430 
FES. SI 
packed away in the same manner, and will 
keep in the best possible condition. 
The Mass. Plowman calls attention to a 
trite but greatly neglected matter—imperfect 
chimneys: 
Among the frequent causes of the destruc¬ 
tion of farm and other dwellings by fire, is 
unsafe chimneys, caused so by being imper¬ 
fectly constructed, or by the carelessness and 
ignorance of carpenters in attaching the 
woodwork to the chimney, or bj r cracks made 
by the settling of an improperly constructed 
foundation. Every person who builds a house 
should see to it thafcthe mason does his work 
properly, and builds away from the woodwork; 
the inside of the chimney should be well plasterg 
ed. When the carpenter does his work he should 
not be permitted to fasten a single piece of 
woodwork to the chimney, but should be re¬ 
quired to leave an air space between the 
woodwork and the chimney. 
Col. Curtis says in the N. Y. Tribune, that 
the trouble with glucose corn meal is that 
it is good for nothing, such as he has pur¬ 
chased. It has just enough glucose to make it 
ferment and rot, and enough water to make it 
heavy, and not enough of anything else to 
give it value. It will make cows give more 
milk, and so will water. Poultry do the best 
on it of any animals. Pigs eat it and squeal 
for more, eat more and still squeal, because 
they are still hungry. He tells bow bis hired 
man and he tugged to get a four-bushel sack 
of this “meal” upstairs into the pig house 
chamber, where he spread it out to dry. After 
awhile it dried, and he found how deceptive 
appearances sometimes are. There were a 
few quarts of skins. Skins, or ihe outer 
covering of kernels of corn, an indigestible 
horny substance perfectly valueless as food. 
The glucose manufacturers take all the heart 
—substance—out of the corn and then sell back 
to the farmers the steamed and water-soaked 
skins by the pound or the ton, which is no 
doubt profitable to them, but unprofitable to 
the farmers. It is good material for a com¬ 
post heap, and to swell out stomachs. 
In transplanting cabbages always set in the 
ground up to the first leaf, no matter how 
long the stem may be.Little 
Pixie is a fine early cabbage. Early York, 
Early Jersey Wakefield are the best for early; 
Early Winuingstadt and Fotler’s Brimswick 
are excellent for second early. 
“ A sample of my off-hand work,” as the buzz 
saw said to the careless carpenter, as the lat¬ 
ter was picking up a lopped-off finger.—N. Y. 
Post.It may be right, occa¬ 
sionally, to take a bull by the horns, but it is 
always well to keep in mind that the horns 
belong to the bull.—Glasgow Times. . . . 
. . Who says it’s unhealthy to sleep in feath¬ 
ers ? Look at the spring chicken and see how 
tough he is.—Boston Courier. 
The Giant Rocco and Giant White Tripoli 
onions are well adapted to the Southern cli¬ 
mate.. For the North the Large 
Red Wethersfield, Large Yellow Globe 
and Large Red Globe are the well-known 
market sorts. The Queen is small, but 
very early, and the best for picking. 
.. . Onion sets should be 
planted about the time that the cherry blooms, 
far enough apart in the row to give room for 
the full-sized bulbs. This will require 
about eight bushels to the acre. Onions so 
produced can be placed in the market long 
before those grown from seed. 
President Barry says that the means to be 
employed to secure ripeness and hardiness 
may be briefly summed up as follows:— 
First.—A dry soil, absolutely free from 
stagnant, moisture. 
Second. -Sufficient fertility only to produce 
a moderate aud healthy growth. 
Third.—Such treatment of the soil as will 
encourge growth early in the Autumn. In the 
case of tender plants these precautions will 
be all the more necessary. 
Fourth—In the case of fruit-bearing trees 
and plants, avoid over-croppiug. 
The reason that so few grapes are raised by 
farmers is because they do not prune enough. 
They raise vines, but few grapes. 
The American Queen has the following: 
Plebeian plant that on t hy stalk dost stand, 
Fair cabbage, queen of greens, I greet 
Thee, friend of poverty’s great band 
And e’en of riches, for thou, art no beet. 
No cauliflower can with thy fame compare, 
Not even spinach, when with eggs adorned, 
Toothsome thou art when chopped up short and fine. 
Supreme, when boiled with beef that has been corned. 
-*-*-*.- 
CATALOGUES, ETC. • 
B. K. Bliss & Sons, 34 Barclay St., N. Y. 
This is an elegant catalogue of 130 pages, with 
350 fine engravings and a beautiful colored 
plate of pansies and another of the Pockling 
ton Grape. It presents a descriptive list of 
all the most desirable varieties of garden, 
field and flower seeds and horticultural requi¬ 
sites. Among novelties, we notice the Soja 
Bean, Day’s Early Sunrise and the American 
Wonder Pea, and many testimonials as to the 
great value of the latter; several new kinds 
of potatoes and the Rural Branching 
“ Dnrra,” which, we presume, is the same as 
the Rural Branching Sorghum. There are 
many other novelties. This catalogue is sent 
to all regular customers without charge; to 
others the price is 10 cents. 
David Landheth & Sons, Philadelphia, 
Pa., Rural Register and Almanac. There is 
much concise informatu n in this catalogue of 
one of the first seed houses in America. It is 
one of those guides which every farmer and 
gardener needs for reference during every 
month of the year. Besides the Register nnd 
Almanac, the usual full lists of all kinds of 
seeds are presented, and many novelties are 
included therein. We commend it to all our 
readers, to whom it will be sent gratuitously 
on application to the Landretbs as above. 
Also Price List of Landreth’s garden seeds 
for family gardens. Also Wholesale Trade 
Price List- 
J. T. Lovett, Little Silver, N. J. Small 
fruits of all kinds—grapes, peaches, pears, 
quinces. This is a very showy, well arranged 
catalogue, and the lists of fruits—small fruits 
especially—are well selected, and, what is 
mor', the descriptions are trustworthy and 
the engravings not exaggerated. A colored 
plate of the Kieffer Hybrid Pear accompanies 
the catalogue, which presents upon the back 
cover a correct colored print of the Manches¬ 
ter Strawberry, and upon the front cover one 
of the Soubegan Raspberry. Free to our sub¬ 
scribers who apply to Mr. Lovett. 
George S. Wales, Bannockburn Farrn^ 
Rochester, N. Y. Small fruit, flower and 
vegetable plants. This catalogue opens with 
Hints on Transplanting and Sowing of Seeds- 
Then come Strawberries, Directions for Gar¬ 
den Culture, and then the varieties All the 
new kinds are offered, and a very accurate 
engraving of the Manchester is presented. 
Mr. Wales offers a good selection of the newer 
grapes. Bulbs, Carnations, Roses, Shrubs, 
etc.., close the catalogue, which will be sent 
gratis. Mr. Wales we believe to be a trust¬ 
worthy nurseryman. 
R. H Allen 8c Co., 180 and 101 Water St., 
N. Y. Illustrated catalogue (85 pages, free to 
applicants) of farm, garden, flower seeds, roots, 
plants aud garden requisites and agricultural 
implements of all kinds. We notice in this 
catalogue the Davis Lawn Rake, which we 
have tried with much satisfaction. It clears 
the lawn of all rubbish, grass and leaves very 
readily, as the “trong wire teeth do not sink 
into the ground, and are therefore not im¬ 
peded as they rake the surface. It is intended, 
however, only for lawns. 
Robert Bdist, Jr., 033 and 034 Market 
Street, Philadelphia, Almanac and Garden 
Manual designed to furnish hints to cottagers, 
farmers, and planters on the cultivation of 
vegetables, with much useful information on 
gardening generally. Hints for every month 
in the year. Illustrated lists of all kinds of 
seeds, all comprised in 195 pages. The book, 
which seems to us of special value, will be sent 
without charge to our subscribers who apply 
to the above firm. 
E & J. C. Williams, Montclair, N. J. 
A descriptive catalogue and price-list of 
strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, grapes 
potatoes, etc. We are glad to see the Monti 
clair Raspberry at last announced for sale. 
Among strawberries, the Manchester is 
offered. The catalogue presents a colored 
plate of the Pocklington Grape. This Cata¬ 
logue will be sent free to applicants by the 
Messrs. Williams. 
Storrs & Harrison Co., Painesville, Ohio, 
A fine catalogue of 105 pages, sent without 
charge to applicants. Ornamental plants, 
bulbs, roses, geraniums, hardy shrubs, vines, 
fruit trees, grape-vines, etc. This old nursery 
establishment has recently added flower and 
vegetable seeds to their catalogue. 
J. T. Lovett, Little Silver, New Jersey. A 
pamphlet of eight pages with a colored portrait 
of the Manchester Strawberry, and a sketch of 
its entire history and promise. Few straw¬ 
berries have ** started fife ” with such power* 
ful recommendations. 
J. A. FOOTE, Terra Haute, Ind., Catalogue 
of 35 pages. We see many of the newer kinds 
of potatoes offered in this—also varieties of 
field corn, watermelons, which, among novel, 
ties, are very promising. 
L. W. Goodell, Amherst, Mass., Illustrated 
Catalogue of seeds and bulbs for 1882. This 
presents a well selected list of flower and 
vegetable seeds. Free to applicants. 
Thorburn & Titus, 158 Chambers Street, 
N. Y., Illustrated Catalogue of 50 pages (sent 
to all applicants free) of seeds of all kinds for 
the farm and garden. 
Results of Soil Tests of Commercial 
Fertilizers for 1881, by J. T. Henderson, Com¬ 
missioner of Agriculture for State of Georgia. 
Alfred Bridgeman, 876 Broadway, N. Y., 
Market gardener’s list of seeds, and it is a 
valuable list of them. 
Slibonciiltitriil. 
TREE PLANTING—No. 5. 
DR. JOHN A. WARDER. 
In giving advice to the renders of the Rural 
upon this new but very important branch of 
agriculture, it may be well to set out with the 
admission that to most of us in America for¬ 
estry is indeed a new study, involving many 
questions; this remark applies to the teachers 
as well as to those who may desire to be 
taught. As to the majority of our farmers, 
indeed, there are few who realize its impor¬ 
tance and necessity, and hence we cannot ex¬ 
pect a very large class of students anxious to 
learn. And, with this admission, it must also 
be conceded that very few of us have as yet 
had so extended experience as to justify us in 
assuming the office of teachers in the art. 
Hence, the preparation of this series of papers 
has been undertaken with becoming diffidence, 
and great, care will be maintained to avoid 
misleading those who may become enrolled in 
the class of our “ Forest Academy ” as readers 
of these columns of the Rural. 
Simplicity of language will be studied, and 
the scient fic or “ botanical” names of trees 
will be given in italics, or in brackets rather, 
for the sake of accuracy, and to be placed 
alongside the common names, because these 
last, though perhaps more familiar to the ears 
of most readers, are known to vary in different 
parts of the country, and without the correct¬ 
ive would lead to confusion in the nomencla¬ 
ture of our trees. 
So also with regard to the modes of proced¬ 
ure that may be recommended to the readers 
in the advices that may be furnished, great 
care will be taken to draw, whenever possible, 
from the results of actual experiment rather 
than Irom the suggestions of writers upon the 
subject, who have represented the doings of 
others who may have experimented, or even 
successfully practiced, in other lands and un¬ 
der circumstances very different from thoie by 
which we are surrounded. 
These papers shall be essentially practical 
and as essentially American, though refer¬ 
ences w ill frequently be made to European 
methods that have been pursued for centuries. 
It is proposed in this series to discuss, in 
succession, if not precisely in their order here 
stated, the following topics, as subdivisions of 
the great “ forestry question ” which is now 
presented to us in this country:— 
TOPICS TO BE TREATED, 
Where to plant. 
Preparation for planting. 
How to plant. 
What to plant. 
Cultivation required. 
After treatment. 
Protection. 
Thinning the trees. 
Trimming and pruning. 
Felling or harvesting. 
Systems of forest management. 
Coppice wood. 
Fire-wood and charcoal. 
Saw-logs and dimension timbers.— Hoch- 
wald, of Germany. 
Secondary products. 
The merits of conservation and of planting 
anew. 
Natural reproduction. 
Various plantations already begun in New 
England and elsewhere. 
The various trees to be used in planting. 
FIRST TOPIC—WHERE TO PLANT. 
Plant trees anywhere that you can spare the 
land froyi your regular farm crops. This for 
a new country of fertile scil, such as our 
proud inheritance. But even in those new 
States of wonderful fertility there are spots on 
every farm, after a few years of our destruct¬ 
ive agricultural mis-management, that beg : n 
to show signs of impoverishment— scalds they 
have well been called—where the crops begin 
to fail; also on almost every tract of land in 
cultivation there are breaks, ravines and odd 
corners that are yielding nothing to the net 
income of the farm, upon which, however, 
the tax-gatherer and the interest account do 
annually make their levies. Then, too, there 
are in many places rocky ledges unsuitable for 
cultivation, aud also lowlands subject to over 
flow or to washing by the swollen streams 
that flow through them. All these may most 
happily and profitably be occupied by planting 
them with timber, which will continue to in 
crease in value so as eventually to reward the 
owner many-fold the interest on bis invest¬ 
ment and the taxes paid during a series of 
years, which would have been otherwise a 
dead loss oo the proprietor and to the country. 
Now let us suppose that the small but indus¬ 
trious farmer is the happy proprietor of but a 
“ forty” or an “ eighty”-acre tract of the very 
best soil, and that it is all in a condition of the 
highest culture in arable crops, shall he, too, 
plant timber f Yes, yes, by all means, whether 
the surrounding country be timber-land or 
open prairie, let him also plant portions of his 
farm in trees. He should plant them for their 
future use, for their prospective shelter and 
for their comfort to himself and to his crops 
aud to his live stock. 
Suppose, however, that this “forty”-acre 
farm had been cut out from a large tract of 
timber-land—does the owner imagine that 
other forties and eighties will not also be 
cleared all around him very soon i He will 
welcome the sound of his neighbors’ axes and 
rejoice in the extending areas of sunlit fields 
and blooming crops embellishing the wilder¬ 
ness that had shrouded his outlook; but in a 
very few years, when the dense forest 1 as be¬ 
come the smiling savanna of cleared farms in 
an ever-extending area of open country around 
him, he will find a consequent diminution of 
his crops as a natural result of this radical 
change in the conditions which now surround 
the "forty ” which he had first opened in the 
forest primeval. 
Here, then, is a place to plant, trees, or to 
conserve a portion of the woods, but of these 
two plans it becomes a question of great inr 
portance—so great, indeed, as to require a 
separate chapter for its due consideration— 
whether to preserve some of the original 
wood-lands or to plant afresh. This will be 
treated under the head of Conservation or 
Planting Anew, in a future communication. 
It will soon become advisable, even for the 
small farmer whose necessities we have been 
considering, to protect himself from the de¬ 
structive agency of the driving winds to which 
be has been exposed by the clearing away of 
the original woods. This can be done by 
planting trees as shelter-belts and wind breaks 
to the windward sides of his little farm. He 
can well afford a few rods in width on one 
side of his land, and will soon learn their 
worth as mere shelters, aud meanwhile they 
will annually be enhancing their own money 
value in a far greater ratio thau the interest 
and taxes expended, aud all the time they will 
increase the productiveness of his remaining 
acres and the comfort of himself and of his 
cattle. 
Nor should his efforts in tree planting be 
restricted to the wind-break and the timber- 
lot. He will not overlook the lesthetic effects 
nor the real comfort of trees about his resi- 
dence,and of groves about the farm steadings, 
nor the enhanced value they give to his farm 
if he wishes to sell it. 
Now let us turn to the pioneer or older set¬ 
tler away from the sheltering timber regions, 
away out on the open prairie lands of a large 
portion of our country. For miles and miles 
in this beautiful region of fertile soil spread 
out in undulating surface, without a bush or 
tree to break the uniformity, great fields 
have been inclosed aud cultivated in cereals 
aud other crops. Modest homesteads are 
springing up here and there; some are small 
and unpretentious, others of larger propor¬ 
tions and more substantial; soni6 surrounded 
by thriving orchards, while here and there a 
few shade trees lend their sheltering influence, 
though too many of the prairie homes are bare 
and desolate enough, while they and the broad 
acres about them are exposed to every blast 
that blows from the deserts, from the Rocky 
Mountains, or comes, frost laden, on the chill¬ 
ing northers from the inhospitable regions of 
frozen Manitoba, unhindered by any moun¬ 
tain range, unobstructed by any sheltering 
forest areas. Here, then, surely, and in every 
prairie region, are places to plant trees. 
Every forty, every eighty-acre farm, every 
half-section, and every forty-acre field of the 
larger farms in these prairie regions, demands 
of its owner the planting of wind-breaks; and 
it may be found, yes, it has already been dis¬ 
covered in the prairies of Iowa, that the net 
products of the farms thus diminished in ara¬ 
ble area, but sheltered by trees, are increased 
in amount and value over those of similar 
lands devoted to arable crops in the open 
country. 
In response, therefore, to the question taken 
as the theme for this paper— Where to plant 
trees ?—let it be repeated: plant on every farm 
be it more or less, be t he tract larger or smalle^ 
whether in wooded or prairie regions. Plant 
on all broken places, corners, ravines, hill¬ 
sides-, rocky ledges, river and creek banks, on 
road sides. Plant on bare sands, where they 
may exist, and clothe these deserts with ver¬ 
dure that will fix the soil and meliorate it, 
again to become arable and fruitful. Yes, 
plant also on the most favored spots of the 
most fertile tracts of country, where no desert 
scalds exist, either naturally or resulting from 
nmn’s mismanagement of his heritage. Even 
there we should plant trees in groves, in 
groups, in wind-breaks, for the Bake of their 
kindly influences as well as for their future 
usefulness as trees. Plant about your dwell¬ 
ings, and barns, and on the road-sides, every¬ 
where plant trees for their beauty, shade and 
shelter. 
This is the answer rendered to the query 
where to plant trees. 
Since writing the above the following waif 
