10 VVaniCU show proof that Agents 
ave making from *7r> to per month. Farmers 
make $200 to $300 during the winter. LadU-H have 
great success selling this Washer. Retail price only 
#5. Sample to those desiring an agency !®2. Also the 
Celebrated KEYSTONE WltlNtiKIts at nionulact- 
lirers' lowest, price. We invito the strictest investiga¬ 
tion. Send us your address on a postal card for further 
particulars. Lovell Washer Co., Erie, Pa. 
icV'-y—"BRADLEY & COMPANY. 
Hed. Syracuse; n. y 
MATTHEWS^? / 
The standard of America 
Admitted by leading- Seeds- 
men and Market Gardeners AQaHwSiXTi f-if. 
everywhere to lie tberuost per- 
feet and reliable Drill in use. 
Send for circular. Mauufae- — 
tnred only by 
RVKKKTT & NMALE. Boston, .>la«s 
SIMPSON & GAULT 
(STRAUB MILL CO.) 
Makers of 
Flour Mill Machinery 
of Every Description. 
Portable Mills for Corn, Wheat 
Rye, and all kinds of Grain. 
t3f~ Write for prices, 
N. W. oi> r . FRONT & JOHN Sts. 
CntctNitSTi, Ohio. 
Hiniplo, durable, of the best work¬ 
manship and material. Solid Wrought 
Irou Boilers. Engine complete on 
board cars at Springfield, at fol¬ 
lowing priees: :t-boruo power, $27o;5- 
horse power,$3oO;7-borso j>ow;'r,$37e; 
lil-horse power, $500. Those engines 
fully giiarrautoed in every respect. 
Address Common Sense Engine Co. 
'Springfield, Ohio 
Cheap, Durable and Effect¬ 
ive-, Shots 12 to 1-1 bushels 
imr hour. It is the boat 
corn abeller made, and f 
warraM thirtn for five years. 
Price $3, or. handsomely 
nickel-plated, _ 
AGENT* WANTED. 
If tbcie is no agent in your 
vicinity, 1 will nend Shelter 
prepaid on receipt of price. 
Send for circular. 
CURTIS GODDARD 
At, MAN (Jit, uum. 
Mention ttur- 1 New-Yorker 
The only mill that Is a 
complete success In grlnd- 
Iuk corn amt cob together. 
We defy com iietl lion on this 
kind of grinding. It also 
grinds shelled corn and all 
other Vlnds of grain, coarse 
or hue, as deanred. Capac¬ 
ity ten to Itci :nly bushele 
per hour. Self-sharpening 
plates, and warranted in 
every respect. Address 
THOMAS ROBERTS, 
Springfield, Ohio. 
THE AMERICAN FRU T DRIER. 
y Cheap, 
a*t 1 Practical, 
® ArC-frfr** Portable 
AICHinOND. v i» 
Manufacturei- 
MIX.X. STONflS 
and 
Flouring Mill Nlaohlnar*. 
We manufacture _ fesS] 
the best French Buh r I 
CORN AND FEED MIUS **^|jjr|jgg 
In the country. Send lift, 
for description aud Jjj 
State von saw this 
Ir, RURAL N.-Y. c luasmsa 
matlon free. 
Address, AiMEKit AN FRUIT D11JF.K CO., 
Clinuibcrsbut-tf, Ha., 11. N. A. 
$ 250.00 cirAT.rrxGjc $ 250.00 
We offer above to any color that will excel 
, What we claim for our BUTT Eli COLOR, is : 
1, it has no taste or smell, and is as harmless as 
-ft; water. 2. it is liquid, is easy to handle, and is 
Yy mixed in thocream before churning. 8, produces 
-A a color resembling golden June grass butter. 
, r 4, it Is tlie only article that will color the butter 
aud net the buttermilk. 5, it gathers all the but- 
A- ter untteiuils, and increases the weight mor ✓ 
afi than enough to pay for the color used. 6, th„ 
sjnj color of the butter never changes. In short, •'* 
rit is decidedly the best article for the purpose evei 
8? offered for sale. For Bale by your druggist or 
country store. Manufactured and for sale by 
MRS. B. SMITH, 
533 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A. 
Dairymen's receipts free. (P. O. Box 1954.) 
★ * "★ask*for* 
WeUd, Richardson Co’s ns* 
PERFECTED BUTTER COLOR 
It Gives Butter the gilt-edged color the year round. The largest Butter Boyer# recommend Its us<* 
Thousands of Dairymen say IT IS PERFECT. Usod by all the best Creameries. Awarded the inter. 
hatlonalDiploinantN. Y.DalryFalr. Ask your drugglstormerchantforlt; or write to ask whatlt Is, what 
ft costs. Who nseslt. Whereto get It. WELLS, RICHARDSON A CO., Proprietor*, Burlington, 
; U S E ON LY)fTHISJfTHE^nR STJf ^ N^^TH E )f BESTJf 
